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1.
国际趋势表明自闭症谱系障碍儿童干预方法的有效性需循证实践来检验。美国自闭症干预方法的循证实践过程经历了研究文献筛选、建立证据强度分类系统、干预次级分类系统三个阶段,循证实践结果将当前的自闭症干预方法划分为已经证实有效的方法、正在形成有效的方法、尚未证实的方法。我国自闭症教育研究者及临床工作者应遵循循证实践,科学选择干预方法。  相似文献   

2.
Growing numbers of pupils with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are attending mainstream schools, and increasing numbers of additional staff are being deployed to support them. Recent research has cast doubt on the effectiveness of this support, by highlighting issues relating to deployment and training, and to relationships with class teachers. This study, conducted by Wendy Symes, who is a Research Associate at the University of Manchester, and Neil Humphrey, who is Professor of Education in the same university, interviewed 15 teaching assistants supporting pupils with ASD in four mainstream secondary schools in the north‐west of England to explore these issues. Analysis yielded several key findings. The majority of teaching assistants worked with just one pupil at a time and worked in a variety of lessons. Their role primarily involved helping pupils to stay focused and follow instructions. Many teaching assistants had no experience of ASD prior to starting their job. The amount of training received varied, but all felt that generic training about ASD was not helpful. A lack of time for joint planning with teachers was raised as a key concern. These findings are discussed in relation to the growing literature on inclusive education for pupils with ASD.  相似文献   

3.
自闭症诊断与干预研究综述   总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19  
本文概述了当前国内外有关自闭症和“自闭类”障碍的定义与诊断、病因和干预方案的研究,并简要分析了未来研究的重点和方向。  相似文献   

4.
    
Students with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are increasingly being educated within mainstream schools. While there is often an assumption that students with ASD who are academically capable will succeed in an inclusive educational placement, previous research has indicated that this is not always the case. Indeed, it seems that students with ASDs are often not equipped to cope with the social and communication demands of a mainstream classroom. Autism Spectrum Australia's (Aspect) satellite class programme aims to address this gap by blending specialised intervention with strategies to prepare students and receiving schools for transition to more inclusive educational placements. A long-term follow-up study comprising a parent survey of satellite class graduates and four detailed case studies was undertaken to determine whether these classes led to successful placement of students with ASD in more inclusive educational settings. Results indicated that a majority of graduates remained placed in more inclusive educational settings. Overall, parents were satisfied with the programme. Attendance at a satellite class was just one of a number of factors associated with positive outcomes in late adolescence. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for teachers and school staff planning for and supporting students with ASDs in their transition to inclusive educational settings.  相似文献   

5.
研究者选取上海市6所开展自闭谱系障碍儿童早期干预工作的专业教育机构,对其中的46位教师及69位儿童家长进行调查。结果表明,自闭谱系障碍儿童从早期发现到早期评估再到接受早期干预需要经历相当长的时间,仅有27.5%的儿童在3岁前接受了早期干预;教师队伍有待优化;家长虽然对早期干预态度积极,但参与程度有限;儿童每周接受有效干预的时间偏少,干预效果有进一步提高的空间。建议尽快建立并完善自闭谱系障碍儿童早期教育支持体系,配备足量教师并推动教师专业发展,延长儿童接受有效干预的时间,鼓励家长积极参与,以提高干预效果。  相似文献   

6.
社会故事作为一种应用于自闭症谱系障碍儿童社会能力训练的教学方法,目前得到广泛的推广与应用。本文试图从国外自闭症谱系社会故事干预的研究文献中梳理现有的社会故事干预有效性研究的开展情况,试图总结研究中存在的问题,并为今后社会故事干预的有效性研究提供思路。  相似文献   

7.
    
This investigation studied attainment in students with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) who were taking modules by distance learning with the UK Open University in 2012. Students with ASDs who had no additional disabilities were as likely as non-disabled students to complete the modules that they had taken, to pass the modules that they had completed and to obtain good grades for the modules that they had passed. Students with ASDs who had additional disabilities were less likely than non-disabled students to complete the modules that they had taken, but they were as likely as non-disabled students to pass the modules that they had completed and to obtain good grades for the modules that they had passed. Their lower completion rate presumably reflects the impact of their additional disabilities rather than their ASDs. In distance education, at least, students with ASDs tend to perform on a par with their non-disabled peers.  相似文献   

8.
    
This study investigated the attitudes of parents in Jordan towards the inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in public schools and what the parents believed to be the most important prerequisite of child-based skills for successful inclusion. A total of 148 parents were selected to complete the survey. The researchers explored whether variable demographic characteristics such as age, student's gender, parent's gender, education levels, monthly income, and high- or low-function ASD correlated with the attitudes of parents towards inclusion of students with ASD in public schools. The analyses revealed that the variables that correlated with parents' attitudes towards inclusion were education levels and high- or low-function ASD. The themes behind the parents' attitude for inclusion are discussed. With regard to the prerequisite skills for successful inclusion, the results indicated that parents recommended independent skills, playing skills, behavioural skills, imitation skills, routine skills, social skills, paying attention skills, language skills, and pre-academic and academic skills in that order.  相似文献   

9.
    
The aim of this research was to examine the type of activities as well as the challenges faced by befrienders supporting persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Twenty-nine volunteers befriending an equal number of families with children with ASD participated in this study. Content analysis was applied on visit logs (n = 465) completed by befrienders during a nine month period, supplemented by thematically analysed evidence derived from semi-structured interviews with befrienders at the end of their volunteering experience. In agreement with our expectations, findings indicate a variation in the type, number and location of activities as well as the challenges of befrienders, depending on the level of ability of persons with ASD. Befrienders in both groups were mostly involved in leisure activities, had greater social interaction with the high functioning autistic group and carried out more structured 1:1 activities with individuas with low functioning autism. Interestingly, befrienders in both groups did not differ significantly on their reported challenges. The implications of this befriending service as a means of social support for families with persons with ASD are discussed.  相似文献   

10.
美国精神疾病协会在其最新公布的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版(DSM-V)草案中,对自闭症及其谱系障碍的诊断标准进行了多项重大的修订,其中包括障碍亚类型的取消、核心症状的缩减、感知觉诊断标准的增加、诊断年龄的调整以及障碍程度等级的设定等。这些修订不仅体现了美国当前自闭症相关研究的主要成果,同时也将对自闭症的诊断过程、诊断工具、诊断结果以及后续的支持服务及相关政策产生重大而深远的影响。  相似文献   

11.
自1943年Kanner首次提出“自闭症”一词时起便发现该群体存在注意障碍.随着认知信息加工取向研究的盛行,研究者更倾向于从领域一般性角度来研究自闭症谱系障碍患者的注意问题.选择性注意作为注意的一个重要方面,成为自闭症谱系障碍领域的研究热点.文章在对文献资料进行梳理的基础上,介绍了一些关于自闭症谱系障碍患者选择注意的研究,并重点介绍了知觉负载理论框架下的新成果.最后,对自闭症谱系障碍患者选择性注意的研究进行了小结,并对新框架下的研究进行了展望.  相似文献   

12.
国外自闭症儿童游戏及游戏干预研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
国外关于自闭症儿童的游戏水平、游戏行为等方面的研究表明,自闭症儿童的游戏呈现水平低,象征性游戏少的特点,但自闭症儿童现有的游戏水平也可以为干预提供契机。自闭症儿童的游戏干预有两种取向:一是以应用行为分析、关键反应训练等为代表的行为主义取向游戏干预;二是以基于发展、个别差异和人际关系的模式、整合性游戏团体等为代表的发展取向的游戏干预。研究者在分析国外已有研究的基础上,进一步讨论了游戏干预中游戏的目的和作用、治疗关系的重要性及游戏干预的取向等问题。  相似文献   

13.
通过对一名高功能自闭症儿童进行为期8个月的沙盘干预,探讨沙盘对于高功能自闭症儿童的治疗效果,并用自闭症谱系认识理论进行分析。结果发现,个案使用的沙具由单一变得多样化,主动性言语增多,刻板重复言语等症状不同程度地减少。该个案的沙盘表现支持ToM及相关理论。  相似文献   

14.
苏雪云  胡冰 《幼儿教育》2012,(Z3):90-92,96
自闭谱系障碍通常被描述为一种起病于3岁之前,以明显的社会交往障碍、言语沟通异常以及刻板的兴趣、奇特的行为方式为特征的谱系障碍。尽早发现、评估、干预,才能最大程度地开发这类儿童的潜能。英国目前已经拥有较为完善的法律保障体系,以保障自闭谱系障碍儿童的权利及其家庭的参与权利。\"不只是语言\"\"早起的鸟\"等早期家庭干预模式均重视家长的参与,旨在形成由专业人员指导、家长执行并合作解决问题的干预体系,促进自闭谱系障碍儿童发展。英国的经验值得借鉴。  相似文献   

15.
16.
    
This study explores the expectations of dance therapists/practitioners and parents and teachers of autistic children engaging in a developmental dance programme. Information gathered will support development of an evaluation tool aligned with the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A qualitative study included a convenience cohort of teachers (n = 6), parents (n = 2) of children with ASD and therapists (n = 3). Three role specific focus groups were undertaken considering potential benefits and challenges of the programme. Content and thematic analysis was undertaken using NVivo12. Findings reflected four positive themes relating to behaviour, skills, social interaction and environmental supports. Therapists, teachers and parents focused differently on stereotypical and restricted behaviours, environmental supports and habits and routines respectively. These themes also emerged as challenges (to implement/achieve); with parents identifying more emotional and behavioural restrictions. A fourth challenge theme of transferability of skills emerged from teachers and therapists. Items mapped against 28 ICF Core Sets (across the lifespan) and six to ICF categories, with creativity and imagination mismatched. Findings highlight need for a specific outcome measure for dance and/or movement programmes for autistic individuals that captures meaningful functions across ICF domains for differing stakeholders.  相似文献   

17.
    
Many students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate comprehension difficulties. In the present study, 12 high‐functioning Swedish students with ASD (aged 10–15 years) took part in a naturalistic classroom‐based intervention to support comprehension of connected narrative discourse. An effective approach for supporting discourse comprehension in children with ASD was assumed to include: (i) providing teachers and students with a shared and explicit set of concepts for talking and thinking about the activity of comprehension, that (ii) can structure the child's discourse comprehension under scaffolding and modelling from the teacher. In the pre‐testing session, the students with ASD presented with poor discourse comprehension but receptive vocabulary and reading decoding skills close to normative performance. Post‐intervention test results, following 4 weeks of training, indicated specific and significant improvements in discourse comprehension. Support for the potential of this type of teaching was also obtained from teachers and students. The teachers reported that they would continue to use the same or similar comprehension instruction for 11 out of 12 students, and for multiple reasons, and students were also mostly positive to the training. Implications for practice and further research are discussed, as are limitations of the study.  相似文献   

18.
    
School psychologists are well-positioned to assist practitioners in engaging students in physical activity (PA) which can increase student access to improved well-being and associated health benefits. This may be of particular importance for adolescents with moderate to severe developmental disabilities (DD; autism and intellectual disability) who display various deficits in performing PA skills. Previous research suggests video-based instruction (VBI) effectively facilitated independence associated with PA skills in people with DD, however, additional research is warranted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree a VBI impacted acquisition of skills in individuals with DD at school, and, subsequently, in a community setting. Multiple probe design was used to assess the effect of the intervention in four participants. The results indicate the intervention was effective in teaching three participants to perform the circuit in the school setting and transfer the skills to the community setting; however, maintenance was variable. Implications related to practice for school psychologists, teachers, and other practitioners, as well as, limitations and future research directions are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
睡眠问题在自闭症谱系障碍儿童中有高发生率,与他们的核心特征存在错综复杂的关联.睡眠问题属于失眠症的范畴,潜在病原包括神经生物学、心理及行为和家庭环境等因素,对儿童的影响体现在社会交往与沟通、行为表现及认知和个人成长及家庭等方面,现有治疗措施主要有行为干预、药理治疗和其他疗法,最后对自闭症谱系障碍儿童教育与康复提出几点建议.  相似文献   

20.
本研究的目的在于考察8-14岁自闭症儿童的生物运动知觉表现及偏转角度的影响。研究采用了生物运动任务范式:首先给被试观看不同偏转角度(正面、左侧45°和右侧45°)的光点动画,然后要求被试判断动画中的光点小人在做什么运动。研究结果显示,自闭症儿童与正常发展儿童在生物运动知觉表现方面存在显著性差异,自闭症儿童的生物运动知觉表现较差;在不同偏转角度任务中,正常发展儿童完成生物运动知觉的表现不存在显著性差异,但自闭症儿童存在偏转角度的优势效应,尤其在左侧45°条件下表现最好。因此,本文的结论是,8-14岁自闭症儿童的生物运动知觉能力总体水平偏低,他们的生物运动知觉表现受到偏转角度影响。  相似文献   

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