浅论归因理论与中学生成就动机

成就动机的提出可追溯到二十世纪三十年代末,当时默里(Murry,1938)将其定义为“克服障碍,施展才能,力求尽好尽快地解决某一难题”。后来,麦克里兰德(McClelland)和阿特金森(Atkinson)在《成就动机》一书中,明确提出了影响行为强度的条件和因素主要有成就动机、对成功的期望、成功的价值,并将其定义为“在具有某     

归因理论及其在教学实践中的运用

文章对归因及归因理论进行了论述，并指出在运用归因理论教育学生、指导教学实践时，不仅要使学生学会积极的归因，还应注意防止教师对学生的行为进行归因时产生各种偏差，才有助于调动学生学习的积极性，提高教学质量。     

运用归因理论激发小学生的成就动机

归因理论对于学校教育具有重大的指导意义.它可以帮助教师寻找到教育的契机和方法.学生对学习结果的归因,直接影响其学习信心和对前途的期待.心理学研究表明,人们的归因倾向是可以改变的,教师可结合归因训练,并利用课堂教学,运用教育与引导的方法,帮助学生作出正确、积极的归因,激发学生的成就动机.     

浅谈归因训练与幼儿成就动机的培养

成就动机是指一个人乐意去做自己认为是重要的、有价值的事,并力求成功的一种内在动因;归因是指人们对他人或自己的行为过程所进行的因果解释和结论,并以此作出理解、预料和控制今后行为的依据。培养幼儿的成就动机,有助于幼儿在未来的人生道路上努力向上,不断迈向成功。通过归因训练,可以帮助幼儿消除归因偏差,形成积极的归因风格,进而提高幼儿的成就动机水平。我的做法是:     

基于自我归因的大学生学业成就动机分析

学业成就动机的水平决定着大学生个体的发展,而归因直接影响看大学生个体的情绪、期望和行为,进而影响大学生个体的学业成就动机.本文在自我归因理论的框架内对大学生的学业成就动机进行了分析,通过对大学生在成就情境中的自我归因内容进行剖析,阐明了大学生的自我归因与学业成就动机的逻辑关系,研究了借鉴自我归因理论的基本观点和方法对促进大学生成才的启示与作用.     

运用归因理论提高学生学业成就

社会的进步要求进一步提高教育教学质量.归因理论为此提供了新的视角.本文对归因理论进行了简要介绍,并通过探讨归因如何影响学生学业成就和影响学生进行归因的因素,提出对学生进行归因指导的方法,从而达到运用归因的理论提高学生学业成就的目的.     

维纳的归因理论及其在教育实践中的运用

美国心理学家维纳认为,能力、努力、任务难度和运气是人们解释成功或失败时的4种主要因素。这4种因素可按内外因、稳定性和可控性3个标准来划分。实践证明:积极的归因模式和消极的归因模式会对学生的学习产生截然不同的效果。因此,教师要引导学生运用正确的归因方式,发挥归因的教育作用。     

运用归因理论激发学生动机

学习动机的激发是指把学习需要由潜伏状态转化为活跃的状态使其成为学习活动的直接动力。学习动机是构成学习积极性的基本因素。它不仅为学习提供直接的动力,而且制约着学习的方向和进程。因此,要充分调动学生的学习积极性,必须激发他们的学习动机。归因理论的学习对激发学生的学习动机非常重要。     

学生成就动机的形成及其训练

动机是非智力因素的核心成分，而成就动机又是动机的一个重要形式．当今成就动机研究几乎成了动机研究的同义语，关心学生成就动机的教育心理学家占据了动机研究的中心舞台．本文着重分析成就动机的涵义、影响成就动机形成与发展的因素以及培养成就动机的训练方法．     

Measurement of achievement attribution: A review of instigation methods,question contents,and measurement formats

Various methods of achievement attribution measurement are compared with regard to the construction of the achievement event and the measurement of the attributions elicited. The method of instigation and the content of the instruments depend greatly on whether situational or dispositional (individual differences) factors are emphasized. It is suggested that natural events, particularly those with pronounced effects, generate actual affective reactions and direct consequences and are particularly useful for studies of situational factors in attributions. On the other hand, hypothetical multiple-event measures are generally employed for studies of individual differences in attributions. The present review shows that questions on specific causes are more popular than those on attribution dimensions. Researchers should be cautious, however, because the dimensional meaning of these causes may vary across different cultures, age groups, or achievement settings. Different question formats and scoring methods also are compared. It is concluded that different methods have their own strengths and weaknesses and that researchers should select the one that best serves their purpose.     

英语学习成败归因调查研究

文章以320名非英语专业大二学生为研究对象,对研究对象英语学习成败归因倾向及归因倾向与英语学习成绩之间的关系进行了研究。不同英语水平的学生在成功归因上的差异不明显,但对失败的归因在学习环境、运气好坏、语言天赋和任务难度等方面都有显著差异,学生对学习成败的不同归因倾向对其学习行为和学习成绩都有很大的影响。     

Group work as a strategy for attribution retraining in the Asian educational context of Singapore

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of group work as a strategy for attribution retraining and improving students’ motivational styles. Students were first categorised into one of three motivational styles: learned helplessness, self-worth motivation and mastery orientation. In the intervention procedure, selected students from each of these three categories were subjected to an intervention procedure requiring the students to work in groups, with the emphasis on personal effort as the major contributor to group success. Post-intervention assessment of motivation showed an improvement in the motivation of self-worth motivated students although there was generally a decrease in mastery orientation amongst students in both the control as well as the experimental groups.     

Causal Inferences in the Campbellian Validity System

The purpose of the present paper is to critically examine causal inferences and internal validity as defined by Campbell and co‐workers. Several arguments are given against their counterfactual effect definition, and this effect definition should be considered inadequate for causal research in general. Moreover, their defined independence between internal and construct validity is not meaningful. An alternative causal inference and its validity are proposed, where the causal effect is defined in factual terms, and where the causal inference includes constructs.     

Conceptual Frameworks for Analysis of Classroom Social Interaction Introductory Comment

Several proposed statistics for testing the significance of the difference in two correlated r’s were first reviewed. A simple alternate procedure based on the familiar Fisher z was then suggested. This procedure, unlike its predecessors, is applicable to a wide range of problems involving tests between dependent correlations. It also has documented mathematical support when its power curves are examined. Since the procedure is asymptotic, a large sample size is required. The only other assumption is that the observations associated with the sample are drawn from a joint multivariate normal distribution.     

大学生情绪智力、成就动机及学业成绩量化研究

应用情绪智力量表(EIS)、成就动机量表(AMS)等随机调查的方式探究是否担任过学生干部、是否独生子女对大学生情绪智力、成就动机、学业成绩方面的影响及情绪智力与成就动机、学业成绩之间的关系.其结果表明:担任过学生干部的同学情绪智力水平显著高于未担任过学生干部的同学;是否独生子女对情绪智力没有显著影响;大学生情绪智力和成就动机显著正相关,和学业成绩不存在显著相关.     

Student teachers' perceptions of poverty and educational achievement

This paper reports on a mixed methods study carried out within the Initial Teacher Education (ITE) programme at the University of Oxford on the ways that the course sought to frame and address the link between poverty and poorer educational outcomes. The study was concerned with the views held by ITE students on the effects of poverty on pupils' learning, well-being, and educational achievement. The paper initially explores why these questions are important, how they are framed internationally, and how they relate to current education policy, particularly in England. Data were collected from student teacher pre- and post-PGCE course questionnaires and a focus group discussion. The findings showed a tendency for student teachers to associate low achievement more strongly with family and cultural factors than with socio-economic or school factors, although there was some evidence that the thinking of some students changed during their programme. Implications for policy and practice in ITE are discussed with a view to ensuring that the social justice commitments espoused by many such courses are actually enabled more effectively to influence the learning experiences of beginning teachers.