Using Calculators and Computers to Enhance the Middle Grades Mathematics Curriculum

No abstract available for this article.     

Assessing Intervention Responsiveness: Conceptual and Technical Issues

Implementing an intervention responsiveness approach to the identification of learning disabilities (LD) requires specification of procedures for the assessment process. In this article, the author uses examples in the literature to explore conceptual and technical issues associated with options for specifying three assessment components: the timing of the measurement of student response to intervention; the criterion for demarcating learning as inadequate (below which students are identified as LD); and the nature of the intervention. Then, the author summarizes research contrasting alternative assessment methods within an intervention responsiveness approach to LD identification. Conclusions are drawn, and future related work is described.     

What We Need to Know About Responsiveness To Intervention (and Shouldn't Be Afraid to Ask)

During the past several years, one of the most frequently addressed topics at conferences and in professional journals is responsiveness to intervention (RTI). This is because it is viewed by many as a new way to think about both early intervention and disability identification. Despite its relative newness, a subset of RTI proponents contend researchers and practitioners know everything they need to know to implement it effectively. We disagree and argue that the smartest and most responsible way to move forward with RTI implementation is to recognize what all of us collectively do know and do not know. In this article, we identify unresolved issues—general and specific—important to RTI implementation, teacher effectiveness, and student achievement.     

Responsiveness and Affective Processes in the Interactive Construction of Understanding in Mathematics

This paper reports on important learning processes emerging during adult mathematics classes that used a teaching approach compatible with a social constructivist theory of knowing. A cyclical teaching model encouraged much discussion about the mathematical problems presented to paired groups. Whole-class student-led sharing sessions allowed students to continue their interactive constitution of meaning and solutions.Comparisons of pre- and post-course scores on attitude and belief questionnaires indicated significant increases in positive attitudes and beliefs about mathematics and about themselves doing mathematics.The overall positive changes in scores on questionnaires are explained in terms of recurrent patterns in thinking inferred from data obtained by observation, interview, and reflective comments. Changes are explained in terms of the interactive effects of affective and heuristic processing during problem solving. Affective processes precipitated students' responsiveness, modifying the immediate learning context which, in turn, influenced the students' thinking, creating a snowballing effect on learning and affect. Changes were clearly facilitated by the interaction between students and by their shared understandings.     

The Long-Term Effects of Small Classes in Early Grades: Lasting Benefits in Mathematics Achievement at Grade 9

Reducing class size to increase academic achievement is a policy option currently of great interest. Although the results of small-scale randomized experiments and some interpretations of large-scale econometric studies point to positive short-term effects of small classes, some scholars view the evidence as ambiguous. Project STAR in Tennessee-a 4-year, large-scale randomized experiment on the effects of class size—provided persuasive evidence that small classes have immediate positive effects on academic achievement. Unlike most other early education interventions, these effects persisted for several years after the children returned to regular-sized classes. The authors of the present article report analyses of a 6-year follow-up of the students in that experiment. Class-size effects persisted for at least 6 years and remained large enough to be important for educational policy. The results suggest that small classes in early grades have lasting benefits and that those benefits are greater for minority students than for White students.     

Principles for the Prevention and Intervention of Mathematics Difficulties

Three levels of prevention and intervention in the area of mathematics are addressed: (a) primary prevention focusing on universal design, (b) secondary prevention focusing on adaptations, and (c) tertiary prevention focusing on intensive and explicit contextualization of skills‐based instruction. The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss principles of prevention and intervention in the area of mathematics. First, we identify research‐based principles associated with primary prevention. Second, we turn our attention to secondary prevention, with a focus on prereferral intervention. We identify principles that serve to differentiate primary and secondary prevention and specify instructional variables that are promising for use within a secondary prevention mode. Finally, we discuss intervention. We identify principles of effective intervention, which include individually referenced decision making, instructional intensity, and deliberate contextualization of skills‐based instruction.     

1～3代树枝状聚醚的合成与表征

以3,5-二羟基苯甲醇或3,5-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯、苄卤化物、K2C03为原料,以18-冠-6为催化剂,采用一步法和两步法（氢化铝锂为还原剂）制备得到了1—3代以CH2OH为核的树枝状聚醚,采用红外光谱进行结构表征,并将产物进一步卤代进行结构验证。研究结果表明,采用一步法和两步法均可得到目标产物,但一步法得到的目标产物产率明显高于两步法。     

第三届国际数学及科学研究结果对华人地区数学课程改革的启示

第三届国际数学及科学研究是一项由国际教育成就评价协会主办,有四十多个国家和地区参加的长期追踪研究,这项研究由纸笔测试和录像研究两部分组成.这项研究对华人地区课程改革的启示有:虽然华人地区数学教育遭受各种批评,但从研究结果看,华人地区的数学教育并不差;我们应该仔细讨论TIMSS测试本身,分析它是否符合我们的数学教育目标;虽然华人学生相对负面的数学学习态度似乎没有影响学生的数学成绩,但是负面态度本身应该引起我们的关注.     

Connecting Biology and Mathematics: First Prepare the Teachers

Developing the connection between biology and mathematics is one of the most important ways to shift the paradigms of both established science disciplines. However, adding some mathematic content to biology or biology content to mathematics is not enough but must be accompanied by development of suitable pedagogical models. I propose a model of pedagogical mathematical biological content knowledge as a feasible starting point for connecting biology and mathematics in schools and universities. The process of connecting these disciplines should start as early as possible in the educational process, in order to produce prepared minds that will be able to combine both disciplines at graduate and postgraduate levels of study. Because teachers are a crucial factor in introducing innovations in education, the first step toward such a goal should be the education of prospective and practicing elementary and secondary school teachers.     

策略提示对数学学困生应用题成绩影响的研究

数学学习困难学生的学习策略是当前教育学、心理学研究的一个热点问题。通过对学困生策略提示前后应用题学习成绩的差异研究发现:学困生不能像学优生那样自觉主动地使用相应的策略,应用策略的意识较差;策略提示对学困生有积极的促进作用;策略提示前学困生与学优生的成绩有非常显著的差异,而在策略提示后,这种差异明显减小,但学困生在策略的迁移及运用策略的有效性方面仍不如学优生。     

第三学段课前资料的搜集与运用

在第三学段教学中,课前搜集资料环节存在着"教师盲目、学生茫然、效率低下"等问题。教师应根据文本特色,立足教材,对学生的课前搜集资料环节进行有效的指导,并以此为契机,激发学生搜集、运用资料的兴致,将课堂扩展到课外,促进学生有效阅读,进而提升语文素养。     

What does Kuwait want to learn from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)?

His particular academic interests are in mathematics teaching and curriculum development. Author of a series of mathematics textbooks with teachers' guides.     

Exploring Force and Motion Concepts in Middle Grades Using Computational Modeling: a Classroom Intervention Study

Journal of Science Education and Technology - Computational thinking (CT) and modeling are authentic practices that scientists and engineers use frequently in their daily work. Advances in...     

Reading at Home and at School in the Primary Grades: Cultural and Social Influences

Hispanic children are twice as likely as European American children to read below average for grade level. Some of this difference may be related to the home literacy practices children experience. To study this, the school reading achievement of 75 European American and 53 Hispanic second graders was examined in relation to their home reading practices. Results indicate that reading at home, specifically how often children read, with whom they read, and their active initiation of reading, are related to school reading achievement in both groups. These relations were more pronounced for European American boys and Hispanic girls, and fewer relations were found for Hispanic children whose mothers spoke solely Spanish. Results are discussed in relation to home-based opportunities in these two communities for children in the primary grades to develop reading skills.     

创新理念 回归生活——《思想道德修养与法律基础》教学创新实践与思考

要提高《思想道德修养与法律基础》课程教学的实际效果,必须在吃透教材精神的基础上,结合实际教学经验,摸清学生脉络、拓宽教育理念、采取互动教学,这样才能更好地真正达到目的。     

Major survey design issues for the IEA Third International Mathematics and Science Study

He has been involved in international comparative studies of education since 1971. His current research is focused on integrating frameworks for the assessment of learning, ability and performance. He recently completed (with T. N. Postlethwaite) a volume reporting findings of the second science study of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).     

Investigating Efficacy,Moderators and Mediators for an Online Mathematics Homework Intervention

Abstract

We report on a randomized controlled trial of an intervention that leverages the availability of laptops for all public-school students in the state of Maine. The intervention, called “ASSISTments,” provides feedback to students as they solve mathematics homework problems and automatically prepares reports for teachers about student performance on daily assignments. Teachers received training and coaching on formative assessment. Data was collected from 43 schools, 87 teachers, and 2769 7th grade students. Planned analyses describe use of the intervention, analyze the impact of the intervention on an end-of-year standardized assessment, and explore variables that may moderate or mediate impacts. Findings indicate that students in the schools assigned to use ASSISTments learned more and the impact was greater for students with lower prior mathematics achievement. Although evidence shows that teachers used the intervention to target instruction to students’ needs, the mediating role of this practice was unclear. We also examined the generalizability of the findings and found generalizability to be limited due to the setting in Maine. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.     

数学学习障碍干预研究的取向及发展走向

目前干预研究成为数学学习障碍研究发展的主要方向。本文介绍了干预的认知、行为、同伴中介及辅助等四种基本研究取向,探讨了干预研究在内容、技术和方法上的发展走向,以推动数学学习障碍儿童干预的理论和实践研究的进一步发展。     

第三届国际数学教材研究与发展会议综述

2019年第三届国际数学教材研究与发展会议主要包括教材的研究理论、教材的开发、教材内容的呈现方式、教材的发展、教材的比较、数字教材等主题。通过对会议论文及会议发言的梳理,可以归纳出国际数学教材研究的最新观点、成果与方向,并为中国数学教材研究提供一定的借鉴。