四川省智障儿童学习活动支持程度调查研究

本研究主要通过问卷调查分析智障儿童学习活动支持程度的特点。通过研究发现,不同性别、年龄、家庭所在地、父母受教育水平、家庭序列的智障学生在基本学习活动、自我决定活动、健康与安全活动所需支持程度差异不显著;不同家庭社经水平的智障儿童在自我决定活动、健康与安全活动所需支持程度差异不显著,但在基本学习活动上差异显著;不同智力水平在基本学习活动、自我决定活动所需支持程度差异显著,但在健康与安全活动方面差异不显著;不同适应行为水平的智障儿童在自我决定活动、健康与安全活动所需支持程度差异显著。     

正向行为支持改变学生问题行为的研究

学生的课堂问题行为不仅影响教师的教学,而且影响学生的课堂学习。本研究采用正向行为支持法对一名智障儿童在课堂中出现的问题行为给予相应的干预措施,以减少课堂中智障儿童的问题行为现象的发生,验证该方法对干预智障儿童的问题行为的有效性。研究者对智障儿童的课堂问题行为进行功能评估,分析其行为产生的功能。通过采用单一被试实验设计中的ABA实验设计,制定有针对性的正向行为支持计划,并进行行为干预。研究结果表示,采用正向行为支持法处理智障儿童问题行为是有效果的。     

中重度智力障碍儿童对简单货币概念的理解

采用货币识别与币值比较两种测试任务探索中重度智障儿童对人民币认识与使用的发展情况。结果表明:中重度智障儿童在人民币识别与比较任务的正确率呈现随着学龄增长而升高;中重度智障儿童识别人民币的能力显著强于比较币值大小的能力;中重度智障儿童的各种不同币值概念发展不均衡。     

智障学生与正常学生再认记忆的比较研究

本研究采用中国韦氏智力量表和二项必选数字记忆测验对智障学生进行测试,二项必选数字记忆测验对正常学生进行测试,比较智障学生与正常学生及不同程度智障学生之间再认记忆的差异。结果显示1、智障学生与对照组二项测验容易条目得分的差异无统计学显著意义;困难条目得分、总分的差异有统计学显著意义;2、不同程度智障学生二项测验困难条目得分和总分的差异有统计学显著意义,容易条目得分的差异无统计学显著意义;困难条目得分智商为35-49分组显著低于智商为50-69分及70-85分组。由此得出结论智障学生的再认记忆因干扰刺激与目标刺激之间的辨别难易程度不同而存在损伤分离现象,其损伤也受到智力缺陷程度的影响。     

智障班级儿童不良行为的矫正刍议

正走访智障班级,常有老师说":这个孩子没治了,整天在学校捣乱,一会儿是打架,一会儿是骂人,要不就是上课大声讲话、贫嘴……"这些不良行为实际上是智障儿童的心理特征。这一点,我们可以从智障儿童的定义中得到启示。所谓智障是指智力明显低于一般人的水平,并显示出适应行为的障碍。这里的"适应行为障碍",也就是与正常人的行为相比,智障儿童的行为有些异常。特别是低年龄智障儿童,这些异常行为表现更多更频繁,如上课吸吮手指、咬铅笔、咬书、吃橡皮、吃纸、吃书、随意大声讲话、大喊大叫、用头撞桌子撞墙等。针对低年龄智障儿童的这些不良行为,可以运用什么方法矫正呢?     

智力障碍儿童对多少概念的理解

以100名智力障碍儿童为研究对象,采用数量判定任务调查智障儿童多少概念的发展情况。结果表明：智障儿童对多少概念的理解随着学龄的递增而提高;智障儿童在比较高表面相似物品数量的正确率显著高于低表面相似物品的正确率;智障儿童对相同物品多少比较的理解显著优于相同物品的数量排序。     

智力障碍学生情绪与行为问题的个案研究

情绪与行为问题一种常见的心理问题,它直接影响智障儿童的融合,同时对其身心健康也有明显的不良影响。本研究采用认知疗法、正向行为支持法、自我指导法等多种策略对一个中度智障学生情绪与行为问题进行干预,取得了比较理想的效果。     

奖惩对轻度智障儿童抑制性控制功能的影响

采用停止信号任务范式,考察在不同反馈类型和反馈频度下轻度智障儿童的抑制性控制功能。结果显示：在停止信号任务的优势反应阶段,轻度智障儿童在奖励条件下反应时最短,并且不同频度的反应时之间无显著差异;在非优势反应阶段,中等频率的奖惩混合条件下,正确抑制率最高。这说明奖励能加快轻度智障儿童的反应,而奖惩结合的方式则抑制轻度智障儿童的反应。     

利用正向行为支持减少智障儿童攻击性行为的个案研究

攻击性行为是智障儿童最容易出现的挑战性行为之一。在功能评估结果的基础上,采用正向行为支持干预策略,在数学课堂上对一名智障儿童的攻击性行为进行干预,有效减少了该儿童的攻击性行为。     

中度智障学生性表达失当行为综合干预个案研究

智障学生进入青春期后,由于认知发展障碍,性生理成熟与性心理滞后的矛盾,使得他们很难以恰当的方式在恰当的场所表达性需求,因此,这一特殊群体的性教育迫在眉睫.文章运用访谈法、观察法、单一被试法,通过比较干预期与撤销实验处理后基线期的数据,探讨智障儿童性表达失当行为的有效干预技术、方法和策略.结果表明,该生的性表达失当行为干预期与基线期有显著差异,由此得出恰当的干预可有效地规范智障儿童性行为的表达.     

聋生智力与行为问题的调查研究

本研究采用瑞文标准推理测验和Rutter儿童行为问卷对深圳唯一的一所特殊学校的在校聋生进行调查,分析、比较聋生中存在的智力与行为问题。结论聋生中存在一定比例的有听力、智力、行为问题等双重或多重障碍的学生,行为问题以情绪问题为主;聋生行为问题的出现在不同智力水平的学生之间有显著差别,而与学生的性别、年龄没有显著的相关;注意力不集中或短暂是所有学生的突出特点。     

弱智学生的智力与适应行为的特征与关系分析

本研究从国内两所特殊教育学校采集了133名年龄在7岁至17岁之间的弱智学生的智力和适应行为的测量数据,经过统计处理,结果发现:随着智力落后程度的加重,弱智学生在智力测验的各个分测验上的发展水平会显著地下降;平均水平较低;学生智力落后的程度越重,其适应行为的发展水平越低;弱智学生的智力与适应行为存在极其显著的相关;弱智学生的智力和适应行为的发展不存在显著的性别差异。建议培智学校的课程设置和课程标准的制定需要针对不同程度弱智学生的认知特点,以适应学生的能力差异,这也是培智学校课程研究必然的方向。     

Effectiveness of Short Term Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training in College Students with Cluster B Personality Disorders

This pilot project investigates the efficacy of an 11-week dialectical behavior therapy skills training class in increasing adaptive skill use and emotion regulation in college students with cluster B personality disorders or traits. Subjects are students (N?=?19, mean age = 21.31, 1 male, 18 female) at a southeastern university counseling center. Students meeting criteria but not interested in attending the group were recruited to serve as control subjects who received treatment as usual. As compared to treatment as usual, dialectical behavior therapy participants had significant improvement in increasing skills use and decreasing maladaptive coping skills; there was a trend for improvement in difficulty regulating emotions.     

An adaptive mechanism for Moodle based on automatic detection of learning styles

This paper proposes an automatic approach that detects students’ learning styles in order to provide adaptive courses in Moodle. This approach is based on students’ responses to the ILS and the analysis of their interaction behavior within Moodle by applying a data mining technique. In conjunction to this, an adaptive mechanism that was implemented in Moodle is presented. This adaptive mechanism builds the user model based mainly on the proposed approach for automatic detection of learning styles in order to adapt the presentation and the proposed navigation to students’ different learning styles and educational objectives. An evaluation study was conducted to evaluate the proposed approach for automatic detection of learning styles and the effect of the adaptive mechanism. Two groups of students were formed, namely the experimental and the control. The first had access to a Moodle course that automatically detected their learning styles and exploited the adaptive mechanism, whilst the second had access to the standard version of a Moodle course. The results were promising since they indicated that our proposed approach for automatic detection of learning styles attained adequate precision compared to other works, even though the patterns considered are less complex. Additionally, the results indicated that the adaptive mechanism positively affected students’ motivation and performance.     

An Adaptive Blended Learning Model for the Implementation of an Integrated Medical Neuroscience Course During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The implementation of an integrated medical neuroscience course by technologically pivoting an in-person neuroscience course to online using an adaptive blended method may provide a unique approach for teaching a medical neuroscience course during the Covid-19 pandemic. An adaptive blended learning method was developed in response to the requirements necessitated by the Covid-19 pandemic. This model combined pedagogical needs with digital technology using online learning activities to implement student learning in a medical neuroscience course for year one medical students. This approach provided medical students with an individually customized learning opportunity in medical neuroscience. The students had the complete choice to engage the learning system synchronously or asynchronously and learn neuroscience materials at different locations and times in response to the demands required to deal with the pandemic. Students' performance in summative and formative examinations of the adaptive blended learning activities were compared with the previous performance obtained the previous year when the contents of the medical neuroscience course were implemented using the conventional “face-to-face” learning approach. While the cohort of our students in 2019 and 2020 changed, the contents, sessions, volume of material, and assessment were constant. This enabled us to compare the results of the 2019 and 2020 classes. Overall, students' performance was not significantly different between the adaptive blended learning and the in-person approach. More students scored between 70% and 79% during the adaptive blended learning compared with in-class teaching, while more students scored between 80% and 89% during the in-person learning than during the adaptive blended learning. Finally, the percentage of students that scored >90% was not significantly different for both Years 2019 and 2020. The adaptive blended learning approach was effective in enhancing academic performance for high-performing medical students. It also permitted the early identification of underachieving students, thereby serving as an early warning sign to permit timely intervention.     

A survey of school psychologists' practices for identifying mentally retarded students

Surveys containing questions about identifying mentally retarded students were mailed to 500 randomly selected school psychologists, of whom 160 (32%) returned completed, usable forms. The Wechsler scales were the most frequently used tests for deriving IQ scores, which together with adaptive behavior scale scores were rated as most influential in identification-placement decisions. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were rated as the most used instruments for assessing adaptive delays. School psychologists were in less accord on issues such as the use of alternative norms for minority and lower SES students (35% confirmed their use), the application of an adaptive behavior standard score of 70 (47.7% indicated such use), and whether an established IQ score, such as 70, could be treated flexibly (27.2% stated they sometimes identified students with scores above the cut-off value). Suggestions are made for future research and current practice.     

Students’ perceptions of teacher impact on their self-directed language learning with technology beyond the classroom: cases of Hong Kong and U.S.

Teachers are important social agents who affect students’ cognitive and social behaviors, including students’ self-directed use of technology for language learning outside the classroom. However, how teachers influence student behaviors may vary across cultures, and understanding how teacher influences vary across different cultures is critical to developing culturally adaptive approaches to enhance students’ self-directed use of technology for learning outside the classroom. This study surveyed 418 undergraduate foreign language learners (190 from Hong Kong and 228 from the U.S.) on their intention to use technology for language learning outside the classroom, teacher influence and other psychosocial factors that may affect their technology use intentions. Structural equation modeling analyses of the survey responses indicated that teacher capacity support was consistently the most influential teacher practice affecting students’ self-directed technology use across the two cultures, whereas teacher affective support and teacher behavior support were significant predictors for Hong Kong students but not for U.S. students.     

初中聋生社会适应行为与主观幸福感的关系

为探讨初中聋生社会适应行为与主观幸福感状况及两者之间的关系,本研究采用主观幸福感量表和中学聋生社会适应量表对145名在校初中聋生进行调查。结果发现:初中聋生主观幸福感的总体情况好于中等水平;初中聋生社会适应行为总体状况低于中等水平;在社会适应行为的四个维度中,学业能力、寻求社会支持、亲社会行为与生活满意度、正性情感存在显著正相关,与负性情感存在显著负相关;学业能力是生活满意度与正性情感最主要的预测因素,且起显著的正向预测作用,具有跨年级的稳定性;寻求社会支持、亲社会行为也对生活满意度起着正向预测作用。     

北京市智力落后学生身体机能发育水平的调查研究

目的为了探讨智力落后学生身体机能(脉搏、血压、肺活量)的发育规律及水平。方法对北京市12所培智学校的全体在校学生(生病者除外)进行测查。结果如下(1)智力落后学生总的身体机能发育指标符合普通学生的发展趋势,身体的机能随年龄增长而逐渐增加,但肺通气机能增加不明显。(2)智力落后学生机能发育指标存在性别的特点,其中肺活量约从11岁半起男性明显高于女性,而肺活量指数约从13岁起男性明显高于女性,并维持下去。男性的收缩压从14岁起高于女性。舒张压及脉搏的性别特点则不明显。(3)智力落后学生身体机能改善不明显,尤其是女性各项机能指标在近20年来增长的速度变慢。(4)智力落后学生身体机能发育水平与普通学生的发育水平有差异,主要表现在反映呼吸机能的肺活量及肺活量指数均不如正常学生;另外智力落后学生的脉搏频率高于正常学生,也可在一定程度上反映心血管机能不如正常学生;智力落后女性的舒张压低于正常学生。     

北京市智力落后学生身体素质发育水平的调查研究

为了解智力落后学生身体素质发育水平的现状,建立基础数据,为建立具有智力落后儿童特色的体育教学大纲提出科学依据,课题组指定专人在规定的时间内,对北京市11所培智学校的学生进行四项指标测查。结论显示智力落后学生也与普通学生一样,各项身体素质发育指标的均值总的趋势是随年龄的增长而增长。13岁以前男女各年龄段的身体素质发育指标的增长趋势不平稳,特别是在10～13岁之间,女生的各项身体素质发育指标的增长速度快于男生,但总体差异不大;13岁以后,男生各年龄段的身体素质发育指标均值明显高于女生。智力落后学生优势手不明显。