基于公平与效率视角的农地整理后期管护的制度绩效研究

农地整理的后期管护对于延长农地整理建成设施的生命周期,提高土地资源利用效率,促进农地整理项目的可持续发展有着重要的意义。本文从公平与效率视角出发,运用结构方程模型对农地整理后期管护制度绩效与制度公平、制度效率的内在作用机制进行探析,试图为管护制度的完善和农地整理后期管护的可持续发展提供一定理论依据。研究结果表明：①制度公平与制度效率分别在1%、5%的统计水平上正向显著作用于制度绩效,制度公平与制度效率的相关系数为0.81,本文的3个假说均得到验证;②管护主体选择方式、管护人员充足程度、村民社交改善程度分别对制度绩效、制度公平、制度效率总效应最大,效应值分别为0.83、0.68、0.82;③模型运行结果具有稳健性,在“搭便车”行为的作用下,制度公平对制度绩效的影响更加显著。最后,建议推进管护主体选择方式多元化,推动项目区管护人员数量与素质的规范化管理,同时加强农民管护参与平台和机制建设,促进项目区农民相互沟通与交流。     

A resource-based view on the interactions of university researchers

The high value of collaboration among scientists and of interactions of university researchers with industry is generally acknowledged. In this study we explain the use of different knowledge networks at the individual level from a resource-based perspective. This involves viewing networks as a resource that offers competitive advantages to an individual university researcher in terms of career development. Our results show that networking and career development are strongly related, but it is important to distinguish between different types of networks. Although networks on various levels (faculty, university, scientific, industrial) show strong correlations, we found three significant differences. First, networking within one's own faculty and with researchers from other universities stimulates careers, while interactions with industry do not. Second, during the course of an academic career a researcher's scientific network activity first rises, but then declines after about 20 years. Science-industry collaboration, however, continuously increases. Third, the personality trait ‘global innovativeness’ positively influences science-science interactions, but not science-industry interactions.     

广西农村土地整治中土地权属调整方案研究

自我国农村土地整治工作开始以来,全国大部分地区的农村土地整治工作都进入了白热化阶段,也有部分地区因为资金缺乏或因地块变动后的权属等各种问题得不到解决而进度较慢。据广西上林县国土局和广西壮族自治区国土厅相关工作人员介绍,目前广西区内很多地方的土地整治工作就因土地权属变动问题得不到解决而迟迟没有大的进展。文章针对这一问题从当地的土地权属现状进行分析,试图找出合理的方案来解决土地整理后的土地权属问题。     

中国农村土地流转探析

论文在深入分析了中国农村土地流转的必要性、流转现状及流转过程中存在问题的基础上，提出相应的对策建议：遵循农村土地流转原则，进行土地流转宣传引导，完善土地流转机制，创新土地流转模式，加强土地流转规范化管理，建立土地流转中介服务组织，深化农村社会管理体制改革，积极开展土地流转试点工作。     

心理学视域中的科学意象研究

科学意象作为一种心理图像,在科学创造和科学认知过程中具有重要的功能和作用。文章在科学史和科学哲学对科学意象的研究基础上,从心理学的角度对科学意象的有关研究进行了综述,评介了科学意象的个体心理差异性研究以及科学活动中科学意象的心理实验研究。     

基于深度图像的视点绘制新方法

针对虚拟视点合成中存在的伪影和空洞问题,提出一种基于深度图像的视点绘制新方法.该方法首先使用视点同步生成机制得到虚拟视点的图像和深度信息,并根据深度信息擦除背景伪影;其次,通过基于深度的空洞填补和边界处理方法进一步消除视点图像中的空洞和前景边缘失真.实验结果表明,与MPEG 的3DV/FTV标准参考方法相比,该方法生成的虚拟视点PSNR值提高了2dB.     

Beyond topicality: A two stage view of relevance and the retrieval process

Topicality is an operationally necessary but insufficient condition for requestor judged relevance. Documents are independent of one another as to any judgement of their topicality but not independent as to any judgement of their relevance which is a function of their informativeness to a requestor. Recall depends solely upon topicality but precision depends upon informativeness as well.A retrieval system which aspires to the retrieval of relevant documents should have a second stage which will order the topical set in a manner so as to provide maximum informativeness to the requestor. Should a system be concerned only with topicality then a two stage system which generates a high recall set and discards imprecise documents by measuring their distance from a seed document can be iterated to provide topicality feedback without user input.     

A managerial view of the knowledge flows of a health-care system

A health system has various knowledge structures enabling its knowledge resources to be efficiently applied. The literature has covered the management of clinical health information fairly extensively, but less is known about managerial knowledge flows. To address this knowledge gap, a regional health system in Finland is studied and managerial knowledge flows categorized in order to provide a better understanding of the inter-organizational knowledge networks of a health system. The paper contributes by illustrating and concretizing the knowledge dynamics of a health system. The empirical examination reveals the complexity of managerial knowledge flows and identifies three main categories of these: (1) national information steering, (2) regional information steering, and (3) internal control information. These categories are further elaborated with the data gathered through observation, interviews, and process modelling. A better understanding and management of knowledge flows is expected to have a positive effect on the performance of the health system.     

辩证看待高校教师末位淘汰制

本文通过对高校教师末位淘汰制的利弊分析,提出高校实施教师末位淘汰制弊大于利,管理界应辨证看待末位淘汰制的观点。     

The user multifaceted expertise: Divergent effects of the website versus e-commerce expertise

Expertise is a key factor in user’s adaptation and evaluation of the IT artifact. To date however, research has widely disregarded the notion that expertise is multifaceted and, consequently, its effects should vary according to the facet measured. To address this gap, the present research shows the effects of a facet of expertise rarely studied – expertise with the artifact such as an e-commerce site (website expertise) – besides the effects of expertise with the artifact class (e-commerce expertise). It is stipulated that site expertise shapes the site use and acceptance differently and more profoundly than e-commerce expertise. The results show that users with low (vs. high) site expertise perceived the site as less easy to use, and their site acceptance was more (less) strongly influenced by the site information quality. Alternatively, e-commerce expertise played a different moderating role in the acceptance process, and users with low e-commerce expertise did not perceive the site as less easy to use. The results were replicated in a second study conducted in a different culture. The findings support the research main thesis that expertise is multifaceted and, therefore, considering the different facets is necessary to understand the process of user acceptance of the IT artifact.     

吴学周“计划科学”思想管窥

 揭示1942年吴学周拟定的《我国战后科学研究计划刍议》的主要内容,并分析该计划所反映的思想、思想的来源、背景和实质等。认为：吴学周是坚持“计划科学”的,他的计划限于应用科学并充分考虑计划中的“自由”,计划应该解决的问题首先是建立合理的科研机构体系,其次是各方的“合作”。《刍议》的理论来源有贝尔纳的“计划科学”理论,也有波兰尼的“科学自主性”理论,更有国内关于“计划经济”的争论作为基础。其实质是完善建制化的尝试,也是中国科学家首次运用计划理论对科学发展进行“计划”。计划中的机构体系是我国建国初期所采用的体系。其中对《科学的社会功能》的广泛运用,在我国科学学历史上具有重要意义。     

土地综合研究与土地资源工程

快速工业化、城镇化进程中,中国土地资源开发、利用与管理领域面临的问题日益突出,现有的土地资源学科知识积累、研究取向、技术手段,难以为破解重大现实问题提供有效支撑,加强土地资源工程研究与实践势在必行。论文提出了土地资源工程研究的主要目标与内容,开展了典型案例工程的实证分析,探讨了土地资源工程研究的地域模式及其作用。研究认为,土地资源工程是指对可供农林牧业或其他各业利用的土地资源进行调查评价、规划设计、开发整治、保护利用的综合性技术及其集成应用,通常包括土地资源的调查、评价、规划、设计、开发、整治、保护、利用等相关工程技术。新时期发展中国土地资源工程学,应注重土地资源工程的理论体系、区域诊断、技术方法、规范标准、运行模式、绩效评估、体制机制的综合研究,尤其针对当前土地资源的地域性、稀缺性、退化性、低效性问题,亟需加强多学科交叉与综合集成,强调公众参与、充分吸收地方化知识,研制面向区域、对象与问题的土地资源工程关键技术,探索构建多主体参与的行动者网络,全面创新有效推进土地资源工程发展的体制机制。