民国时期私立高等教育的简要评述

民国时期私立高等教育缘起于我国古代私立高等教育传统的演进、欧美各国私立大学的启示 ,以及教会在我国创办大学的影响。私学的创办者以复兴民族、富强国家、教育先行为指导思想。北京民国政府制定了私立高等教育的政策、法规 ,进行了较为认真监督、审核 ,但学校数量少 ,规模小 ,经费缺 ,设备差 ,教学不很正规 ,管理比较涣散。南京国民政府颁布了规范管理和帮助私立高等学校的各项法令与规定 ,私立高等教育的发展较快 ,成为高等教育体系的组成部分 ,配合公立高等学校 ,培育了许多专门人才 ,积累的办学经验对现时代私立高等学校建设和管理都有借鉴意义     

SITUATION OF UNIVERSITIES IN ISRAEL AS REPORTED BY THE PLANNING AND GRANTS COMMITTEE OF THE ISRAELI COUNCIL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

The following article is based on the main elements of the Annual Report No. 5 ‐ Academic Year 1977/78 of the Planning and Grants Committee at the Israeli Council for Higher Education, which serves as a liaison between the universities and government of Israel, and other national institutions concerned with higher education. In addition we present the recent statistical data on higher education (universities) in Israel as given in “Higher Education in Israel ‐Statistical Abstracts 1977/78”, which constitute an integral part of the Report.     

欧洲高等教育一体化进程初探

1999年6月19日,欧洲29国教育部部长聚集在意大利城市波罗格那,协商统一欧洲高等教育体系,并计划在2010年建成欧洲高等教育共同体。这所谓的波罗格那进程意味着,不同国家高等教育机构间的合作将被商业化的教育市场上的国际竞争所取代。值得关注的是,波罗格那进程将不可避免地分化高等教育理念、消解大学自治精神、弱化高等教育质量保障机制。作者认为,波罗格那进程只是个梦想。尽管如此,可以预见,欧洲高等教育共同体的构建对于全球化时代中我国高等教育的国际发展有着重要的战略意义。     

PROBLEMS OF ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ACADEMIC STRUCTURES

Problems of access to higher education are currently receiving considerable attention. One of the factors governing access to higher education systems and institutions is the structure of the systems themselves. This problem was the main concern of a research report written by Professor Burton R. Clark, Chairman of the Programme of Comparative and Historical Studies of Higher Education at Yale University, and the main elements of the report are given below.     

泰国高等教育质量保障体系及启示

泰国高等教育的质量保障体系由外部质量保障和内部质量保障两大体系组成。在外部,国家教育标准与质量评估办公室这一公益性组织负责对全国所有高等教育机构实施每五年一次的外部质量监控。在内部,各高等教育机构非常重视内部质量保障体系的建设,设立有校级、学院级、中心级等不同层次的教学质量保障委员会,负责对学校的教学、科研和学生服务等方面进行全程监控,以确保提供的教育产品和输出的质量达到国家和国际标准。这一做法对我国高等教育系统的质量保障体系建设具有重要的借鉴意义。     

UNITED STATES: CREATION OF THE COUNCIL FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Seven major United States higher education associations are Charter members of the US Council for International Co‐operation in Higher Education (CICHE) whose objective is to encourage international educational collaboration between US higher education and the higher education communities of other countries. The creation of the Council has been recommended by the study “International Linkages in Higher Education Feasibility Study”.

We give below information on this study and the main task of CICHE.     

《加州高等教育总体规划》对我国高教改革的启示

加州是美国公立高等教育发展水平最高的一个州,其独具特色的教育组织结构和组织管理运行方式一直是美国其他各州和世界其他各国纷纷仿效的典范。加州高效有序的高等教育结构体系和运行方式由《加州高等教育总体规划》设计,作为处理高等教育大众化阶段典型发展矛盾的法律汇编和当代教育史上最重要的高等教育改革文献,《加州高等教育总体规划》代表了全球化时代高等教育的政策发展走向,对美国乃至世界高等教育都产生了重大影响,与我国现在高等教育分类发展、内涵发展的现实要求具有很大的相似与切合之处。充分吸收其经验,规避其不足是我们今天再一次认真研读《加州高等教育总体规划》的价值所在。     

论教育性的高等教育质量观

高等教育质量观是人们对高等教育质量的基本看法和基本观点,体现了人们对高等教育发展程度的立场。多维的研究视角和丰硕的高等教育质量观研究成果,丰富了高等教育质量观的内涵,拓宽了研究的视域,但也导致了高等质量观迷失本性的深刻危机。回归教育性,体现教育的主体性意义和价值,是高等教育质量观的本然诉求。教育性高等教育质量观关注高等教育的内在规定性和终极价值,将人置于中心位置,反映了高等教育内部的教育要素、教育过程和教育品性。     

INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY ‐ THE PRESENT TASK OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USSR

The rapid development and increased efficiency of education is not an internal issue, but an urgent, objective necessity of society. A recent article written by V.P. Yelyutin, Minister of Higher Education and Specialized Secondary Education of the USSR, treats this problem in relation to the development of knowledge of working people, the organization of all problems related to education, and especially higher education.     

INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY ‐ THE PRESENT TASK OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USSR

The rapid development and increased efficiency of education is not an internal issue, but an urgent, objective necessity of society. A recent article written by V.P. Yelyutin, Minister of Higher Education and Specialized Secondary Education of the USSR, treats this problem in relation to the development of knowledge of working people, the organization of all problems related to education, and especially higher education.     

高等职业教育概念的岐见分析与界定

高等职业教育概念迄今尚未明确界定,本在对目前常见的看法进行归纳分析的基础上,提出了“由高等学校和高等教育机构实施的旨在培养高技术人才的高等教育,称为高等职业教育”的定义,据此,目前若干技术类本科高校应归属高等职业教育;高等职业教育应面向职业个体进行全程开放式教育,并将处于现代终身教育体系中的核心地位。     

Oral English language proficiency of ITAs: Policy,implementation, and contributing factors

Student complaints to legislators led to 20 states mandating higher educational institutions develop policy on oral English language proficiency of instructors. These mandates directed public institutions to certify oral English language proficiency of international teaching assistants. Universities responded to these mandates by developing policy requiring formal evaluation of international teaching assistants and provision for remediation of those whose skills were deficient. Demographic factors which led to these mandates are number of non-resident aliens and number of students in higher education institutions in the state. Institutional factors leading to policy were graduate enrollment and degree granting status of institutions.Clayton F. Thomas obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa. He is a Professor of Educational Administration and Foundations at Illinois State University and is affiliated with the Center for Higher Education. Patricia K. Monoson obtained her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. She is an Associate Professor of Speech Pathology at Illinois State University and is affiliated with the Center for Higher Education.     

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN POLISH HIGHER EDUCATION

There is general agreement concerning the need for more effective forms and methods of the educational process. Search of the new solutions point to the growing importance of educational technology. The following article, written for “Higher Education in Europe” by Dr. Stanis?aw Jarmark, Chief of the Department of New Teaching Techniques of the Technical University of Poznan, discusses the growing use of educational technology at the Polish institutions of higher education.     

Strategic planning: Evolution of a model

In the 1990s many institutions are faced with pressures to serve the needs of society while facing declining financial resources. This increases the need for institutions to properly plan for the future. The literature shows that many institutions have not embraced the need for strategic planning. This article reviews the systems approach to strategic planning as a method to enhance the planning processes. Planning models in the literature were examined, and a new model specifically oriented to institutions of higher education is presented. The model uses the concepts of the systems approach, combines elements of models in the literature, and shows the relationships and responsibilities of elements of the institution.Thomas S. Barker holds a B.S.B.A. from Christopher Newport University, an M.B.A. from Old Dominion University, and a Ph.D. in Higher Education from the University of North Texas. He is a principal in an educational consulting firm and has written on international education and technology transfer. Special interests include international education, developing countries, and cross-cultural ethics. Howard W. Smith is currently Professor of Higher Education and Interim Dean of the College of Education at the University of North Texas. He holds a B.S. in Education from Southwest Missouri State College and M.Ed. and Ed.D. degrees from the University of Missouri-Columbia. His current interests are higher education administration, planning, accreditation, and teacher education.     

Sharp focus on soft skills: a case study of Malaysian university students’ educational expectations

In 2006, the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, recommended that all public institutions of higher learning in the country incorporate soft skills formation into their curricula. This qualitative study aimed to explore Malaysian students?? expectations of university education with a special focus on the acquisition of soft skills and to examine the students?? perceptions of the instructors?? and the courses?? effectiveness in fulfilling their educational agendas. Ninety-six students at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) participated in this study. The findings revealed that their educational expectations were varied and diverse and could be separated into three categories, such as ??Life Skills??, ??Subject Matter (Hard Skills)??, and ??Soft Skills??. The students considered soft skills formation as an important part of university education. However, not all of the soft skills identified by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, were mentioned by the respondents. The article discusses the implications of the study??s findings for Malaysia??s higher education policy.     

解决教师教育与基础教育脱节问题的尝试——菲律宾教师教育理事会的经验及其对我国的启示

为解决教师教育和基础教育需求脱节的问题,菲律宾成立了教师教育理事会。我国应当从高等师范教育体制入手,借鉴菲律宾的经验,建立类似的机构,使之与高等师范教育直接相关的两大因素形成良好的信息反馈机制,从而根本地解决问题。     

HIGHER EDUCATION AND THE WORLD OF WORK: AN OVERVIEW

This article presents an overview of the state of the art in studies of higher education and the world of work, based on papers, some of which are published in this issue, presented at the 1992 annual meeting of the Consortium of Higher Education Researchers. It considers the contributions made to the study of the subject by different disciplines and sketches the range of relationships between higher education and work. It discusses the contribution of higher education to the labour market, its diversity and dynamics, and the employment experiences of graduates. It analyses the different value systems of the two sides, their expressions of needs, and reciprocal impacts. It asks what role government and institutions play in effecting the relationship. It analyses the knowledge and skills content of higher education. And, finally, it offers a research agenda. The emphasis of the paper is on the substantive issues against their institutional and structural aspects.     

高等农业院校参与农村社区教育的比较优势分析

农村社区教育是通过开发和利用各种资源,促进社区农民综合素质的提高,进而推进农村社区的经济发展、科技进步和服务改善等的教育活动。当前的农村社区教育面临着政策能否落实、管理是否健全、农民是否自觉等方面的困境。高等农业院校在人才、劳动力、教育、科技、合作企业等方面均具有很好的优势。高等农业院校参与农村社区教育具有四种实践途径:农村社区定向招生和奖助帮扶模式、中小学教育帮扶和社区成人教育模式、农村社区的文化教育模式、"院校—政府—社区"三结合的农业合作模式。     

The impact of community college attendance on baccalaureate attainment

Community colleges are seen as contradictory institutions. Supporters contend that community colleges increase baccalaureate attainment by providing access to higher education for students who would otherwise not attend college, while critics argue that these institutions decrease baccalaureate attainment for students who would otherwise attend a 4-year institution. Using the National Education Longitudinal Study, this article advances the literature on the impact of community colleges on baccalaureate attainment by estimating new models that allow controlling for pathways of enrollment while using different measures of educational expectations and correcting for college choice. Findings suggest that community colleges significantly reduce the probability of attaining a bachelor’s degree, as compared to 4-year institutions, an effect that remains after having taken into account non-traditional enrollment pathways, educational expectations, and self-selection into 2-year and 4-year institutions.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the November 2004 Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education.     

FIRST STAGE OF REFORM OF GREEK HIGHER EDUCATION

In August 1978 the Greek Parliament passed Law 815/1978 concerning higher education. We present below the main elements of this law, which concerns the administrative structure of higher education institutions and the organization of the system of studies in the context of the general situation of higher education in Greece. This information is based on a report prepared by Professor Lyssimahos Mavridis, of the University of Thessaloniki and Director General of Higher Education at the Ministry of National Education and Cults. The report was given at the 3rd Meeting of the Group on Reform and Development of Tertiary Education in Southern Europe, which was organized by the Council of Europe and held from 20 to 22 September 1978 in Delphi.