Yugoslav Universities and Inter‐University International Co‐Operation

Inter‐university international co‐operation is very strongly favoured by the Yugoslav government as part of its overall policy of nonalignment. Numerous bilateral and multilateral projects are being pursued by the Union of Universities of Yugoslavia and by individual Yugoslav universities. The sponsorship of the “University Today” International Seminar by the Union is one manifestation of this policy as is the encouragement which it gives its member universities to join appropriate international university associations, including regional ones. Currently, the Union is favouring the increased international exchange of students. The internationalization of universities opens them to the most progressive and advanced tendencies in teaching and in research.     

INTER‐UNIVERSITY UNKAGES VIA COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURES

The need for closer co‐operation among academic environments in Yugoslavia can be satisfied by making use of the services of the Yugoslav System for Scientific and Technological Information (SNTIJ). The establishment of the YUNET network and of the non‐profit organization, YUNAC, will permit the linking of Yugoslav networks, with international ones. Thus, the gap between the developed world and Yugoslavia will be bridged, and users will be able to gain access to databases in Yugoslavia and abroad, as well as being able to participate in the creation of new knowledge.     

TRIESTE: THE EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES AIM TO BROADEN THEIR CO‐OPERATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE FINAL ACT OF THE HELSINKI CONFERENCE

Following the recommendation of the study group which was set up during the 5th General Assembly of the Standing Conference of Rectors and Vice‐chancellors of the European Universities (CRE) (Bologna, 1‐7 September 1974) a Seminar of Rectors from European Universities, on the cultural and scientific aspects of the Helsinki Conference on Security and Co‐operation, was held at the University of Trieste from 27 to 29 May 1976. This Seminar was attended by Rectors and Vice‐chancellors from 49 different universities in 23 European countries. Information on the work and results of the Seminar is given below.     

苏南冲突与南斯拉夫的自治社会主义

苏南冲突爆发后,面对苏联、东欧集团的政治敌视和经济封锁,南斯拉夫人痛定思痛,决心＂跟斯大林主义决裂＂,从而开始了自治社会主义道路的探索。通过对苏南冲突这一重大历史事件的考察,可以回答南斯拉夫是如何走上社会主义自治道路的。     

Science and Technological Development: Towards the Enhancement of Endogenous Capacities—A View from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Following a tour d'horizon of the development of science and science policy in former Yugoslavia, the author focuses on the application of science to development in this country after the Second World War. In particular, she examines the role of computer science in which Yugoslav scientists developed much endogenous capacity. The events following the break-up of Yugoslavia led to the isolation and the emigration of scientists, academics, and graduate students, particularly from Serbia, in the reduced Yugoslavia that remained after the break-up. During the period of sanctions, Yugoslavia was denied even the right to participate in TEMPUS projects that were underway. The TEMPUS III projects in which Yugoslavia can participate are not very helpful in rebuilding the scientific capacity of the country. The country needs assistance, possibly best given through twinning arrangements with universities in other countries, to rebuild its scientific capacity. Economic aid to rebuild infrastructures is also needed. Only when talented young scientists can look forward to a future at home will they no longer seek to emigrate.     

NEED FOR CAREER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Career education is given increasing importance by the growing employment problems of higher education graduates. Below we give a summary of a statement concerning this problem in US four‐year colleges and universities prepared by the Committee on Career Education of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU). The statement was presented during the AASCU Annual Conference held in New Orleans from 10 to 13 November 1976.     

NEED FOR CAREER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Career education is given increasing importance by the growing employment problems of higher education graduates. Below we give a summary of a statement concerning this problem in US four‐year colleges and universities prepared by the Committee on Career Education of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU). The statement was presented during the AASCU Annual Conference held in New Orleans from 10 to 13 November 1976.     

CONFERENCE OF THE ASSOCIATION OF COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITIES

The executive heads of 116 member universities ofthe Association of Commonwealth Universities (ACU) met in Wellington, New Zealand, from 7 to 14 February 1976. The ACU is the oldest international inter‐university association in the world. It has 204 member universities in 26 Commonwealth countries. We give below information on this Conference and on a paper prepared by the ACU Secretariat “Trade Routes and Common Ground”.     

FACTS AND TRENDS

The vole which higher education institutions play or should play in the process of national development is an essential issue in the discussion on the future of higher education. The article presented below analyses this problem in the context of the concept of development and the functions fulfilled by higher education institutions (“universities’) in the highly industrialized as well as developing countries. It is based on the paper prepared by Professor R.P. Dore, Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex, for a Conference on the Future Relations Between Universities in Britain and Developing Countries, held from 17 to 20 March 1978 at the University of Sussex.     

Is There a Role for Education in the Way towards Stability and Democratisation in the Balkans? A Critical Review of BA.SO.P.ED’s Aims and Publications (1997–2004)

November 1997 witnessed the formation of the Balkan Society for Pedagogy and Education (BA.SO.P.ED) in Thessaloniki, with the support of individual academics and pedagogues from many Balkan Universities and research institutes, but also with the participation of representatives of Educational Societies from Albania, Bulgaria, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M), Greece, Serbia & Montenegro (at that time known as New Yugoslavia), Romania, Turkey and Cyprus. Among the various goals that were adopted in this first step towards a more stable collaboration in the field of education — in a geographical area with a difficult social and political history, but also with a bad record of understanding among its nations that many times in their histories was marked by territorial disputes, that resulted in wars and long lasting political and social tragedies — the members of the Society included in their aim ". . . to promote by any means possible, constant exchange and updating of ideas at all levels (educational, social, political, etc.) in order to materialise those conditions that will facilitate the study and the research of their histories within a contemporary framework, but also will support a common initiative for collaborative action among those authorities that determine their educational and social policies . . ."ⁱ. In this article we look at how BA.SO.P.ED creates the conditions that could enable collaboration among pedagogues and educational researchers from the Balkans, by reviewing its activities and priorities as these appear in its publications during the period 1997–2004.     

THE DECLARATION OF HELSINKI AND THE UNIVERSITIES OF EUROPE

The 13th Bi‐annual Conference of the Standing Conference of Rectors and Vice‐Chancellors of European Universities (CRE), held on 21‐22 October 1976 in Athens, discussed the problem of co‐operation between European universities in view of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.

The participants put more emphasis on the removal of obstacles to existing forms of links between universities than on seeking new ways of inter‐university co‐operation.

Two papers were presented during the conference:

• “Necessity and evolution in the European Scientific Community” by Professor Zygmunt Rybicki, Rector of Warsaw University;

• “Difficulties in European Inter‐University Co‐Operation” by Professor Jean Tuscoz, President of Nice University.

The Bureau of CRE prepared a report “The Declaration of Helsinki and the Universities in Europe”, on which the information below is based, It gives an idea of the present state of development of relations between universities in Eastern and Western Europe.     

亚洲远程教育的现状与未来发展前景——第22届亚洲开放大学协会(AAOU)年会综述(英文)

2008年10月14日至16日,第22届亚洲开放大学协会（AAOU）年会在天津召开,本次年会由天津广播电视大学承办。本届年会共有七个主题演讲,这些主题演讲建议和主张我们在建构和运行亚洲乃至世界范围内的开放与远程教育过程中所面临的重大变革。从中可得出五点结论：①为了质量保证,考试应外包给一些跨机构的考试和认证机构;②开放教育资源应该是免费的,而且更容易为全球所获取;③获取远程教育的途径必须更加灵活,以应付不断变化的人口统计数据和预期增长的年长的、身体受损的学生数量;④在课程设计中不应只提供给学生二手信息,而要成为学生学习经验的主要来源;⑤AAOU应该做更多的工作,以促进学生、教师和课程的跨文化交流。 第一和第二点一起是指为每个学生提供尽可能多的可付得起的高质量教育机会;第三点提醒我们采用ISO标准;而第四和第五点涉及到的是AAOU的核心内容：即亚洲所有国家和地区唯一的共同特征是多样性,而这种多样性不仅在于会议的丰富和价值,也在于我们的教师和学生。     

SITUATION OF TEACHING AND RESEARCH PERSONNEL IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY ‐ REPORT PRESENTED AT THE CRE CONFERENCE

The information presented below is based on a report entitled “Maintaining the Vitality of the University in Matters concerning the Teaching and Research Personnel” written by Professor Rudolf Wildenmann, Rector of the University of Mannheim. This report was presented during the 16th Semestrial Conference of the Standing Conference of Rectors and Vice‐Chancellors of the European Universities (CRE), held from 27 to 28 April 1978 in Salamanca, Spain.

The Conference concentrated on “The Prospects for the Universities after a Period of Expansion”. Besides Professor Wildenmann's report, two other basic reports were presented. They dealt with the following issues:

• "Maintaining the Vitality of the University in the Field of Finance” by Professor Jean Touscoz, Rector of the University of Nice,

• "Maintaining the Vitality of the University in Student Matters” by Mr. James Drever, Principal of the University of Dundee.

     

高校病理生理学实验教学课程思政的探索与实践

“课程思政”是习近平总书记在全国高校思想政治工作会议中重点强调的高校教育新理念。本研究是基于病理生理学实验教学课程的课程特点来构建协同育人课堂,探索了在实验教学过程中进行良好伦理素养的培养,引导学生尊重生命,关爱动物;不怕脏、不怕苦、不怕累的实干精神及团队合作精神的培养;学术诚信教育,良好科研素质的培养,使病理生理学的实验教学课堂成为知识传授、能力培养与价值引领的综合课堂。     

Focus on Southeastern Europe: How can Universities Become Incubators of Dialogue and Reconciliation?

After asking the rhetorical question, can dialogue and reconciliation be taught in the formal classroom sense, the author reluctantly replies in the negative. She cites the fact that decades of teaching the virtues of unity in diversity in socialist Yugoslavia in the schools and universities of the country did not prevent catastrophic disintegration after 1990. But then again, the universities might achieve the desired results in regard to dialogue and reconciliation by the example they set to the general public and from the stances that they take on public issues. Yet, in the Yugoslav crisis, they remained deafeningly silent. The author, nevertheless, does not give up hope that rather than adapting or adopting, the universities will lead and create.     

EDINBURGH: 14th SEMESTRIAL CONFERENCE OF CRE

The 14th Semestrial Conference of the Standing Conference of Rectors and Vice‐Chancellors of the European Universities (CRE) on “Social Relevance of the University” was held in Edinburgh from 21 to 22 April 1977.

The following three subjects constituted the main points of discussion:

• the concept of relevance with respect to undergraduate and postgraduate courses;

• the role of manpower planning in relation to university admissions and curricula;

• the responsibility of universities for training the professions, for the needs of industry and public service.

We give below the main elements of papers presented during the Conference on these themes. (For CEPES participation in this meeting please see page 27 in this issue.)     

Secularization of the Academy: a Baptist Typology

This article was originally presented as a paper at the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) Conference on Academic Freedom at Religiously Affiliated Colleges and Universities, held at Baylor University, April 1, 2000. It examines six case studies of Baptist colleges or universities that have distanced or separated themselves from denominational control. The article identifies factors involved in what is often called the secularization of the academy. A complex picture emerges. Factors leading to the shedding of denominational links include questions about academic freedom, the desire to attract funds and students from a wider socio‐constituency but also lack of a clear Baptist pattern for institutional management. The typically ‘lower social economic’ background of Baptists has meant that their ambitions have outweighed their resources. Nonetheless, schools founded by Baptists have benefited a great number of people, Baptist and non‐Baptist, Christian and non‐Christian.     

再论中国电大的定位与未来——来自2009世界高等教育大会的启示

本文以2009世界高等教育大会发出的信息为依据,提出为中国开放远程教育的开拓者、探索者和主力军的中国广播电视大学系统的科学定位。     

CRE CONFERENCE ON FOREIGN STUDENTS AND THEIR ACCESS TO UNIVERSITIES

The subject of the 12th Biannual Conference of the Standing Conference of Rectors and Vice‐Chancellors of European Universities (CRE) held on 8‐9 April 1976 in Munich, was “Foreign students and their access to universities”. The Conference analysed this theme on the basis of the following three papers:

• “Reflections on the Problem of Student Mobility in Europe” by Professor Dr. Hansgerd Schulte, President of the German Academic Exchange Service, Bonn

• “Reflections on Problems of Student Mobility from the Third World” by Professor Dr. Gerhard Grohs, Berlin

• “Mobility of Students and Mutual Recognition of Diplomas in the European Community” by Karl H. Massoth, Head of Division, Directorate‐General for Research, Science and Education, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels

Information on UNESCO's involvement with the subject of the Conference and on the objectives and activities of the UNESCO European Centre for Higher Education was given by its Director (see page 30).

We give below the main elements of the three above‐mentioned papers.