Incidental learning in mentally retarded children

Incidental learning of film content was investigated in institutionalized retarded children. In the first of two studies, 40 retardates at six IQ levels, three MA levels, and five CA levels were tested. In the second study, 21 Down's Syndrome, organic, and familial retardates were tested. The stimuli consisted of an 8‐minute film which was shown individually. All subjects were questioned on twenty incidental aspects of the film. In Experiment 1, a curvilinear relationship was found between incidental learning and IQ. Incidental learning improved with MA. A retest, taken 120 hours later, revealed a 10.9 percent loss of incidental learning. Higher IQ children showed the greatest loss. Experiment 2 reported no difference in incidental learning as a function of etiology of retardation. A retest showed a short term memory deficit in organic retardates and a significant loss of incidental learning in Down's Syndrome and familial retardates. Implications of these results were discussed in terms of structured teaching techniques.     

Neglected and abused children of mentally retarded parents

Sixty-four neglected and abused children with a mentally retarded parent seen from one to seven years earlier, were followed to determine placement outcomes. At the time of follow-up, 11 of 64 children remained with their low functioning parents. Six children had been relinquished voluntarily for adoption and courts had terminated parental rights for 34, resulting in a total of 40 who had been adopted. Nine children were in foster care at the time of the study; two had been awarded to their nonretarded parent following divorce; and two had died. All families had received public financial assistance and medical care and used an average of 10 other services per family. Because of their cognitive limitations, most of these retarded parents were unable to benefit sufficiently from community services to enable them to care for their children. These findings point up the need for a mechanism whereby the retarded adult's right to parent and the child's right to nurturance and protection may both be preserved. Until this dilemma can be resolved, decisions to terminate parental rights in such cases should be made more quickly.     

Sensitivity to orthographic structure in educable mentally retarded children

Thirty educable mentally retarded (EMR) children were presented an item selection task to assess their sensitivity to orthographic structure in printed English words. Analyses of performance indicated that EMR children do acquire implicit knowledge of orthographic rules and that this ability is related to the development of reading skills.     

皮亚杰认知发展理论对智力障碍儿童早期教育的启示

皮亚杰所提出的认知发展理论,将心理学与认识论相结合,在认知、同化、顺应、平衡的阶段中学习知识、发展智力,强调个体的主体性和环境互动的重要性,为智力障碍儿童早期教育的发展提供一定的理论基础和实践意义。     

言语行为理解和翻译

言语行为是语用学的理论,它对翻译有很强的指导作用,为翻译研究提供了新的视角,本文作者试着从对Austin言语行为的理解和对Searle的间接言语行为的理解两个角度来探讨翻译行为,希望译文读者在阅读时能够得到与原文读者相似的感受,这就要求译者在翻译的过程中,不仅能理解原文的字面意义,还要能推断出原作者的真正意图。实践表明,Austin的言语行为三分说和Searle的间接言语行为理论在翻译中有着广泛的应用。     

Correlates of the concept assessment kit-conservation for educable mentally retarded children

The relations of the CAK-C to the Stanford-Binet and the WRAT were explored for a sample of 155 educable mentally retarded children. Correlational analyses indicated that: (a) The CAK-C is more closely related to MA than to either CA or IQ. (b) Both Reading and Arithmetic are more closely related to MA than to the CAK-C. The results support the position that Piagetian intelligence is somewhat distinct from psychometric intelligence, but suggest that the latter is the better predictor of academic achievement.     

Reliability of the concept assessment kit-conservation for educable mentally retarded children

Internal consistency, alternate form, and stability coefficients for the CAK-C were obtained for a sample of 135 educable mentally retarded children. The internal consistency and alternate form coefficients appear to be acceptably high, and the stability coefficients, while appreciably lower, still suggest some degree of consistency over a year's time. The reliability of the CAK-C is judged to be satisfactory for EMR children.