Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati （DGP）膜世界宇宙学

使用观测到的哈勃参量H（z）数据和重子声学振荡观测数据[the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations（BAO）]来检验Dvali—Gabadadze—Porrati宇宙学模型．结果表明,观测到的哈勃参量H（z）数据可以看作可以被接受宇宙探测指针,与其他观测数据的联合如BAO对宇宙学参量提供了很强的限制．     

关于宇宙核模型与爱因斯坦宇宙学常数和反质量物质及黑洞关系的探讨

利用宇宙核式结构模型解释爱因斯坦宇宙学常数问题,并讨论宇宙核与负质量物质和黑洞的关系,进一步说明了宇宙的核式结构模型的正确性.     

Ia超新星对变化暗能量模型的限制

最近Wetterich给出了一个简单的参数化的w（z）=（1＋w0）/（1＋b1n（1＋z））来表示一个变化的暗能量模型,本文利用194Ia超新星的观测数据对这一暗能量模型进行了检验.我们发现Ia超新星偏爱w（z）不变的Phantom宇宙,并且在95.4%的可能性上我们可以排除Ωm0＞0.6和w0＞-0.5的分布区域.     

Matter Bounce宇宙模型研究

通过描述宇宙学的发展历史和现状,指出大爆炸理论和暴涨理论虽然有许多优点,可以解释许多现象,但它们并不是完美无缺,无懈可击,仍然有一些无法解释的问题。而matter bounce宇宙模型是一个可以取代前两种理论的模型,可以得到与宇宙观测相吻合的结论,因此研究这个模型是非常有意义的。     

等价原理,泛广义相对论及广义相对论的检验

首先,只要推广非惯性系和引力场,等价原理就可以普遍成立,而克服其"局域性".在讨论了非惯性系中加速场或减速场,及引力场或斥力场的关系后,可以得出结论等价原理在矢量方面等价,但在非矢量方面有所不同.其次,论述了泛等价原理和泛广义相对论,特别是电磁广义相对论.第三,讨论了广义相对论的各种实验检验及不足之处.最后,提出检验电磁广义相对论的某些可能方案.     

Lp（M）空间的插值性质

讨论了Lp（M）的插值性质,得到Lp（M）是L∞与Lp的内插空间.同时当M（z）=∞Σn=1 anz^n,Φ（z）=∞Σn=1 bnz^n为非常数整函数,0≤bn≤an时,（L∞,Lp,Lp（M））是关于（L∞,Lp,Lp（Φ））的内插拼三组.     

亚纯函数分担有理函数的唯一性

采用权弱分担值的思想讨论两个亚纯函数fnf′,gng′权弱分担有理函数的唯一性,得到：设p（z）,q（z）为两个互质的n1,n2次多项式,f,g为两个非常数超越亚纯函数,如果fnf′与gng′分担＂（pq（（zz））,m）＂且（1）当2≤m≤∞时,满足n≥max{11,2n1＋4n2＋3};（2）当m=1时,满足n≥max{13,2n1＋4n2＋3};（3）当m=0时,满足n≥max{23,2n1＋4n2＋3},则f=c1Q（z）exp（α（z））,g=c2Q-1（z）exp（-α（z））,其中：c1,c2为2个常数且Q（z）是有理函数;α（z）为满足（c1c2）n＋1（Q′（z）/Q（z）＋α′（z））2≡（p（z）/q（z））2的多项式,或者f=tg,t为常数且满足tn＋1=1.     

平坦ΛCDM宇宙学模型下的光度距离级数解(英文)

宇宙学观测表明,目前宇宙的时空结构为平坦的且以暗能量(DE)为主要成分.光度距离对于研究宇宙的结构和演化具有重要意义,然而它在实际应用时需要进行繁重的数值求积过程.本文得到一个平坦ΛCDM宇宙学模型下的光度距离级数解.经过计算发现,在多项式阶数n=100,相对参数β∈[0,4](即0.2<ΩΛ<1,红移z>0.1)时,其相对误差低于0.36%.     

负能量与物理学疑难

分析了正能量粒子（粒子）与所伴随的德布罗意波（相波）之间的运动关系,提出了相波是负能量波;推测了负能量的数学表达式.在此基础上,得出了正能量对应于正熵、负能量对应于负熵;宇宙正能量与负能量之和为零;宇宙的正熵与负熵之和亦为零;自然万物的进化是宇宙发展必然产物的试探性结论.     

全纯函数与其微分多项式分担函数的正规性

研究全纯函数与其微分多项式分担函数,得到了如下的正规定则：设F是区域D内的全纯函数族,k是一正整数,h1（z）,h2（z）在区域D内的解析,满足｜h1（z）｜2＋｜h2（z）｜2≠0。若f∈F,f的零点重级至少为k,且f（z）=0｜f（k）（z）｜≤M（常数M〉0）,（z）=αi（z）L（Z）=αi（z）,i=1,2,其中L（z）=f∞（z）＋α1（z）f（k-1）（z）＋…＋αk（z）f（z）为f的微分多项式,αi（z）（i=1,2,…,k,k≥1）在D内解析,那么F在D内正规。     

IRT Approaches to Modeling Scores on Mixed-Format Tests

This article considers psychometric properties of composite raw scores and transformed scale scores on mixed-format tests that consist of a mixture of multiple-choice and free-response items. Test scores on several mixed-format tests are evaluated with respect to conditional and overall standard errors of measurement, score reliability, and classification consistency and accuracy under three item response theory (IRT) frameworks: unidimensional IRT (UIRT), simple structure multidimensional IRT (SS-MIRT), and bifactor multidimensional IRT (BF-MIRT) models. Illustrative examples are presented using data from three mixed-format exams with various levels of format effects. In general, the two MIRT models produced similar results, while the UIRT model resulted in consistently lower estimates of reliability and classification consistency/accuracy indices compared to the MIRT models.     

Training Staff to Measure the Engagement of Children with Disabilities in Inclusive Childcare Centres

Practitioner use of the revised Individual Child Engagement Record – Revised (ICER‐R) for observing children with disabilities in inclusive childcare is examined. Training in the use of the ICER‐R, which includes both a momentary time sampling observation system and rating scales, was provided across two training phases with five to seven participants. Four of the five participants who completed both phases of the training achieved greater than 80% inter‐observer agreement on the observation measure within the allocated time, and were able to maintain this level of agreement over subsequent observation sessions. There was consistency in ratings across observers and positive, statistically significant correlations were found for data gathered using momentary time sampling and data from rating scales. The practical value of the ICER‐R was supported by feedback provided through evaluation questionnaires completed by participants. Training childcare practitioners to systematically observe children with disabilities in inclusive childcare has the potential to benefit both children and staff.     

价值相对主义及其问题

价值相对主义坚持价值评价与价值规范由于各种因素无法形成一定的普遍价值,因而否认了价值一般。历史上各个时期的思想家们围绕价值规范何以可能,什么样的价值规范才是合理的争论不休。要解决这一问题并非易事,然而我们可以从人的理性和社会性的角度重新审视这一症结,从坚持价值相对性反对价值相对主义来探索价值规范的可能性和合理性问题。     

Assessing pupils’ attitudes towards religious and worldview diversity – development and validation of a nuanced measurement instrument

ABSTRACT

In this article, we outline the development and validation of an instrument for the assessment of attitudes towards religious diversity. The instrument uses four parallel scales, which evaluate attitudes towards Muslims, Christians, Jews and towards Non-religious people. Each scale is subdivided into eight parallel profile types and tests for the acceptance of six levels of social proximity. Drawing on a sample of 281 respondents (which include Muslims, Christians, Jews, Non-religious and Other) and employing the item response theory, we examine the reliability and validity of the instrument and present first results. We found that respondents discriminated greatly between the eight profile types and made clear distinctions with regard to the proximity of social relationships. Relative to these distinctions within each religion, differences between the four groups Muslims, Christians, Jews and Non-religious appeared minimal. These findings suggest that the results of previous research which indicate scepticism towards Islam despite general respect for religious diversity could be due to stereotyping.     

广义相对论中的时空度量和光速

爱因斯坦引力几何化的思想是解决引力本质问题的关键,从而广叉相对论中的时空度量问题就是实现这一思想的核心问题;关于广义相对论中是否存在有如狭义相对论那样的"光速不变"问题,往往有着不同的说法,在此给出了说明.     

对比语言学与二语习得关联性研究

本文以中介语对比分析理论、概念迁移理论、生成学习理论为依据,从对比语言学和二语习得的发展概况出发,以二语词汇习得等为例,论证对比语言学和二语习得之间存在:概念意义上,两者具有相交性;发展历程上,两者具有相似性;研究目的上,两者具有一致性。     

爱因斯坦建立广义相对论的思路

分析并阐述了爱因斯坦在义相对论基础上创建广义相对论的思路。     

量子力学曲率解释与爱因斯坦的非欧线元理论

随着广义相对论的兴起,以及微分几何在物理学中的广泛应用,曲率的概念已经贯穿于理论物理的各大分支.赵国求提出的量子力学曲率解释,不仅有助于协调量子力学与相对论,而且可以帮助人们以更接近广义相对论的思维方式来理解量子规范场论.赵国求认为在弱电统一理论的规范势与广义相对论中的引力势一样,代表着某种空间几何形态的弯曲.爱因斯坦在1927年,就根据赫兹在《力学原理》中的“最小曲率原理”,把薛定谔波动力学原始文献在有关量子波包具有曲率半径的思想,采用广义非欧线元的数学表述,提出了“ψ-曲率张量”的构想,但因为没有把握好深层次的量子关联,即后来玻姆提出的量子势的物理意义而误入歧途.     

Space and Time: From Antiquity to Einstein and Beyond

At the beginning of the 20th century, Einstein revolutionized the notions of space and time, first through special relativity and then, a decade later, through general relativity. Conceptual ideas underlying general relativity are explained and its physical ramifications summarized in general terms, without recourse to advanced mathematics. This theory is perhaps the most sublime creation of the human mind. Nonetheless, it has become increasingly clear that it too has serious limitations which can be overcome only through another dramatic revision of our notions of space and time. The article concludes by providing glimpses of what awaits us in the 21st century. Based on a public lecture given under the auspices of National Institute of Advanced Studies and Raman Research Institute, Bangalore on 22 December 2004.     

浅谈广义相对论

广义相对论由爱因斯坦（AlbertEinstein,1879年——1955年）所创立,是建立在狭义相对论基础之上的新的引力理论,是现代物理学重要的基础理论之一。几十年来,有过多的书籍介绍这一理论,内容偏于庞杂。文章试图对广义相对论的最基本内容进行一次阐述。这是试图以最少的篇幅说明这一理论的一次尝试。