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Alastair Wilson 《Metascience》2012,21(1):143-146
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徐克学 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1982,20(4):502-509
In this paper, the various mathematical methods applied to taxonomy are intro-
duced to readers. Some approaches to the classification induced by statistics, graph
theory, information theory, fuzzy mathematics are discussed. An example of classifica-
tion (6 OTU’s with 8 characters) is given for convenience of discussion. The original
data matrix of this example is obtained from 6 species in the family of Campanulaceae.
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课程教学大纲是教师教学和学生学习的指导性文件。随着教育教学改革的不断深入,各地方院校更加注重专业设置对接产业需求,课程内容对接职业标准,教学过程对接生产过程,培养应用型技术人才,为地方经济建设服务。同时,积极推行"以学生为中心"的教学范式变革,提高应用型本科人才培养质量。为适应教育教学改革的需要,课程教学大纲必须从内容以及编制的组织形式等方面作相应的改变。新的课程教学大纲,强调厘清课程教学目标与专业人才培养目标规格的相关性,使教师明白所任课程承担的人才培养职责;强调课程教学中"目标-活动-评价"的一致性;强调课程考核以学生的学习成果导向。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104830
Standards are connected to innovation in numerous ways. They often define the interfaces that products use to communicate, the features that are critical for safety, and even the metrics by which innovation is assessed. Interest in standards has grown with the widespread adoption of digital technologies, the rise in global trade, and the recognition that standards can provide urgently needed tools for measuring and promoting environmental and social sustainability. This introduction to the special issue on Standards and Innovation describes some of the key trends and issues related to standardization, then outlines themes that link the ten papers in the special issue, and concludes with some thoughts on avenues for future research. 相似文献
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