函数与其反函数积分之间的关系

本揭示了严格单调边疆函数和积分、广义积分与其反函数积分之间的关系。利用这一关系，可给某些积分析计算带来方便。     

语言模糊现象中的语境研究

语境是语言交际中不可忽视的重要因素。本文着重从语境的功能角度出发探讨了语言中的模糊现象以及语境对它的解释功能。     

关于执行难问题的探讨

对人民法院生效的民事经济案件的判决 ,执行难是我国现阶段所特有的一种现象 ,本文中笔者指出了生效判决得不到执行的恶劣影响 ,并分析了执行难的原因 ,提出了一些建设性的对策。     

语义范畴模糊性的认知分析

语义模糊作为一种比较常见的语言现象,其根源在于人的认知差异。而范畴化作为人类类属划分的活动,也存在一定的模糊性。通过文献分析法和对比研究法,结合认知语言学中的家族相似性、原型范畴理论和基本层次范畴理论,从认知角度分析语义范畴的模糊性,可以为语义范畴模糊性的产生根源提供一些认知理据。     

西方古典哲学家论模糊性的本质

西方哲学史主要从本体论和认识论方面探讨了模糊性问题。古希腊朴素辩证法思想提出了模糊思维与辩证思维的关系问题,并孕育着现代多值逻辑的萌芽。近代哲学不仅确认了不确定性、模糊性现象的客观存在．而且进一步分析了“认识本身的模糊性”,并试图揭示其产生的内在机制。     

现代西方哲学家论模糊性的本质

伴随现代西方哲学的“语言的转向”, “语言的模糊性”得到深入探讨。皮尔斯是西方哲学史上确认“语言本身的模糊性”的第一位哲学家; 维特根斯坦强调语言确定性与模糊性的并存关系, 并试图将二者统一; 罗素从符号逻辑的水平上首次打破了古典逻辑的排中律, 开辟了形式化模糊逻辑或多值逻辑的研究道路。     

Passive avoidance in chicks as a function of differential rearing

Chickens were tested, following either communal or isolation rearing, on a passive avoidance task at ages ranging from 12 h to 5 days. Performance was poorer after isolation primarily due to lack of improvement in this group with increased test age. These results confirmed the influence of experience in the development of the maturation-dependent processes underlying passive avoidance. The possible nature of such processes was discussed, and an extension of the generally proposed model based on inhibitory control development was outlined, excessive arousal or stress being implicated in the emergence of such inhibition. The importance of such an analysis for more precise testing of the inhibitory model as previously proposed, and specific predictions from this interpretation based on present results, were discussed.     

论语言模糊性在国际商务谈判中的影响

模糊性,即语言的非精确性是语言的本质属性之,在国际商务谈判中,语言的使用更简洁,准确和严谨,但这并不是说模糊语言不能使用;在某些特定情况下,模糊语言的使用反而可以更准确的表达意图以此来提高谈判的交际效率。此外,还有助于获取商务谈判中的有利信息从而为自己争取主动。该论文将从语用角度分析商务谈判中所涉及到的模糊语言的运用及技巧。     

法律文本英译中精确性与模糊性的对立统一

经济全球化的形势下,中国法律文本的英译尤为迫切.法律工作翻译者在英译实践中常遇到的一对翻译的“悖论”即法律文本的精确性和模糊性.本文从语言学和语用学的角度探讨了二者辩证统一关系:相辅相成而并非绝对矛盾的.法律翻译工作者视具体情况使用本文提出的翻译技巧来处理模糊语的翻译,可以使译文更加准确得体.     

Psychology,market pressures,and pricing decisions in higher education: the case of the US private sector

Higher Education - We examine listed tuition and institutional aid practices within the US private sector, a sector where market pressures are relatively strong and consequently influence...     

Fertility, relative wages, and labor market decisions: A case of female teachers

This paper examines the effects of fertility and relative wages on occupational choice (teaching versus non-teaching) and labor force participation decisions of female college graduates using selectivity-corrected panel estimations.We find that the presence of a new born baby is not particularly important to the choice of occupation, but significantly discourages female labor force participation, especially among teachers. Higher relative wages are found to effectively attract female college graduates into teaching. College major in education is one of the most relevant determinants for female college graduates to become teachers. Though investing educational expenditures on teachers’ salary seems to be a valid policy, providing incentives for female college students to major in education will be an alterative way to secure teacher supply.     

Matching and oddity conditional discrimination in the goldfish as avoidance responses: Evidence for conceptual avoidance learning

Goldfish, trained in the avoidance shuttlebox with a variant of the linear discrimination procedure, learned to conditionally discriminate between color signals, both for the matching (M) and oddity (O) criterion forms. Transfer to assess the possibility of concept learning was also tested. In original learning, oddity-trained groups learned faster and reached higher conditional discrimination performance levels than did matching-trained groups. In transfer, various groups were tested with the same criterion (MM or OO) or a shifted criterion (MO or OM), and half of each group retained the same color signals and the remaining half had its color signals changed in transfer. Groups with the same criterion in original learning and transfer (MM or OO), regardless of signal colors, showed comparable positive transfer. Groups with their criterion shifted between original learning and transfer (MO or OM) showed comparable negative transfer, regardless of signal colors. Since both positive- and negative-transfer effects were independent of signal colors, it is clear that what was learned for one set of signal colors transferred to at least one other signal-color set. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that goldfish learned the original conditional discrimination at a conceptual level, and learned about the general matching or oddity relationships between colors, rather than about a specific set of colors.     

The impact of case characteristics on child abuse reporting decisions.

Drawing distinctions on the basis of at least some case characteristics in making reporting decisions makes considerable sense. Using data from a national survey of mandated reporters that included vignettes in which case and personal characteristics were systematically varied, this paper examines the impact of selected characteristics while controlling for others. The data reveal that respondents noticed and responded to case characteristics. Abuse-relevant judgments and reporting intentions varied, often substantially, as a function of case characteristics. Three case characteristics--previous abuse, severity of abuse, and recantation--were powerful predictors of vignette outcomes. A history of previous abuse led to judgments of greater seriousness, a more salutary impact of a report, and greater likelihood of reporting. More severe abuse was more likely to be labelled as abuse, and was more likely to be reported. When the alleged victim retracted her accusation upon questioning by an authority figure, respondents were significantly less likely to intend a report. Child age, perpetrator intent and family socioeconomic status also influenced abuse-relevant judgments and reporting intentions. Respondents were more likely to intend a report when younger children, lazy or angry perpetrators and children from poorer families were portrayed.     

空间的变迁：西方绘画发展中的空间建构

空间建构是绘画艺术的主要表现手段之一，在绘画发展过程中人们一直没有停止对绘画空间的关注和探索，而不同代，不同艺术家对绘画空间的不同理解导致了风格的不断变化，促进了绘画艺术的发展，本试以空间建构为着眼点，探索西方绘画从原始时期到20世纪现代主义在空间表现上的特点，并对其演变过程加以评述，通过研究比较，使人们清楚了解已有的空间建构方式及其变迁的轨迹，以利我们去开拓新的绘画空间。     

Developing mathematical knowledge for teaching in a methods course: the case of function

This study describes teacher learning in a teaching experiment consisting of a content-focused methods course involving the mathematical knowledge for teaching function. Prospective and practicing teachers in the course showed growth in their ability to define function, to provide examples of functions and link them to the definition, in the connections they could make between function representations, and to consider the role of definition in mathematics and the K-12 classroom. Written assessments, interview data, and class discourse analyses illustrate how the course supported the development of mathematical knowledge that built on individual teachers’ prior knowledge as well as the development of a stronger collective understanding of function.     

The role of motor experience in understanding action function: the case of the precision grasp

Recent evidence suggests adults and infants selectively attend to features of action, such as how a hand contacts an object. The current research investigated whether this bias stems from infants' processing of the functional consequences of grasps: understanding that different grasps afford different future actions. A habituation paradigm assessed 10-month-old infants' (N = 62) understanding of the functional consequences of precision and whole-hand grasps in others' actions, and infants' own precision grasping abilities were also assessed. The results indicate infants understood the functional consequences of another's grasp only if they could perform precision grasps themselves. These results highlight a previously unknown aspect of early action understanding, and deepen our understanding of the relation between motor experience and cognition.     

Interference with avoidance behavior as a function of qualitative properties of inescapable shocks

Temporal form (continuous vs. pulsating) and shock source (alternating current vs. direct current) were factorially combined to produce four shock treatments. The effects of inescapable presentations of these stimuli on subsequent avoidance response acquisition were measured in dogs (Experiment 1) and in rats (Experiment 2) and revealed an interaction of shock variables. Initially, all groups that received ac shock showed impaired performance for the pulsating and continuous shock conditions; groups that received dc continuous shock were also impaired, while those that received dc pulsating shock were not. While this pattern of interference persisted for dogs, it was transient in rats, with only the ac continuous-shock group continuing to be impaired. Mean avoidance performance were positively related to mean activity levels during inescapable shocks for the dc shock groups but not for the ac shock groups.     

案例教学在《公共教育学》课程中的作用初探

本文从案例教学的界定入手,阐明了《公共教育学》课程中应用案例教学的基本作用,它不仅有利于教师专业素养的提升,而且案例教学符合学生的认知发展规律,对于提高学生发现、分析和解决教育实际问题发挥着非常重要的作用。     

基于LabVIEW Robotics移动式探测车避障功能设计

以LabVIEW Robotics Starter Kit 2.0硬件平台为基础,结合LabVIEW辅助工具包,设计了具有避障功能的移动探测车。上位机与下位机通信采用串口通信方式,以LabVIEW 2015为主软件,将Robotics2015、Sensors、FPGA、Real-Time、Processing Targets等辅助工具包嵌入到主软件,通过在LabVIEW Robotics2015软件编程设置移动探测车手动启停、自动避障功能。测试表明:该平台的搭建不仅可以实现移动探测车避障功能,而且有利于编程简单化和减少工作量。