文化差异对翻译的影响

翻译是一种跨文化、跨语言的交际活动,源语言和目标语言之间的文化差异必定在翻译中引起语义和语境的冲突,这是翻译工作者面临的最大挑战。对一些人来说,文化差异对翻译的障碍如此巨大以至翻译的任务几乎不可能。但是世界上各种不同的语言和文化之间存在着很大的共性,这是翻译之所以能实现的客观基础。可以从文化差异的重要性及翻译的可译性着手,探索实现翻译途径的方法。     

避免英汉文化陷阱:截然相反的国俗语义

本文针对英汉词语的国俗语义差异性这一问题,选择了五对在国俗语义上截然相反的案例进行了对比分析,并从对比分析中得到了一些启示。我们认为无论是外语教学、语际翻译,还是跨文化方面的工作,这样的对比研究都是有益的。     

Training and Learning

Some philosophers of education think that there is a pedagogically informative concept of training that can be gleaned from Wittgenstein's later writings: training as initiation into a form of life. Stickney, in ' Training and Mastery of Techniques in Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy: A response to Michael Luntley' takes me to task for ignoring this concept. In this essay I argue that there is no such concept to be ignored. I start by noting recent developments in Wittgenstein scholarship that raise serious issues about how we should handle the translation of Arbrichtung and arbrichten. I then concentrate on the substantive philosophical issues about the very idea that training can have a pedagogically productive role in education. I show that what work training does is a function of the prior skill set of the trainee. This means that we have to endorse some form of rationalism and acknowledge that the learner can only respond to training if they already possess sufficient mental equipment to generate the appropriate responses.     

论英语名词词组的翻译

英语名词词组是指以名词为中心加上其他修饰语所构成的词组。对此类词组的翻译,依据等值论．应当把它看成一个整体来找其语言语符表层、语义深层、语用修辞层的等值转换,并恰当地运用熔铸、转换等翻译技巧去进行处理,才能得到与原词组等值的汉语词组。     

Can we escape the program? Inventing possible∼impossible futures in/for Australian educational research

This essay brings together two lines of inquiry. Firstly, I revisit research on futures in education conducted during the 1980s and re-examine some of the propositions and principles that this research generated about “the future” as an object of inquiry in education. Secondly, I argue that the language of complexity invites us to rethink education in terms of emergence, and potentially destabilises the instrumentalist rationality that “programs” educational systems to privilege orderly and predictable processes culminating in stable output, a potentiality that may be undermined by a pervasive politics of complexity reduction. I conclude by drawing upon these two lines of inquiry to outline some strategies that might resist complexity reduction and catalyse emergence in Australian educational research as preconditions for inventing possible～impossible futures.     

The cultural differences and translation of the phrases between Chinese and English

Translating methods are undoubtedly the core problems we are confronted with in translation. Because of the difference of geography, history, religious belief, life custom, the phrase of English and Chinese have different national cultural characteristics and the cultural information, they are connected with the cultural tradition closely ,and inalienable. Therefore, in the phrase translation, the translator must understand culture manifests of the different national society in the language, correctly understand the cultural semantics in the phrase, use the suitable translation method. If the original translation language element is consistent with the culture in the translation, we may use the coordinated literal translation, an image usage, similar method and so on.     

道说“面向思的事情”：－兼论海德格尔后期语言哲学思想

哲学运思总要关涉到语言，无论是对现象或现象背后的存在有所思或有所道说。因此，海德格尔断言语言是最切近人的本质的存在，本考察了海德格尔后期作有关语言的思想，认为他与其他语言哲学家的不同之处在于，他不仅不回避形而上学的问题，而且还从语义，语用的立场对存在作了深入的研究，他对哲学语用学一些带有规律性的问题的探讨，即使在今天也给人们以巨大的启迪。     

回避策略使用的实验研究及对外语教学的启示

回避策略是外语学习者或使用者在语言输出时采用的一种迂回方法。它是交际策略中策略能力的一个重要组成部分,能直接影响到外语交际的成败。本研究通过表示让步和因果关系的从句和短语的翻译练习,考察了回避策略的运用,分析了学习者使用回避策略的原因及回避策略的使用与学习者外语水平的相关性等问题。     

居室建筑词语与中国传统文化

居室建筑文化不仅有史籍的记载,而且在汉字形体与汉语词汇中蕴涵着丰富的文化信息。居室建筑词语的本义仅仅是为了反映客观的居室建筑事象,后来这些事象成为新的文化意义的象征物,成为一种文化符号。我们通过居室词语可以窥见汉民族与居室建筑有关的物质文化、制度文化、心理文化。     

商务英语翻译中词义的确定

正确地理解与选择词义是确保商务英语汉译质量的前提条件。本文从词义的引申、不同的业务范畴、不同的上下文及其搭配关系等方面论述了如何正确理解与选择词义。     

维吾尔语新词构词法解析

维吾尔语构词法是维吾尔语词汇学的重要组成部分,也是维吾尔语研究的一个重要组成部分。随着社会的变革和发展、新事物的不断涌现,维吾尔语的新词术语能否满足时代发展的要求,成为亟待解决的问题,我们更应该重视维吾尔语构词法的研究。本文主要分析了维吾尔语新词产生过程中运用的一些构词方法。     

英汉翻译中的词语选择

To those whose interest is in translation, an important topic for study is the choice of words. As lexicon is the mostactive and the liveliest component of a language, in the course of translation, due attention must be given to the analysis andcomparison of words and phrases before a suitable word or phrase is chosen to convey the meaning in the original version.Meanwhile, English words and phrases are rich and the same words or phrases may be different in meaning in a certain context,therefore, the diction in translation from English to Chinese is undoubtedly a matter of importance.     

Out of the Ordinary: incorporating limits with Austin and Derrida

This article seeks to open up a re-examination of the relationship between thought and language by reference to two philosophers: John Austin and Jacques Derrida. While in traditional philosophical terms these thinkers stand far apart, recent work in the philosophy of education has highlighted the importance of Austin’s work in a way that has begun to bridge the philosophical divide. This article seeks to continue the renewed interest in Austin in educational research, yet also take it in new direction by exploring Austin’s wider philosophical concern within the William James Lectures with the nature of language. The significance of the philosophical turn to language has entered the agenda of a number of philosophers of education in recent years. The main aim of this article will be to present, as a starting point for further work, an account of language that does justice to the way language actually operates. The article will argue that Austin’s account of the performative opens up new possibilities in this regard and yet—for reasons that will be made clear—also fails in the final instance to carry these through. By illustrating the way Derrida’s philosophy works, contrastingly, to take these possibilities to their full conclusion, I will argue that Derrida succeeds in bringing a radically new conception of language to the fore. The article will end by pointing towards some of the implications of the initial exploration conducted here to be developed elsewhere—particularly for the ways we think about thinking.     

汉英翻译中义位不对称的动因

在汉英翻译中,有大量义位不对称的现象。造成翻译中汉英义位不对称的表层动因包括汉英义场的切分差异、汉英词项的标记性差异及韵律因素等,其深层动因则涉及语际转喻。     

流行新词汉译的形象化与概念化

随着网络技术的迅猛发展,新事物、新现象和新概念层出不穷,一时间冒出来许多新鲜译名,如“博客（Blog）”、“播客（Podcast）”、“对决（PK）”等词,由此引发了“译名是否要整齐划一化”的争论,虽然译界一再强调的是翻译规范化,但“译文的整齐划一化”促进的到底是“对原语的理解”还是“汉语规范化”？文章从翻译的形象化与概念化这两个方面进行系统分析后,得出结论认为流行新词在一定历史时期可以“一词二译”．不过要视原文的语境和风格而定,选用形象化音译可保留时代流行语言的特色,另一方面,采用概念化意译可保留表意准确性语言的特色。     

互文性对英汉翻译的影响及对策

互文性对英汉翻译的影响包括：源语与目标语的文化语境不同使得翻译互文信息不能以直译为主;互文对源语文本的意义建构作用在译文当中要考虑以何种策略才能保留;互文的难度各异,翻译的方法也要有差异;目标读者对互文解读能力的差异要求翻译时要针对不同读者采用不同的方法。译者应当针对这些因素采取相应的翻译策略,在译文读者可以正确解读的情况下,将互文直译;如果直译会造成互文意义的流失可采用注释的方法;如果互文信息对目标读者来说太过复杂,则可以考虑适度的省略不译。     

谈道德经重译的意义

文学翻译是动态的,它必须与时代、人类的精神和语言的发展同步.人类的理解水平、精神需求的水准、语言发展的进程等是文学翻译过程中重要的动态内涵.<道德经>以其博大精深的哲学思想被世人瞩目,随时代发展,我们有必要以全新的视角重新阐释其思想,这就是典籍重译的意义所在.     

The Use of Music for Learning Languages

Throughout time,healers,philosophers,scientists,and teachers have recognized the place of music for therapeutic and developmental functions(Bancroft,1985:3-7).Researchers over the last twenty years have made astounding advances in the the ory of language acquisition.Many find the pedagogical conjoining of language and music compelling.The first part of this review focuses on the historical and developmental proofs of music’ s relationship with language learning.In part two,neurological the ory on music and the mind are covered.Part three summarizes scholarly inquiry on the use of music for learning languages,espe cially those studies that could prove most instructive both for language teachers and for music therapists in the development of curricula.     

汉译英中构词差异的哲学理据及翻译对策

翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容重新表达出来的语言活动。研究语言之间的思维差异为寻求恰当的翻译策略提供了哲学理据。由于汉英两种语言思维方式的不同,它们的构词理据具有差异性,汉语词汇表现出"先大后小、先重后轻、先来后到、先因后果、重复对称、简约至上、具象优先"等七种构词原则。因此,汉语词汇在英译时应有所变通,采取相应的翻译对策。