Sylow定理的注记及其应用

Sylow定理作为研究群论特别是有限群的重要工具,对Sylow定理的深刻理解对从事有限群论的研究有着重要的意义。文章主要通过不同教材中关于Sylow定理的不同描述的比较来加深对Sylow定理的理解,并举例说明Sylow定理的应用。     

Mathematics

(1) Have a firm grasp of basic concepts, theorems, and formulas. Have a correct understanding of the relationship of various concepts and the relationship of various theorems. One should do one's best to memorize commonly used formulas in the natural process of operations rather than memorizing them in a lifeless, mechanical way. Become familiar with the process of deducing formulas while reviewing them.     

刚体转动动力学问题中的一题多解

在讨论刚体定轴转动一类动力学问题时,往往有许多不同的解法,可分别用牛顿第二定律、刚体定轴转动的转动定理、动能定理（或机械能守恒定律）、动量定理和角动量定理求解。进行一题多解的训练,不仅可以使学生对动力学有关定理的理解融会贯通,而且可以有效地培养他们的解题能力。     

"一致连续性"的几点注记

本文将数学分析中的"一致连续性"概念进行了进一步的认识,总结介绍有关函数一致连续的一些定理和命题.     

线性代数教学中加强几何直观教学的意义

讨论了在线性代数教学中加强几何直观教学的重要性,指出,线性代数的概念引入、定理的几何意义说明、定理应用等几个方面均可以给出几何意义的阐述;由此可以激发学生学习线性代数的兴趣,培养学生应用线性代数知识的能力。     

浅谈比较法在概率论教学中的作用

比较法是一种常用的数学思维方法,它能使学生在识同辨异的过程,加深对概念和定理的理解,还有助于发现问题,活跃思维,达到对事物的本质的认识。在概率论教学中,恰当的运用比较法教学,可以帮助学生加深对该课程的理解,并激发他们思考的积极性,从而提高教学质量。     

浅谈几何直观在线性代数中的作用

强调几何直观在线性代数中的作用以及在线性代数教学中应加强几何直观能力的培养,并从概念引入、性质理解、定理应用等几个方面加以举例说明。     

合情推理在高等数学学习中的作用

结合教学实践,从概念形成、定理掌握、问题解决等几个方面分析了合情推理在数学知识学习中．以及在分析问题和解决问题中的作用。认为在高等数学教学中充分利用合情推理的各种模式培养学生创新能力是非常必要的。     

Fluctuation Theorems of Work and Entropy in Hamiltonian Systems

Fluctuation theorems are a group of exact relations that remain valid irrespective of how far the system has been driven away from equilibrium. Other than having practical applications, like determination of equilibrium free energy change from nonequilibrium processes, they help in our understanding of the second law and the emergence of irreversibility from time-reversible equations of motion at microscopic level. A vast number of such theorems have been proposed in literature, ranging from Hamiltonian to stochastic systems, from systems in steady state to those in transient regime, and for both open and closed quantum systems. In this article, we discuss about a few such relations, when the system evolves under Hamiltonian dynamics.     

从系统论的角度探讨如何提高数学教学实效性

结合新课程教育教学改革实验,从系统论的几个基本属性出发,探讨将系统论的思想方法融入数学教学,使学生全面正确地理解、掌握数学的基本概念和定理,以激发学生的求知欲与学习热情,提高学生的数学思维能力,从而提高数学教学的实效性。     

Electrostatics in chemistry

Electrostatics plays an important role in weakintermolecular interactions. The present series is aimed at understanding these electrostatic aspects. This article presents the fundamental concepts of electrostatics as applied to atoms and molecules. The electric field and potential due to a set of discrete as well as continuous charge distributions are discussed along with their graphic visualization. Fundamental theorems in electrostatics are also summarized     

Apprehending Mathematical Structure: A Case Study of Coming to Understand a Commutative Ring

Abstract algebra courses tend to take one of two pedagogical routes: from examples of mathematics structures through definitions to general theorems, or directly from definitions to general theorems. The former route seems to be based on the implicit pedagogical intention that students will use their understanding of particular examples of an algebraic structure to get a sense of those properties which form the basis of the fundamental definitions. We will explain the transition from examples to abstract algebra as a series of shifts of attention and in this paper we will use a case study to examine the initial shift, which we will call apprehending a structure, and examine how one student came to apprehend the structure of the commutative ring Z₉₉.     

二阶曲线与二级曲线

本文分别用线几何和点几何的观点,讨论典型的常态二级曲线的产生、作图和线坐标方程的推导,并与相应的二阶曲线加以比较,以期为高等几何教学提供具体、生动的素材,并加深对射影几何一些重要定理的理解。     

对中学生数学认知结构建构途径的研究

学生数学认知结构的建构实质是指对数学概念、定理、公式和命题的理解,以及蕴涵其中的思想、方法的掌握和运用。学生数学学习的过程,实际上就是学生自身数学认知结构的不断搭建和完善的过程,是学生数学思维能力不断拓展和发展的过程。本文试就学生数学认知结构的建构过程中的一些途径和操作方法作一些探讨和总结。     

Hilbert空间中非扩张映射的不动点定理

利用Hilbert空间非扩张映射非线性二择一性质,得到非扩张映射的2个不动点定理,这些定理推广了著名的R0th定理和Petryshyn定理及文中的定理5至定理9．     

Advanced Linear Algebra: A Call for the Early Introduction of Complex Numbers

Abstract

A second course in linear algebra that goes beyond the traditional lower-level curriculum is increasingly important for students of the mathematical sciences. Although many applications involve only real numbers, a solid understanding of complex arithmetic often sheds significant light. Many instructors are unaware of the opportunities afforded by the early introduction of complex arithmetic. Most elementary properties of complex numbers have immediate matrix analogues and many important theorems can be deduced, or at least postulated, from the basics of complex arithmetic alone.     

建构思维及其培养

数学是关于思维的科学,建构思维是指发现或发明数学概念、定理、公式和命题以及形成蕴涵于其中的数学思想、方法的个人认识.建构思维的培养有助于培养学生的创新精神,促进学生对数学知识的理解.建构思维包括外源建构思维、内源建构思维和辩证建构思维.     

平面四边形有向面积的两个定理及其应用

本文给出平面四边形有向面积的两个定理 ,并利用这两个定理得到四边形的若干新结果和四边形的两个著名的定理     

What Makes the Foucault Pendulum Move among the Stars?

Foucault’s pendulum exhibition in 1851 occurred in an era now known by development of the theorems of Coriolis and the formulation of dynamical meteorology by Ferrel. Yet today the behavior of the pendulum is often misunderstood. The existence of a horizontal component of Newtonian gravitation is essential for understanding the behavior with respect to the stars. Two simple mechanical principles describe why the path of oscillation is fixed only at the poles; the principle of centripetal acceleration and the principle of conservation of angular momentum. A sky map is used to describe the elegant path among the stars produced by these principles.     

微分中值定理及其应用

运用推广与收缩的观点阐述了微分中值定理之间的关系,讨论了微分中值定理在微分学中的地位与作用,介绍了微分中值定理在解题中的应用.