任务型教学法在大学英语教学中的运用

任务型英语教学法是指以意义为中心,以完成交际任务为教学目标的英语教学方法.它可以分为真实性和教学型任务.本文以笔者的教学经历及实际课堂教学任务的设计为例,从任务的定义、类型、基本特征、教学模式的设计和结构等几个方面探讨了如何在英语教学中渗透任务型教学法的理念,进而增强大学英语教学的实用性,提高学生的语言交际能力.     

一种改进的启发式网格任务调度算法

互联网技术的发展，硬件技术和通信技术的进步 共同加快了计算机领域前进的步伐。20世纪80年代 出现了并行计算，支持同步的算法、程序和体系结构相 继被开发。随后出现了分布计算，它要求各个处理机 之间能够协同计算，通过处理机间的通信共同解决问 题。网格计算技术的发展适     

A closer look at integrated writing tasks: Towards a more focussed definition for assessment purposes

The use of integrated tasks is increasingly common in second language assessment in both high stakes and classroom contexts. However, because of the vague definition of what constitutes an integrated task, the types of tasks included in this area and the assessment of the resulting writing is highly varied. In this paper, we argue for a better definition of the term ‘integrated writing task’. We start by reviewing current definitions available in the literature, discuss the construct underlying integrated tasks and then propose a number of features which we feel need to be present in integrated tasks. We then propose a new, narrower definition of the term. We hope that this will result in better task design, improved assessment outcomes for test takers, more detailed test specifications, better replicability of research and a shared research agenda.     

Becoming numerate with information and communications technologies in the twenty‐first century

This article draws on data from a three‐year Australian Research Council‐funded study that examined the ways in which young children become numerate in the twenty‐first century. We were interested in the authentic problem‐solving contexts that we believe are required to create meaningful learning. This being so, our basic tenet was that such experiences should involve the use of information and communications technologies (ICT) where relevant, but not in tokenistic ways. This article highlights learning conditions in which young children can become numerate in contemporary times. We consider ‘academic’ or ‘school‐based’ mathematical tasks in the context of a Mathematical Tasks Continuum. This continuum was conceptualised to enable focused and detailed thinking about the scope and range of mathematical tasks that young children are able to engage within contemporary school contexts. The data from this study show that most of the tasks the children experienced in early years mathematics classes were unidimensional in their make up. That is, they focus on the acquisition of specific skills and then they are practiced in disembedded contexts. We suggest that the framework created in the form of the Mathematical Tasks Continuum can facilitate teachers’ thinking about the possible ways in which they could extend children’s academic work in primary school mathematics, so that the process of becoming numerate becomes more easily related to authentic activities that they are likely to experience in everyday life.     

普通物理实验教材的新体系构想

建议大学普通物理实验教材按实验课题进行编排实验内容,建立新的实验教材体系.     

Using emotional intelligence in an EFL integrated writing assessment

The use of integrated writing tasks instead of traditional impromptu writing-only tasks is gaining ground in the teaching and assessment of EFL/ESL writing. Source text as the distinct feature of the integrated writing and the concern to improve its quality for the enhanced students' engagement has been a fertile line of inquiry. In this regard, the present study used a body of 67 Iranian intermediate EFL learners in three modalities: emotionalized reading-to-write (ERW) group which received emotionally-loaded source texts along with the emotional activities based on Goleman's Emotional Intelligence framework, reading-to-write (RW) group which developed their essays based on the texts with no focus on their emotional content and a writing-only (WO) group as the control group which followed the traditional writing procedure. The findings showed that ERW group outperformed RW group on the integrated writing tasks. In addition, ERW group performed better than the RW and WO on the overall independent writing task. Furthermore, the emotional intelligence of the students in the ERW group improved more than that of the RW and WO groups in the study. The study discusses that the emotional content of the source text followed by the emotionalized activities would significantly enhance the learners’ engagement with the source text in the reading-to-write tasks and consequently improve their writing. The implications and suggestions for further research are next discussed.     

高等院校在教育信息化进程中的任务

随着教育信息化进程的加快,高校必将成为社会信息化发展的排头兵。在信息化建设发展中,高校不但要实现自身信息化建设的目标,同时要带动社会信息化的尽快发展。因此,高校在信息化建设中面临基础建设,信息技术与教学要素整合以及扩大社会开放程度,增强信息交往能力等三大任务。     

Conceptualizing teachers' understanding of students' mathematical learning by using assessment tasks*

The study was designed to support teachers on conceptualizing their understanding of students' learning by the use of assessment tasks. A school-based assessment team consisting of the researcher and four third-grade teachers teaching in the same school was set up as a learning context of supporting teachers in developing assessment tasks integral to instruction. The assessment tasks along with students' responses to the task, classroom observations, interviews, routine weekly meetings, teachers' weekly reflective journals, and students' responses to the assessment tasks were the data collected in the study. The teachers' views of using assessment tasks and the generation of assessment tasks were developed in the course of the study. In the process of generating assessment tasks, teachers improved their awareness of students' various solutions and learning difficulties to a specific problem, their awareness of the importance of developing students' critical thinking, and their awareness of where students need to make a remedial instruction. The research reported in the paper was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant NSC 90-2521-S134-003-. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the view of funding agency.     

英语听力教学中的真实性语料与真实性任务

《大学英语课程教学要求》和大学英语四、六级网考对非英语专业大学生在真实语境中的听力理解能力提出更高的要求,明确了大学英语的教学目标是在真实场景中的交际能力。在大学英语听力课中迫切需要引入真实语料,并在课堂中实施真实性交际任务。本研究介绍了真实语料的定义和特点,提出大学英语真实任务型教学的三个关键环节,为教师选编语料,实施课堂教学提供依据。     

课堂任务的步骤化与语言交际能力的获得

在英语语言教学中，以任务为中心的教学模式得到了广泛的传播和运用。该领域的研究皆表明课堂语言教学任务的实施对外语学习的学习成绩起到了积极的作用。本通过个案分析探讨如何通过成功地实施课堂任务以达到提高学生语言交际能力的目的。     

Predicting human judgments of essay quality in both integrated and independent second language writing samples: A comparison study

This study explores whether linguistic features can predict second language writing proficiency in the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL iBT) integrated and independent writing tasks and, if so, whether there are differences and similarities in the two sets of predictive linguistic features. Linguistic features related to lexical sophistication, syntactic complexity, cohesion, and basic text information were investigated in relation to the writing scores for both integrated and independent samples. The results of this study show that linguistic features can be used to significantly predict essay scores in the integrated as well as the independent writing. When comparing across the two writing tasks, there are both similarities and differences in the two sets of predictive features. For instance, lexical sophistication was found to be a significant predictor for both tasks while features such as verbs in 3rd person singular form and semantic similarity were only significant predictors for the integrated task. These findings demonstrate that evaluation of the two writing tasks rely on similar and distinct features, and are at least partially assessed using different linguistic criteria. Implications of these findings for the assessment of second language (L2) writing are also discussed.     

Pointing to parallels in ability-related differences in the use of metacognition in academic and psychomotor tasks

This paper offers a brief review of the use of metacognition by proficient and poor performers in academic and psychomotor tasks as well as highlights the parallels and provides directions for future research. Metacognition is knowledge about one's own cognitive processes [Flavell, J.H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906–911.]. To date, the study of the use of metacognition by children with different levels of abilities (from those having a learning disability to those identified as gifted) has been mostly restricted to the cognitive abilities in academic areas such as reading, writing, or mathematics. The structure of knowledge has been more extensively explored in the expertise literature in the performance of both academic and psychomotor tasks. Similarities have been noted in the characteristic differences between experts and novices in both these types of tasks. Studies have begun to explore the use of metacognition in psychomotor tasks such as key strokes, ball throwing–catching, and running. It seems that, as with the structure of knowledge, parallels also exist in the use of metacognition by poor and proficient performers in academic and psychomotor tasks.     

分省命题之阅读试题长度分析——以2006年高考英语试卷为例

以2006年高考16套英语试卷样本与当年3套全国卷比较分析发现:分省卷中阅读理解试题长度普遍高于全国卷,分省卷和全国卷中不同长度阅读任务的排列不尽合理,不同长度阅读试题的分布与地域性教育水平并不相符,分省卷中每分需要考生处理的词数大多高于全国卷。由此,对于具有命题权的各省市来说,命制高考英语阅读试题时,应在长度方面给学生以提高的空间。     

英语精读课教学中的任务型教学活动设计

从英语的教学现状来看，语言知识的学习非常零 散，教师想要教的内容学生并没有学到，或者学生不 能自如地运用所学的知识去进行交谈、阅读等实际的 活动，原因之一就是没有给学生一定机会整合语言。 传统的语言教学的劣势是教师想输人给学生尽可能多 的语言知识，而疏忽了学生     

从语言测试的真实性看TEM4听力的真实性

听力测试是语言测试中必不可少的部分,因而其真实性直接影响语言测试的真实性。听力测试的真实性主要体现为测试材料的真实性和测试任务的真实性。本文以语言测试的真实性为理论依托,试论专业英语四级测试中（TEM4）听力题型的真实性,指出TEM4听力题型应适度增加主观题,使受试者完成非言语性的交际任务。     

基于典型工作任务的核心能力建设方案研究

本文旨在研究基于典型工作任务的专业核心能力建设方案问题。通过对指导课程体系或学习方案设计方面三种理论的分析和研究,和对计算机系统维护专业的"建网用网管网"专业核心能力分析,构建出符合高职计算机系统维护专业的课程体系建设和改革方案。     

提升英语学习成效的课堂自主学习策略探析

自主学习策略是提升英语学习成效的有效策略之一。自主学习是学习者对自己学习的自觉负责,它具有同是教育之目标与手段的重要性。单元任务可以为自主学习策略教学提供与常规教学相结合的训练,同时,单元任务还可以为自主学习策略教学提供所需要的实践空间与时间。概言之,单元任务为在我国中小学英语教学中培养学生自主学习能力提供了可能的策略教学形式。     

记笔记对不同任务类型的影响的实证研究

通过调查某大学30名英语专业四年级学生的记笔记行为，试图揭示记笔记的两大功能（解码功能和外储存功能）对不同类型的任务表现（近迁移和远迁移）的影响。实验表明：记笔记与不记笔记（解码功能）对近迁移和远迁移任务表现没有显著影响，复习笔记与不复习笔记（外储存功能）对近迁移任务没有显著影响，但对远迁移任务却有显著的消极作用；还讨论了该结果对英语教学的启示，包括对考生参加含有记笔记任务的测试的指导意义等。     

Calibrating assessment literacy through benchmarking tasks

Abstract

In calibration tasks students assess exemplar texts using criteria against which their own work will be assessed. Typically, these tasks are used in the context of training for peer assessment. Little research has been conducted on the benefits of calibration tasks, such as benchmarking, as learning opportunities in their own right. This paper examines a dataset from a long-running benchmarking task (～500 students per semester, for four semesters). We investigate the relationship of benchmarking performance to other student outcomes, including ability to self-assess accurately. We show that students who complete the benchmarking perform better, that there is a relationship between benchmarking performance and self-assessment performance, and that students appreciate the support for learning that benchmarking tasks provide. We discuss implications for teaching and learning flagging the potential of calibration tasks as an under-explored tool.