Gender Earnings Gap among Young European Higher Education Graduates

This paper examines the composition of the gender earnings gap among young European higher education graduates, with a particular focus on competencies controlling for individual background and job characteristics. The results show that much of the female worker’s earnings advantage can be explained by job characteristics. With respect to the competencies required at current jobs, we find that foreign language proficiency and computer skills play a large role in explaining part of the female earnings advantage. Additionally, estimation results by each one of the countries included in the analysis show that gender earning gaps are disparate in size as well as in composition.     

成人高等教育与人力资本提升

成人高等教育作为与经济发展、市场需求联系最为紧密的高等教育形式,在人力资本提升中扮演着越来越重要的角色。探讨成人高等教育在人力资本提升中的作用、实践途径和未来走向,有利于成人高等教育与经济的互动,推动经济与社会的发展。     

The Professional Success of Higher Education Graduates

Measures of professional success provided by surveys on higher education graduates can be divided into objective (e.g. income or professional position) and subjective (e.g. job satisfaction, reported use of knowledge and skills, work autonomy) indicators. In this article a broad range of measures of professional success is used to describe aspects of employment and work of graduates from 11 European countries and Japan and to analyse the relevance of structural conditions (e.g. country of the institution, type of study programme and field of study) and personal factors (e.g. gender, parental educational background, competences at the time of graduation, employment conditions e.g. economic sector, size of organisation, and the experiences after graduation). The analysis clearly demonstrates the relevance of both structural and personal factors, but no single variable prevails.     

人力资本理论与高等职业教育流变

人力资本理论强调人力资本对经济增长的作用,对高等职业教育的流变产生了重大影响,促进了高等教育规模扩张,提升了技术型人才的培养层次.高等职业教育需要在人力资本理念的指导下,在思想观念、办学主体、培养层次等方面作出积极主动的变革,以有效满足经济和科技发展对高层次应用型人才多样化的需要.     

Developing Generic Competences in the European Higher Education Area: a proposal for teaching the principles of economics

The participation of Spain in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) involves a number of important challenges for academics. Adapting to an educational model that is characterised by competence-based teaching is a difficult task, yet it is of paramount importance in the context of current reforms. In an educational system in which the traditional lecture prevails, learning-centred teaching represents a major cultural change with significant consequences. The objective of this study is to offer economics lecturers some practical techniques for use in the classroom. Specifically, it includes suggestions for the planning, preparation and teaching of lectures, seminars, tutorials, case studies, debates, and computer-based learning. It also provides practical advice on student assessment.     

人力资本契约--一种资助高等教育的新工具

人力资本契约是一种“类似于股权”、用于资助高等教育的金融工具：这种工具比学生贷款更适合用来吸收私人资表，对学生也更具有吸引力，同时，它还可以提高整个高等教育市场的运作效率。     

试论人力资本产权与高等教育投资制度

人力资本作为生产要素在现代经济发展过程中发挥着越来越大的作用，随之，其产权问题也越来越受到人们的重视。人力资本的产权特征决定了人力资本价值的充分发挥有赖于健全的人力资本产权制度。由于人力资本主要是通过投资教育尤其是高等教育形成的，因此，人力资本产权制度的建立也要依托高等教育投资制度的改革。     

高等教育体制与大学毕业生就业

从劳动力市场供给的角度,大学毕业生就业难归因于大学毕业生就业能力不足,而就业能力的大小与高等教育体制是密不可分的.要改革招生制度、创新培养模式、加强就业指导,增强大学毕业生的就业能力,缓解就业压力.     

人力资本与社会资本视角下的高等教育收益比较

在高等教育收益的分析中,人力资本理论以人力资本和物质资本的相互转化的框架进行分析,将高等教育收益货币化。而社会资本理论是从物质资本、人力资本、社会资本三者之间的相互转化、相互促进的分析框架分析了高等教育投资的收益,补充了高等教育的社会化收益。通过人力资本与社会资本的比较,为现阶段中国经济社会协调发展提供了一定的启示：在实践中需要进一步完善高等教育的贫困资助政策;促进就业,提升高等教育收益预期;在高等教育中,注意培养学生积累、运用社会资本的能力;为人才向上流动提供通畅的通道,保障劳动力市场的健康运转。     

人力资本对大学生初次就业的影响分析

近年来大学生就业难成为经济生活中的热点问题。就业是受多种因素影响的复杂问题,根据人力资本理论,具有较高人力资本的劳动者往往能够在就业市场中获得更好的机会和更高的收入,而教育和培训是最重要的人力资本投资方式。因而选取人力资本为切入点,在理论阐释的基础上通过调查问卷的方式进行实证分析,得出人力资本是大学生初次就业的关键性影响因素这一结论,并对大学生本人和高校就大学生进行人力资本积累分别提出了建议。     

The European Higher Education Area: A New Framework for the Development of Higher Education

Hand in hand with European integration, European higher education must also integrate itself so as to better prepare the highly trained workforce that Europe needs if it is to become the most dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy in the world. The Bologna Process will lead to the required integration of European higher education while preserving the diversity of European cultures and guaranteeing the assurance of quality. The research role of European higher education is also to be preserved and expanded. Higher education, as the author concludes, must be unified at European level while remaining differentiated at world level.     

欧洲高等教育改革对我国高等教育发展的启示

世界范围内知识经济的发展对人力资源的素质提出了更高的要求,在这种环境下为了提高本国的经济竞争力,各国纷纷加强作为培养人力资源主要阵地的高等教育领域的建设。欧洲各国期望采取一种多边合作的方式,通过提高欧洲整体的高等教育水平来增强各国的高等教育质量,这促使了欧洲高等教育改革进程的出现与发展。这一进程的发展不仅提高了欧洲高等教育的整体质量,对推动欧洲知识经济发展起到了积极作用,也对我国的高等教育发展产生了积极影响。对于我们来说,应该主要从提高高等教育质量、促进高等教育机构和人员合作以及增强社会力量对高等教育发展的支持这几方面着手,进一步推进我国高等教育的发展。     

高等教育"大众化"与社会人才供需研究

我国高等教育“大众化”的到来、社会主义市场经济的逐步建立与完善、高等学校与社会的人才供需矛盾日益突出。面对困难和挑战，潜心研究影响高校与社会人才供需的因素、研究当前毕业生供需矛盾，有针对性地提出解决方案，促进高校潜在劳动力资源向现实劳动力转化有着极其重要的意义。     

The Impact of Human Capital and Selected Job Rewards on Community College Faculty Job Satisfaction

Community colleges accommodate nearly half of all United States college students. Increased reliance upon community colleges is driven by the current economic downturn, rising costs of higher education, and changing expectations for today's workforce requiring advanced skill sets. Community colleges offer more affordable options for broader spectrums of students including traditional and nontraditional college students and dual-enrolled high school students.

Community college faculty facilitate student learning and program completion. A shortage of community college faculty will likely emerge as numerous faculty retire. Community college administrators need strategies for retaining and recruiting faculty amid increasing retirements. One effective strategy is to offer a work environment that cultivates positive work-related attitudes (e.g., job satisfaction). This study examines the ability of select human capital investments, intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, and sociodemographics to predict overall job satisfaction for full-time community college faculty. A cross-sectional predictive design was used with secondary analysis of the 2004 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF:04) dataset.

Logistic Regression was utilized to determine predictive ability of the independent variables on overall job satisfaction. Results indicated that faculty were more likely to be satisfied with their work if they were satisfied with their salary, benefits and workload; were satisfied with the teaching support they received from their institutions; and if they perceived that females and minorities were treated fairly by the organization. Conversely, minority faculty were less likely to be satisfied, as were faculty who indicated they would again choose a career in academe if given the choice.     

国外高职院校毕业生继续教育的经验与启示

近几年来,我国各所高职院校纷纷走出国门,与职业教育比较发达的德国、加拿大、新加坡等国家的高校和各种职业培训机构开展合作,从中获得了许多有益的启示.特别是在毕业生继续教育方面,国外高职院校具有许多先进的经验,如先进的教学模式、教学理念、教学方法、教学内容等,对我国高职院校实行毕业生招回继续教育具有重要的借鉴作用.     

高校团组织与青年人力资源开发

高校共青团组织担负着拓展学生素质,开发青年人力资源的重要使命。正确认识高校共青团组织的优势,并通过有形的载体,服务青年学生成长成才,培养具有创新精神、创业能力的青年大学生,促使青年大学生将追求自我成才的过程,内化为自我资源开发的过程,是当前高校共青团组织参与青年人力资源开发的重要内容。     

从人力资本理论的视角看日本高等教育大众化

在比较教育研究中人力资本理论多被用来解释发达国家和发展中国家为何都不惜成本地向教育事业投资的现象。二战结束后，日本高速增长的经济推动了日本高等教育大众化的进程。与此同时，日本高等教育为日本经济发展提供了充足的人力储备。因此，研究日本高等教育大众化中的“教育与经济双向互动发展”的成功经验对于厘清我国高等教育发展规模问题具有积极的借鉴作用。