Governing public universities in Arab countries

Traditionally in Arab public universities, presidents are appointed by government authorities. Recently, in uprising Arab countries universities' presidents have been elected by universities' faculty members. Neither traditional nor self-governance pattern succeeded to modernise Arab universities. Reforming patterns of governance is critical for improved productivity and accountability in Arab universities. Applying the modern pattern of university governance depends on the country's political system and extent of democracy. Arab countries need to establish an improved process of searching for leadership candidates. Improving patterns of universities' governance in Arab countries can lead to improving higher education and research and enhancing competitiveness among faculty members.     

Does higher education foster critical and creative learners? An exploration of two universities in South Korea and the USA

This paper describes two studies that explore students' beliefs about critical and creative learning at two universities, and considers the implications of those beliefs in comparison to the universities' stated education goals. One is a mixed method study of students at a top university in Korea, and the second is a comparative study between the Korean university and a United States (US) university. The first study found that both high-achievers and the general population at a top Korean university perceived their critical and creative abilities as lower than their receptive learning abilities, and that higher achievers were neither more critical nor creative than lower achievers. The second study finds that the Korean university students, compared to US students, were more likely to rate their receptive learning ability as higher than their critical and creative learning abilities. Comparisons across year of higher education (HE) suggest that Korean students' perceptions did not significantly change with respect to year in school, while US students' perceptions of critical learning abilities significantly increased across school years. Results are discussed with respect to the impact of culture, epistemological beliefs, and HE instruction on critical and creative learning.     

世界一流大学建设的鲍林格理念及其启示

李·C·鲍林格是美国哥伦比亚大学的第十九任校长.他在任期内致力于通过全球化与地方性相结合的治校方略,把哥伦比亚大学建设成为一个融合国际化战略与地方性品质于一身的世界一流大学,显著地促进了哥伦比亚大学的发展.鲍林格校长的办学理念和治校方略可资新时期大学改革借鉴,对当前的世界一流大学建设具有不菲的参考价值.     

Research in Greek Higher Education

The state of research in Greek higher education has far-reaching consequences. The fact that university research continues to function only sluggishly undermines the universities' educational task, isolates them from the social area to which they belong, heightens the country's economic and cultural dependence, weakens social criticism, and hampers the procedures of social reform. However much teaching might form a basic axis of the university's task—which it does to such an extent that it is often confused with the whole of its existence—research is of central importance in defining the university as an institution devoted to higher education, that is, a place where a critical analysis of the production, communication, and use of knowledge is attempted.     

博洛尼亚进程中俄罗斯学位制度改革的两难境地

博洛尼亚进程中,建立清晰、易读、可比的学位制度是欧洲国家的重要目标。俄罗斯曾因其独特的学位制度在世界高等教育领域独树一帜。随着2003年加入博洛尼亚进程,俄罗斯学位制度改革面临着巨大的压力,一方面要按照博洛尼亚的要求建立三级学位制度,另一方面又有来自国内决策、社会、高校等多方面的压力,使得俄罗斯的整个学位制度改革步履维艰。     

Quality Higher Education at the University of Novi Sad

As Serbian universities inherited a reputation for very high quality from the days of socialism, they have been somewhat reluctant to reform themselves, particularly to adopt the 3+2 degree award system as per the Bologna Process recommendation. In fact, Serbian universities are more successful in the international arena at macro-level than at micro-level. Still, the author's university, the University of Novi Sad, is reforming itself along the lines of the Bologna recommendations.     

The ivory tower revisited

The corollary of the concept of the ‘ivory tower’, as reflected in the writings of Plato and Newman amongst others, was, paradoxically, the vital importance of the university for wider society. Nevertheless from the mid-twentieth century, the esteem in which a ‘liberal’ university education was held was diminished by rising expectations that higher education institutions would actively contribute to addressing broader socio-economic challenges through ‘knowledge-transfer’, education for employment, and community service. However while this linear conception of universities' ‘third mission’ eroded their ‘ivory tower’ status, the death knell of the ‘ivory tower’ rings in contemporary literature on higher education, which articulates a dialectical view of its historical development in which the university and wider society are synthesised in the ‘engaged university’. With its focus on reciprocal ‘knowledge-exchange’, the co-creation of knowledge through teaching and learning, and civic engagement, the ‘engaged university’ embraces the ‘other’ as intrinsic to its identity. Yet arguably the increasing instrumentalism and democratisation of higher education are irrevocably eroding the academic freedom and institutional autonomy upon which universities' immeasurable contribution to society ultimately depends.     

欧洲高等教育一体化改革:博洛尼亚进程的结构与过程分析

为应对全球竞争的挑战,顺应欧洲一体化的大趋势,29个欧洲国家于20世纪末启动了旨在整合欧洲高等教育体系的博洛尼亚进程。博洛尼亚进程以可比较、兼容、透明原则构建高等教育系统框架,以达成多样性与一致性的统一;注重整体设计,系统推进;在政策的制定上注重利益相关者的参与,为其顺利推进赢得了广泛的社会支持。博洛尼亚进程的设计、组织与管理,对我国实施系统的高等教育改革具有重要的启示和借鉴意义。     

发展健康校园音乐文化,助力大学精神建设

大学精神是大学发展和社会进步的文化结晶,是高校自立、自强、自觉、自信的"软实力",是大学文化中得以凝固下来并被继承和发扬的文化精髓,建设一流大学必然应该重视大学精神建设。作为大学文化重要内容与形式之一的校园音乐文化,应摆脱流行音乐垄断校园的局面,而以多种传播途径,实现多元健康发展,从而在建设和传承大学精神的过程中发挥助力作用。     

博洛尼亚进程中意大利高等教育学位制度改革

"采用以两个层次为主的学位体系"是"博洛尼亚进程"改革中的重要内容.为融入欧洲高等教育区,继续推行高等教育自治和克服传统高等教育学位制度的弊端,意大利政府在<博洛尼亚宣言>颁布后实施学位制度改革,引入了"3+2"双层学位制度.本文在分析意大利实施学位制度改革的背景与动因的基础上,阐述了其改革措施、改革成效、改革中遇到的问题与解决方法,以期对我国高等教育学位制度改革有所借鉴.     

The External Dimension of the Bologna Process: Higher Education in South East Europe and the European Higher Education Area in a Global World Reforming the Universities of South East Europe in|sq| View of the Bologna Process

Although the Bologna Process expresses the conviction that the higher education systems of the countries signatory to the Bologna Declaration (1999) should become increasingly comparable and compatible, it leaves higher education as a national responsibility and protects and encourages cultural and educational diversity. Given this statement of principle, the author discusses the special problems involved in adapting the higher education systems of South East Europe to the Bologna Process, citing his own country, Slovenia, as an example. He examines the issues of diversity versus integration, the modernization of curricula, the development of a proper balance between institutional autonomy and the national co-ordination of higher edu cation, the links between university and non-university higher education, and the preparation, in higher education institutions, of teachers for primary and secondary school education.     

International University Education: An Australian Perspective

This paper attempts to explore the effectiveness of UK universities' websites. The area of branding in higher education has received increasing academic investigation, but little work has researched how universities demonstrate their brand promises through their websites. The quest to differentiate through branding can be challenging in the university context, however. It is argued that those institutions that have a strong distinctive image will be in a better position to face a changing future. Employing a multistage methodology, the web pages of 20 UK universities were investigated by using a combination of content and multivariable analysis. Results indicated ‘traditional values’ such as teaching and research were often well communicated in terms of online brand but ‘emotional values’ like social responsibility and the universities' environments were less consistently communicated, despite their increased topicality. It is therefore suggested that emotional values may offer a basis for possible future online differentiation.     

公立高校教师聘用合同的法律性质重审 ——基于控权论的立场

在高校人才竞争加剧的背景下，受行政管制与市场调节两种制度逻辑彼此嵌套的影响，高校教师聘约义务的约定日趋多元、复杂和严苛，由此产生的法律争议不断增多。当前，法院的司法裁判倾向于支持高校聘约义务设定的自主权，而缺乏对教师择业自由和职业安全等合法权益的法律保障。公立高校教师人事争议案件中权利导向的缺失，源于劳动、人事关系“并轨”背景下法院对教师聘用合同法律性质的认知偏差。忽视学术职业的特殊性与公益性事业法人的公共属性，简单机械地适用劳动法领域的原理和法律技术，暗合了学术评价的“五唯”取向以及高校人事管理的“行政化”，不利于教师权利的法律救济。应以控权论为基本立场，增强高校聘用制改革的权利导向。通过高校内部治理的变革与司法审查立场的转变，进一步强化教师聘用合同作为特殊劳动合同的“特殊性”。     

The Establishment of Quality Assurance Mechanisms at the University of Nis and Other Systemic Changes in Serbian Higher Education

The author, the Rector of the University of Nis in Serbia and Montenegro, describes the recent introduction of quality control mechanisms and other reform measures in his university. These reform measures are intended to help adapt the university to the Bologna Process. The carrying out of these reforms has been aided by a university-wide evaluation that was conducted in 2002 by a team of the European Association of Universities. A second impetus for reform has been the participation of the University of Nis in the activities of the Regional University Network on Governance and Management of Higher Education in South East Europe.     

Kinesiology in the Cultural Evolution of Academia

Three forces that are reshaping society in this country—the economy, the availability of information and technology, and changes in ethnic demography—are creating major changes in higher education. Federal funding, which has been the major provider of research and training projects, is undergoing reductions and changes in priorities. State funding has shrunk to very low percentages of the overall universities' budgets. A consequence is the “privatization” of universities: the development of university–business partnerships, the scramble for endowments and foundation support, and the sale of university names and icons for large donations. Two other forces changing higher education are the rise of multiculturalism and the aging of the faculty. In order to survive and actualize our visions in the 21st century, kinesiologists and physical educators must use an understanding of the roots and impact of societal change as a compass for charting the future.     

日本高校“主动学习”的构建与发展

近年来,为了适应社会发展,提升高等教育的质量,在世界范围内掀起了“从教向学的范式转换”改革热潮。日本高校自2012年起积极推进“主动学习”,其中既包含教师教学也包含学生学习。为深入理解日本高校“主动学习”的理论和方法,需要从基本概念入手,对“主动学习”产生的学术理论背景、社会背景、政府政策导向、推进状况、经验与教训进行深入的考察与分析,以期对我国高校的教学改革有所启发。     

波洛尼亚进程框架下俄罗斯高等教育系统的改革

波洛尼亚进程是欧洲高等教育一体化进程的重要组成部分,俄罗斯于2003年签署了<波洛尼亚宣言>.本文主要介绍了俄罗斯在该进程框架下所采取的一系列改革措施.     

国际学科排名指标体系及中国学科格局分析——基于世界大学学科排名数据

本文从四大国际学科排名指标体系及学科评价方法出发, 比较各大世界学科排名异同性;用数据对比中国和美国高水平大学学科的差距,分析中国大学学科格局现状,指出中国建设世界一流大学的学科建设,需不断优化学科布局,加强学科建设。     

Changing Definitions of University Autonomy: The Cases of England and Japan

The purpose of the paper is to elucidate the different meaning of university autonomy historically and comparatively. The paper examines the shift in the definition of the university autonomy in England and Japan. It argues that the definition of university autonomy in England and Japan differed traditionally. In England, university autonomy functioned as the universities' ideology to protect the universities from outside of pressure. In Japan, university autonomy was understood in relation to the Ministerial coordination. The market‐oriented policies in those countries have changed the meaning of university autonomy, bringing about “contractual autonomy” in England and institutional autonomy in Japan.     

Bachelor of What,Master of Whom? The Humboldt Myth and Historical Transformations of Higher Education in German‐Speaking Europe and the US1

Public debate on higher education reform today is dominated by competing views about what higher education institutions, particularly universities, are or should become. To a surprising extent, these views are based upon highly simplified characterisations of university history. The claims in question have been repeated so often that they have become clichés. Historical research has challenged all these conventional claims. The article aims to acquaint readers with the most important of these challenging results. Central here is an analysis of The Humboldt Myth about the rise of the modern research university in Germany and its alleged export to the US, and of the reasons why that myth remains so powerful, even though it has very little relation to realities on the ground. A second goal is to try to bring out some of the implications that a revision of standard views of higher education history might have for current policy debates, focusing in particular on the Bologna process.