The Future of Professional Engineers in the Public Service

The last two decades have not been kind to professional engineers in the public service. Numbers have been slashed, their status has declined and engineering advice does not carry the weight it once did. While it has been said that non-engineers do not appreciate the benefits of engineering advice, part of the reason for this is that engineers themselves and the engineering profession have taken a low-key approach to promoting the benefits of engineering advice. If engineers want to have a positive future in the public sector, this attitude needs to change. Engineers and the engineering profession need to be proactive in promoting the benefits of sound engineering advice, professional judgment and the skills of engineers. This paper suggests a number of ways of accomplishing these goals.     

中国智能网联汽车产业人才需求预测研究

为科学预测智能网联汽车（ICV）人才需求,采用定性与定量研究相结合的方法,确定ICV产业人才的结构,明确以研发技术人才为预测对象,构建分层级多指标的ICV人才需求预测模型,基于情景分析,得出未来5年ICV产业人才的需求量,并分析ICV产业不同类型研发技术人才以及不同业务模块人才的需求差异。     

科技人员收入分配差距问题研究——以江苏省徐州、扬州和常州三城市为例

在江苏省委组织部"333工程"课题组的<江苏省科技人员收入差距调查研究及政策建议>调查所得数据的基础上,分析了苏北(以徐州为例)、苏中(以扬州为例)、苏南(以常州为例)地区的科技人员的收入分配差距,并通过对比,研究了多个因素对三个地区的科技人员对所在企事业的收入分配差距的主观评价的差异,得到了一系列富有启示意义的结论.最后提出了相应的政策建议.     

桩承式加筋路堤技术与复合地基

桩承式加筋路堤技术相对于传统地基处理技术是一种比较新的形式,近几年在国内得到越来越广泛的应用。它与复合地基有很多相似之处,但又不同与复合地基,两者容易混淆。本文从不同侧面,讲述了它们之间的联系和区别,为区分这两种基础形式,进而更合理地利用它们,提供一些有益的参考。     

Job satisfaction patterns of scientists and engineers by status of birth

The latest figures published by the Science and Engineering Indicators report reveals that in 2003, 33% of faculty in science and engineering departments at research universities were foreign-born, a number that has more than doubled in thirty years. Foreign-born faculty members comprise an important part of the scientific enterprise that has been understudied. The purpose of this study is to examine the job satisfaction patterns of scientists and engineers by status of birth using a very large and comprehensive National Science Foundation (NSF) dataset, the Survey of Doctoral Recipients (SDR). The results of the study indicate that foreign-born scientists and engineers are less satisfied in several areas of their work life as compared to their US-born peers.     

工程风险的伦理评价

关注工程风险,维护工程安全是工程师的首要义务和基本责任。但工程师关注工程风险常遭遇伦理困境。伦理困境的凸显是由主客观方面原因造成的,而伦理困境的解决则不仅需要加强工程风险管理,促进工程师与管理者等工程共同体的合作与协商,更需要促进公众参与,加强工程安全文化建设。     

“Privacy by Design” implementation: Information system engineers’ perspective

In privacy information security literature, Privacy by Design (PbD) is recognized as a positive protection paradigm capable of providing higher privacy protection throughout information products’ entire lifetime. It is becoming the dominant privacy protection pattern. Considered to be a promising development tendency towards the information industry, it is garnering interest among researchers and professionals. However, PbD still lacks specific implementation instructions, and it is not popularized among information system engineers. Weighing the pros and cons leads to information system engineers’ uncertainty regarding PbD adoption, since existing research on the linkage between PbD implementation and information system engineers’ individual factors is inconclusive. Through the lenses of information system engineers, this study aims to advance implementation of PbD by exploring the influence factors of individual and organizational contexts. Real data from 253 practitioners in China’s IT industry were used to understand the antecedent of PbD implementation and interaction effects among different dimensions of engineers’ adopting behaviors. The findings have demonstrated that appropriate incentive mechanism is a critical factor in PbD implementation by promoting engineer’s social influence regarding PbD usage and further affecting both their intentions about adopting PbD and implementing action. This study reveals, for the first time, the role of incentive mechanism in advancing PbD implementation from the information system engineer perspective, and contributes to a deeper understanding of the determinants of PbD adoption by providing a holistic theoretical lens. The findings provide theoretical guidance to IT organizations with guidelines on PbD implementation for higher privacy information protection performance of products.     

工程监理保险的资产负债管理

首先介绍了ALM产生的背景及其发展,然后对ALM模型进行了相关论证。考虑到中国保险业投资渠道的发展现状和工程监理保险实务,在此基础上最终建立起了ALM模型。     

女性主观偏好对我国科技界性别分层的影响

 在科技界,男女科学家在产出和地位方面的差异是显著存在的,而且随着年龄的增长,男女科学家发表成果的差别越来越大。对造成男女科学家地位和成就分化原因的研究一直成为研究的焦点。本文在2006-2007年的问卷调查基础上,从科技女性主观价值偏好的视角,对此问题进行了解读。研究发现：主观偏好具有重要的影响;同时,在职业发展的不同阶段,科技女性主观价值取向与男性相比呈现不同的变化趋势。该结果从一个新的角度对我国科技界性别分层现象进行了解释。     

Sex,Cannibals, and the Language of Cool: Indonesian Tales of the Phone and Modernity

In Indonesia mobile technology has come at the end of 35 years of the Suharto regime, and in its aftermath an era of new openness. Not surprisingly mobile phones are by many Indonesians associated with the new freedoms of this post-1998 period, facilitating newly emergent youth cultures, a hip mobile lifestyle as well as experiments with novel sexual identities. In a country characterized by stark contrasts—between center and periphery, city and countryside, and the rich and the poor—this has at the same time resulted in an uneven spread of technology, and thus in the coexistence of very diverse cellular markets. Through deliberating the pros and cons of mobile technology, new possibilities the phone seems to offer, and the often creative solutions people find in gaining access to mobility, it is shown how Indonesians try coming to terms with the otherwise abstract notion of (post)modernity.     

黄河宁蒙段洪水过程变化特点

采用Pettitt法和里海哈林法（Lee-Heghinian）检验了流量年际变化中的突变现象,所得到的突变点将宁蒙河段年径流过程划分为三个阶段,即：1969年前;1969年-1986年;1986年以后。分析了三个阶段洪水过程的各自特点,结果显示：1969年前洪水峰型相对多尖瘦,常为多峰型;1969年-1986年洪水过程的特点和前一时期相比,洪水峰型变胖,多为单峰型。1986年以后主要为中小洪水,中小洪水矮胖,洪峰低,历时长。从气候变化、支流来水、灌溉引水、水利工程影响等四个方面分析了洪水变化的原因,发现人类活动（水库修建、灌溉引水）是造成宁蒙河段洪水年内、年际变化的主要原因。气候变化在一定程度上减少了宁蒙河段的来水量,支流对宁蒙河段水量变化影响微弱。     

中国制造业绿色发展的锁定形成机理及解锁模式

在对Arthur等技术锁定研究评述的基础上,从产业内部技术锁定、制度锁定与市场锁定三个方面分析了三者对制造业绿色发展的锁定效应,并探索了制造业绿色发展锁定形成机理。中国制造业绿色发展需要绿色技术研发并商业化以及相关制度等配套建设,才能最终实现绿色技术体制对原有非绿色技术体制的替代。基于绿色技术、制度创新与市场培育协同演进,提出中国制造业绿色发展的解锁模式,并建立了制造业绿色发展运作模式。     

船舶类高校“卓越工程师”培养计划的研究与进展

“卓越工程师”计划自2010年6月启动以来．先后有194所高校被列入试点名单．其中有5所高校的船舶与海洋工程专业纳入试点,分别是天津大学、哈尔滨工程大学、武汉理工大学、上海海事大学和江苏科技大学。经过1—2年的研究与实施．相关高校在“卓越工程师”培养方面都积累大量的理论和实践经验,高校问的相互交流,相互促进．必定能为我国船舶行业“卓越工程师”培养打下坚实的基础。     

Engineers and the Web: An analysis of real life gaps in information usage

Engineers face a wide range of gaps when trying to identify, acquire, and utilize information from the Web. To be able to avoid creating such gaps, it is essential to understand them in detail. This paper reports the results of a study of the real life gaps in information usage processes of 17 engineers. Using the critical incident interviewing technique, 65 examples of information usage processes were uncovered. An inductive analysis of these data, using the constant comparison method, yields five classes of identification gaps, of acquisition gaps, and of utilization gaps. Within these fifteen gap classes, 79 types of information usage gaps are identified. The results of this study confirm and extend existing studies on information usage gaps. Future research should examine whether such gaps need to be bridged and, if so, how they could be bridged.     

The international telecommunication regime in the information age

This paper examines recent changes in the international telecommunication regime. The concept of an international regime comes from the field of international relations. Although it is not universally accepted, one of the most widely supported definitions describes an international regime as, ‘implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules, and decision‐making procedures around which actors’ expectations converge in a given area of international relations'.¹ The ‘given area’ of concern here is telecommunication. Telecommunication and the principles, norms, rules and decision‐making procedures which are relevant to it at the international level—which have been studied extensively by communications and development economics scholars²—have only rarely been the focus of international relations scholars.³ The objective of this paper is to use tools from the study of international relations to explore subject matter that has more frequently been the focus of scholars in communications, development economics, and information economics.     

推进卓越工程基础教育集训基地建设与发展研究

以教育部开展实施“卓越工程师教育培养计划”为背景,浅议目前国内高等院校工程教育存在的一些问题,并以上海理工大学为例,结合该校十二五发展规划,介绍了在培养卓越工程技术人才方面的一些探索,最后就如何推进卓越工程基础教育集训基地建设与发展所采取的措施进行了介绍。     

浅谈青年教师实施卓越工程师计划

高校青年教师的教学能力对培养卓越工程师起着重要的作用。本文以卓越工程师的内涵为培养目标,探讨青年高校教师如何提高自身实践能力和教学方法,如何培养卓越工程师。     

Blinded by the sun: The role of prosumers as niche actors in incumbent firms’ adoption of solar power during sustainability transitions

While extant research discusses how niche innovations develop in protected market niches and trigger regime shifts along sustainability transition pathways, we know less about the direct role of different niche actors as competitors in affecting regime incumbents’ investments in niche innovations. This study addresses this gap and builds on Strategic Niche Management and the Multi-level Perspective to distinguish two different niche actors: prosumers on the demand-side applying a niche innovation in a disruptive way to regime incumbents’ business model, and new entrants on the supply-side applying the niche innovation symbiotically with the regime. We examine incumbent responses to these different niche actors in different competitive and policy environments. Studying the United States’ electricity industry's sustainability transition toward solar from 2010-2017, we find that as more niche actors enter, regime incumbents are more likely to invest in the niche innovation, but the effect is influenced by policy and competitiveness of the environment. In competitive environments, incumbents are more likely to respond to disruptive niche actors (prosumers), while in traditional monopoly-like markets they are more likely to respond to symbiotic niche actors. We also find that the prosumer effect is stronger when the time that policies in support of the niche innovation have existed is shorter, indicating a potential substituting relationship of niche actors and policy. Our work contributes to the extant literature by demonstrating that the interplay between different niche actors needs to be understood within the context of policy, and that considering policy without accounting for the competitive environment may omit an important aspect of how regime actors become active participants in sustainability transitions.     

论职业健康安全制度的路径选择——石油企业个案分析

对建立职业健康及安全制度的制约因素进行探析,研究表明,利益博弈以及制度缺陷是建立职业健康及安全制度的最主要制约因素。对石油行业HSE管理体系从应然走向实然的路径选择提出具体建议:应在石油行业嵌入正式法律制度,将HSE管理体系与职业健康安全法律制度兼容并包地结合起来,并在建立职业健康及安全法律制度的过程中正确选择制度变迁的路径并不断调整路径方向,使之沿着不断增强和优化的轨迹演进,避免陷入制度锁定状态。     

基于卓越工程师培养的机械专业VB课程项目教学法探索

卓越工程师培养要求着重培养学生的创新和实践能力.本文针对传统VB课程教学中存在的问题、结合机械学科专业特点、探讨了VB课程中引入项目教学法的改革思路,并给出了相应的具体措施.