Pathways to Achievement: Career and Educational Aspirations and Expectations of Latina/o Immigrant Parents and Early Adolescents

Drawing on sociocultural and related theories, 4 questions examined career and educational aspirations and expectations among 24 immigrant Latina/o early adolescents and their parents as predictors of students’ grades. First, adolescents’ career aspirations and expectations were correlated, and both parents and adolescents held educational aspirations that exceeded their expectations. Second, most adolescents and parents held congruent educational aspirations. Third, congruence between students’ career and educational aspirations was uncommon. Fourth, parents’ educational aspirations and adolescents’ career–education congruence predicted students’ grades. Discussion highlights students’ ongoing reconciliation between aspirations and academic skills and multiple ways immigrant Latino parents contribute to their adolescents’ future.     

职业女性的角色冲突与市场商机

每一个人都在社会群体中占据一定的位置,围绕这一位置,社会对个体会有一定的要求或期待。当个体依照社会的期待去履行义务,行使权力时,就是在扮演一定的角色。在现实生活中,人们需要扮演各种各样的角色。当一个人所承担的多种角色难以胜任时,便会发生角色冲突。多重角色冲突普遍体现在现代职业女性身上,其中事业角色和家庭角色的冲突最为明显（文中特指此类冲突）。了解职业女性角色冲突的表现,分析职业女性角色冲突产生的原因,从职业女性角色冲突中寻求市场商机是企业持续发展的战略选择。     

Participation In Higher Education: Aspirations,Attainment And Social Background

ABSTRACT

The recent report of the Milburn Review into Social Mobility highlights the under-representation of young people from lower socio-economic groups in higher education and encourages universities and others to act to remedy this situation as a contribution to greater social mobility. The paper uses data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England to examine the relationship between social background, attainment and university participation. The results show that differences in school-level attainment associated with social background are by far the most important explanation for social background differences in university attendance. However, there remains a small proportion of the participation gap that is not accounted for by attainment. It is also the case that early intentions for higher education participation are highly predictive of actual participation. The results suggest that although there may be some scope for universities to act to improve participation by people from less advantaged backgrounds, a much more important focus of action is on improving the school-level achievement of these students.     

A Hand Up Is a Hands-Down Must for Young Women Entering the Field of Science

A Hand Up, Women Mentoring Women in Science is a 500-plus page compendium with nearly 60 contributors. The book is essential reading for every young woman considering a career in the sciences as well as for anyone established in her or his career who wants to reach out to assist the next generation of female scientists. Its examples and practical suggestions will help women form supportive communities with their counterparts and overcome many of the barriers placed in their paths toward professional growth. In short, the book offers assistance to young women entering careers in the science and technology fields and sustenance for those who support them.Marily DeWall is the former Director of the Jason Academy and Professional Learning at the Jason Foundation for Education. In this capacity, she created and oversaw an extensive online professional development program designed for elementary and middle school teachers of science and mathematics. Prior to coming to the Jason Foundation, Ms. DeWall worked for more than 20 years for the National Science Teachers Association serving in various capacities, including Associate Executive Director, editor of Science Scope magazine, and director of government and corporate-funded programs. She was the creator and director of several national science education programs that are ongoing, including ExploraVision, Tapestry Grants for Teachers, and Building a Presence for Science. Ms. DeWall is the author of numerous articles, the editor of several publications, and is a frequent presenter at national and state education meetings.     

Environmental and Individual Influences on Adolescents,Aspirations: A Moderation-Mediation Model

A moderation-mediation model was constructed to examine relationships among distal family contexts, children,s cognitive performance and cognitive attitudes, adolescents, proximal family and school settings, and adolescents, aspirations. The sample in the longitudinal study included 250 female and 250 male 16-year-olds and their parents from Adelaide, Australia. The findings from moderation-mediation investigations and from regression surface analyses indicated that (1) distal family contexts moderate the relations among children,s individual characteristics and adolescents, aspirations, (2) the associations between distal family contexts and adolescents, aspirations are mediated, in part, by the adolescents, perceptions of their parents, and teachers, educational capital, (3) there are different patterns for females and males in terms of relationships among distal family contexts, children,s individual characteristics, perceptions of proximal settings, and adolescents, aspirations and (4) there are family-context differences in the linear and curvilinear nature of the relations among individual characteristics, proximal settings, and adolescents, aspirations, that also vary between females and males in those family contexts.     

Aspirations,education and inequality in England: insights from the Effective Provision of Pre-school,Primary and Secondary Education Project

Educational and occupational aspirations have become an important reference point in policy debates about educational inequality. Low aspirations are presented as a major barrier to closing educational attainment gaps and increasing levels of social mobility. Our paper contributes to this on-going debate by presenting data on the educational aspirations of students from the Effective Provision of Pre-School, Primary and Secondary Education Project in England. We analyse factors that help predict students holding high aspirations. Our findings reveal generally high aspirations across all students but also differences by income group and other background factors. We evaluate the significance of these findings for the existing literature and public policy discussions about the importance of raising educational aspirations. In particular, we question the way in which low aspirations are framed by policy-makers as a major problem in debates around educational inequality.     

Career Aspirations of Young Academics in Russia

This article investigates careers of early-career academics in the Russian academic system as it strives to improve its position in the global academic landscape. The typology of “boundaried” and “boundaryless” careers is applied in order to analyze careers in Russia. Two types of academics were identified: “connectors” and “conservationalists.” “Connectors” are more likely to embrace research orientation than “conservationalists” and tend to alter their positions in academia based on research reputation in the global professional community, whereas “conservationalists” are oriented at the hierarchies of positions within universities and country-specific academic credentials.     

浅析画像砖中体现的汉代人世俗愿望

画像砖是汉代社会现实的反映,展示了汉代人的世俗愿望。汉画像砖的题材和内容表现了汉代人对长寿、健康、子孙繁衍、平安吉祥的向往和对快乐、富贵等人生目标的追求。汉代人能够如此鲜明地把自己的欲望展示出来,显示出汉代社会思想开放和精神自由的程度,也表明汉代是汉民族心理特征形成的重要时期。     

办好开放大学的基层诉求

办好开放大学要把讨论的热点下移到基层,遵循以中央电大和基层电大为基础建设国家开放大学的规划思路,关注基层开放大学建设的困难和问题,重点解决统筹协调系统关系、加强地方政府重视程度、丰富资源建设项目和改革质量观念及标准评价等四个方面基本诉求,以期实现服务区域发展,确保落地生根的设计思想。     

"诗言志"新探

本从《诗经》生成机制的角度,分析了《诗经》与周代讽谏制度之间的关系。指出：公卿列士献诗制是周代诸多诗歌采集制度之一。也是贵族民主制度的重要组成部分。“言志”是“诗”的本质特征。公卿列士通过献诗表达了自己对时政的看法,以辅助朝政。根据内容特征的不同,可分为颂声之作;怨刺之作：风化之作。这些作品经过乐官的整理、谱曲。收入典藏。成为早期的《诗》。     

“诗言志”与“思无邪”的共同旨趣

“诗言志”与“思无邪”是中国古代文论的滥觞和纲领 ,它们都体现了早在先秦时期就已成为审美主流的中和之美 ,而这种中和之美只有在创作主体的情感保持至诚至真的状态下才能获取。两者的共同旨趣对中国古代文学和古代文论产生了广泛而深远的影响     

Developmentally Appropriate Career Guidance: Building Concepts to Last a Lifetime

Many young children have very limited knowledge about the world of work. Yet, because work-readiness concepts and competencies are built over time, career decisions made by young adults have their roots in early childhood. Developmentally appropriate career guidance considers not only the age of each child but also his or her talents, needs, and cultural antecedents. Objectives for working with young children include increasing children's occupational awareness and exploration, enhancing their knowledge of self and others, and continuing their development of academic and work-related competencies. By infusing work-readiness activities throughout the curriculum, teachers can help children to build strong concepts that support the decisions they must make a decade or more in the future.     

Career Choice Patterns and Behavior of Work-Bound Youth During Early Adolescence

A national longitudinal database (NELS: 88-94, 1996) was used to examine the occupational aspiration patterns, vocational preparation, and work-related experiences of adolescents who were either work-bound or college-bound two years after their initial transition from high school to work or postsecondary education. Adolescents' career choice and behavior patterns were analyzed at two separate points. Grades 8 and 10 achievement profiles of work- and unemployment-bound youths were similar; both groups had significantly lower achievement scores than college-bound youths. Socioeconomic status (SES) had considerable influence on determining both occupational aspirations and postsecondary transition status. Two-thirds of all young adults who were work-bound or unemployed/out of the work force were in the lowest two SES groups. Adolescents in the highest SES were four times more likely to be college-bound. Educational aspiration was a more accurate predictor of postsecondary status than occupational aspiration. Work-bound youths did not engage in higher levels of school-based work preparation than college-bound peers. Occupational aspirations of college-bound youth were relatively stable over the two-year period (from Grade 8 to 10), while those of noncollege-bound youths were more volatile. The prestige levels of occupational aspirations, for all youth, were relatively established by early adolescence and did not change significantly over time.     

The Career Aspirations of South Asian Girls in Glasgow

South Asian girls have been perceived either having limited career aspirations or as being over ambitious, and the reasons for both have been found in a ‘cultural conflict’ explanation. Previous research, e.g. Sharif (1985) and Hussain & Samarasinghe (1987), in which such girls have been asked about their aspirations, show that they are realistic about their abilities. In the study described below the career aspirations of South Asian girls in Glasgow are compared with those of their white peers. There are no significant differences. However, it was found that white girls expected South Asian girls to marry and not have a career. Both groups of girls expected parental influence over career decisions, although there is a difference in the degree of influence expected. A discussion of constraints on their aspirations follows.     

Career quandaries of activist environmental engineering graduates in Indonesia

Abstract

This article reports on a study that aimed to investigate how young Indonesians might become environmentalists, and what happens when they do. It uses a Bourdieusian framework to analyse interviews with six Indonesian environmental engineering students who took an active role in environmental conservation campaigns while studying at the prestigious University of Technology Bandung (ITB) in Indonesia. In 2014, they were pondering the challenge of negotiating an environmentally defensible career after graduation from their degree. Four years later, in 2018 follow-up contact, it was evident that while they still operated a moral responsibility of conservation and care for the natural world, not all of them had found the dream jobs they imagined as earnest undergraduates keen to protect the natural environment. Yet most had maintained their ‘ecological habitus’ even as they sought to make good on the institutionalised cultural capital invested in their undergraduate degree in environmental engineering. This article examines that journey.     

女性与择业

千里马有,伯乐难寻！ 一年一度的大学毕业生招聘工作即将拉开帷幕。我突然想起两位女性的求职经历,感叹女大学生的择业还真不怎么乐观,伯乐难寻！ 随着国民受教育年限的提高,女孩子的家长们总希望自己的孩子能接受更多更高的教育,以增加择业的竞争法码。殊不知,书读得越多,择业     

中国高层职业女性的指令句使用

以语用学中礼貌原则为依据,在中国当代电视剧中提取语料,通过基本话语分析手段综合社会语言学和语用学的理论和研究方法,具体分析了七位女性管理者在工作场合对于指令句的使用,进而探索中国高层职业女性在日常工作交流中所采取的指令句的实现方式,得出结论：中国的女性管理者并没有改变其传统的交际模式,并且凭借其传统的交际模式,她们成功地达到了自己的交际目的,行使了权力。     

Learning Environments,Family Contexts,Educational Aspirations and Attainment: A Moderation-Mediation Model Extended

In this extension of a previous study (Marjoribanks, 1999), a moderation-mediation model was constructed to examine relationships among learning environments, adolescents' educational aspirations and the educational attainment of young adults from different family contexts. Data were collected as part of a longitudinal survey of Australian youth (4382 females, 3940 males). The findings from the two investigations indicated that when distal family contexts were defined conjointly by family social status and parents' aspirations: (1) distal family contexts, academic performance and learning environments combined to have large associations with adolescents' educational aspirations; (2) distal family contexts, adolescents' learning environments and educational aspirations combined to have large associations with young adults' educational attainment; and (3) there were family-context differences in the linear and curvilinear nature of the relations among measures of individual characteristics, learning environments and educational outcomes, and these also varied between females and males in those family contexts. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

From apprentice to colleague: The metamorphosis of Early Career Researchers

While the studies of Early Career Researchers (ECRs) have contributed politically important insights into factors hindering ECRs, they have not yet achieved a theoretical understanding of the causal mechanisms that are at work in the transition from dependent to independent research. This paper positions the early career phase in a theoretical framework that combines approaches from the sociology of science and organisational sociology and emphasises the transitional process. In this framework, the early career phase is considered as containing a status passage from the apprentice to the colleague state of their career in their scientific communities. In order to capture the mechanisms underlying this transition, it is important to analyse the interactions of these careers as they unfold over time. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated with a pilot study of Australian ECRs. We show (a) that misalignments of the three careers stretch the transition phase; (b) that the two major factors affecting the transition are a successful PhD and a research-intensive phase prior to normal academic employment; and (c) that the most important condition hindering the transition is the lack of time for research. It can be concluded that as a result of a ‘market failure’ of the university system, the transition from dependent to independent research is currently being relocated to a phase between the PhD and the first academic position.