The ADA approach: retro-archiving data in an academic environment

This article concentrates on the retro-archiving of older digital research data. The ADA approach was developed and used to retro-archive older data files, most of which were between 10 and 30 years old. The origin and main characteristics of the ADA approach are described in the second section of the article. The third section discusses two recent data-archiving pilot projects that were conducted in the Netherlands. The first of these projects, the ADA project, laid the foundation for the ADA approach, which was subsequently applied and tested again in the second project, eDNA, which focused on archaeological data. The final section of the article provides a comparison of the results of these two projects.

我国档案数据管理研究综述

近年来,档案数据管理成为档案学研究中的一个新的关注点。本文从档案数据管理的内涵与对象、面临的困境、应对措施三方面对我国档案数据管理的研究成果进行评述,认为未来我国档案数据管理研究内容中需要关注以下几个问题:档案数据管理向档案数据治理的转变、档案数据化的技术体系与推进策略以及档案数据开放相关问题。同时在研究方法上注重多学科视角与跨领域合作。     

从数据备份走向数据保全:基于凭证效力维护视角的电子档案保管

本文回顾了中国电子档案长期保存工作的历程,并从目的性出发加以审视,指出传统备份方式存在的瓶颈,引入电子档案数据保全理念,阐述基于电子凭证效力维护的电子档案长期安全保管模式,以期为档案业务部门开展电子档案长期保存提供参考.     

Migration to Intermediate XML for Electronic Data (MIXED)

MIXED is a digital preservation project. It uses a strategy of converting data to intermediate XML. In this paper we position this strategy with respect to the well-known emulation and migration strategies. Then we detail the MIXED strategy and explain why it is an optimized, economical way of migration. Finally, we describe how DANS is implementing a software tool that can perform the migrations needed for this strategy.     

DEVELOPMENT OF A SUBJECT INDEX IN FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY

Forensic psychiatry, a multi-disciplinary field, presents research problems for practitioners and librarians. Subject indexes for the field cover each discipline separately, making a literature search or current awareness program difficult. The Samuel Bellet Library, located at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, developed its own index to combat this problem. The index provides access to articles in the Library's journals and identifies articles to interest to Library users in other journals. Through monthly updates, distributed to Library users, the index is kept current as are the users. Reaction to the project has been positive; it functions well both as a literature search tool and as a current awareness program.     

Process and progress: working with born-digital material in the Wendy Cope Archive at the British Library

This article considers the processing of the born-digital archive of the English poet Wendy Cope, deposited at the British Library in 2011. Using the Cope Archive as a template, the authors set out a six-part workflow to acquire, preserve, process and make it accessible. The Cope Archive, which contains several types of digital media, presented various problems. The authors, however, were able to successfully apply their workflow and outline the various software and methods used at each stage. They conclude that, though each born-digital archive presents a unique set of issues, the proposed workflow is a successful framework that would be applicable to most.     

电子文件的长期保存:多维互动的领域——第四届中国电子文件管理论坛综述

2013年8月30日在中国人民大学召开的第四届中国电子文件管理论坛,主题是电子文件的长期保存。来自中外理论和实践界的九位发言人围绕着电子文件长期保存的基本认知、规范建设、技术实现、实践推动展开全方位的讨论。会议深化了对OAIS信息模型的认识,强调了立档单位电子文件管理对于数字保存的极端重要性,并初步构建了概念、技术、管理等多维互动的电子文件长期保存体系。     

ICPSR meets OAIS: applying the OAIS reference model to the social science archive context

This paper reviews the archival process at the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), a repository of digital social science data, and maps ICPSR’s Ingest and Access operations to the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model. The paper also assesses ICPSR’s conformance with the archival responsibilities of “trusted” OAIS repositories, with the proviso that audit criteria for archival certification are still under development. The ICPSR to OAIS mapping exercise has benefits for the larger social science archiving community because it provides an interpretation of the reference model in the quantitative social science environment and points to preservation-related issues that may be salient for other social science archives. Building on the archives’ long tradition of shared norms and cooperation, we may ultimately be able to design a federated system of trusted social science repositories that provides access to the global heritage.

The long-term preservation of identifiable personal data: a comparative archival perspective on privacy regulatory models in the European Union,Australia, Canada and the United States

This article analyses the extent to which archival exemptions for historical, scientific and statistical research in privacy legislation support preservation in selected European Union countries, and comparable aspects of Australian, American and Canadian law within a legal, ethical and digital archival perspective. The authors recommend that the further processing of personal data under data protection law be given a wider scope of interpretation for archival preservation purposes in both the public and private sector, coupled with the use of researcher and archival codes in relation to access to personal data. They also recommend early appraisal and integration of privacy with freedom of information and archival regimes.

The Politics of Information Institutions,or I Am Not a Luddite,But …

SUMMARY

This chapter is a presentation of the major areas of digital preservation activity with reference to representative and well-known projects. It is also a presentation of the roles that Electronic Resources (ER) librarians may take to assist and advocate for digital preservation. The need for human mediation and decision-making during this early period of digital preservation development is emphasized. The roles and responsibilities of the ER librarian is described in the context of emergent business models for digital preservation as well as questions about the impact of licensing and ownership arrangements on ER preservation.     

基于资源类型的数字资源长期保存问题研究

世界各国对不同类型的数字资源如何长期保存进行了深入研究,提出了不同的保存方法,研究和实践方面都有成果出现。数字资源长期保存也涉及到法律问题。参考文献22。     

数字资源保存的研究进展、热点与前沿

文章首先辨析了数字资源保存的概念,介绍了数字资源保存的发展史和国内外研究现状。然后利用CitespaceⅡ可视化分析工具和方法构建领域知识基础（指引文）的时间序列演化图谱和时区演化图谱,并结合绘制的领域发展趋势图,分析了数字资源保存的研究进展。同时利用CitespaceⅡ可视化分析工具和方法绘制术语与关键词的混合共现网络和引文共被引聚类知识图谱,识别出数字资源保存的研究热点U,并利用爆发词或突变词探测方法探测数字资源保存的研究前沿。最后针对图书情报与档案管理学科关注最多的研究热点——数字资源长期保存,从研究主题、最佳实践、保存周期、保存技术和方法、保存策略等几个重要方面解读数字资源长期保存的研究进展。     

历史档案文献数据中心建设模式刍议

我国从中央到地方的历史档案数字化工作正在紧锣密鼓地进行。在网络环境下建立"历史档案文献数据中心"不失为一个有益的尝试。该中心的建设可以采取三级模式,同时,也要根据实际情况分析建设重点和难点,以便使整个构思和设计更加切实可行。     

数字档案信息存储与灾难恢复研究

本文根据数字档案信息生命周期的不同阶段,从数字档案信息的存储、容灾备份、数据迁移和数据恢复等四个方面研究其生命周期中各个不同阶段的保护技术和保护方法,并提出了相应的保护策略等。     

Mandating data archiving: experiences from the frontline

There is a strong drive for greater openness in scientific publishing. The British Ecological Society (BES) introduced a mandatory data archiving policy for its journals at the beginning of 2014 to increase accessibility and improve preservation. This article presents some preliminary results on the impact of that policy. Submissions to BES journals have risen 6.7% since the introduction of the policy and early indications are that Dryad is the most popular repository. The reaction of the ecological community to mandatory archiving is also discussed.     

国外Web Archive研究与实践进展

Web Archive采集并保存Web内容,满足当前和未来的访问和使用,其重要性已得到图书馆、档案馆、政府、企业等机构的广泛认可.本文在文献与网络资源调研的基础上,以Web采集、Web Archive的保存、访问和使用为主线,构建了一个系统化的研究框架,并在此框架下梳理国外的相关研究与实践进展.国外的研究与实践值得国内借鉴,如:多主体参与、广泛的交流与合作、注重标准和规范的建设、构建类型多样的Web Archives、对访问与使用的优化等方面,但该领域仍面临法律与伦理、新Web应用内容的归档、存档内容的长期保存、存档内容的多元化应用等问题和挑战.     

基于大数据的数字档案馆信息服务模型构建

从档案馆业务及用户两个维度,对基于大数据的数字档案馆信息服务模型进行了需求分析,进而从核心层、支撑层、表现层三个方面对其功能进行论述,在此基础上设计了一种基于大数据的数字档案馆信息服务体系架构。     

Back-ups for the future: archival practices for data activism

Literature on activist archiving theorises the power of recordkeeping to give voice to marginalised communities. However, missing from this archival literature are analyses about the political practice of preserving data as an act of grassroots resistance. Simultaneously, existing scholarly literature on grassroots data activism analyses the creation of new statistical representations to challenge official ones. This literature has largely ignored what will happen to this data over the long term, nor has it treated data archiving as an activist project in its own right. This theoretical article seeks to close the gap between literature on archival activism and literature on data activism, in hopes that both sets of research can draw productively from each other. There are clear affinities between activist archives and data activism: both address the failure by mainstream institutions to account for marginal voices, both have the power to make issues visible and legitimate within the public sphere, and both experiment with traditional forms of memory and statistical evidence. The authors believe that these two powerful forms of activity have much to learn from each other, particularly as the need to steward data over the long term will only grow.     

Archiving of publicly funded research data: A survey of Canadian researchers

During the 2004–2005 fiscal year, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) awarded $252,654,341.97 in grant money to 6,958 research initiatives submitted by Canadian researchers working in academic settings. The results of these initiatives are reported in published papers, books, articles, and other forums. A question of concern is how much of the data being produced in the course of this research is being archived? What are the attitudes and concerns of the researchers themselves towards ensuring their work is preserved for the future? Results indicate that Canadian researchers in the humanities and social sciences actively share data. On the whole they are supportive of initiatives to preserve data but have thus far not systematically ensured preservation of their research materials. Researchers expressed concern over issues of confidentiality in providing access to their research data. Further dialogue is needed between researchers and other stakeholders to overcome impediments pertaining to preservation and access to research data on a national scale.