一种采用自适应机制的分层置信传播算法

提出了一种基于迭代自适应机制的改进算法,有效地缩减了分层置信传播算法(HBP)的计算时间.传统HBP计算时间随指定的迭代上限增加而线性增长.为此引入消息收敛的条件判断,在迭代上限相同情况下,减少算法的迭代次数,缩减整体迭代时间.实验表明,与传统HBP相比,该方法计算时间缩减了38％以上,计算时间对整体迭代上限不敏感.该方法可以应用于使用HBP算法的其他方法.     

传播科学思想弘扬科学精神--西藏气象学会气象科学普及工作成绩斐然

1978年7月,根据中国气象学会"关于恢复建立各地区气象学会的通知",经西藏自治区科学技术委员会批准,成立了西藏气象学会。为了加强气象科普宣传教育工作,1979年6月气象学会下设了科普工作组,主要承担了组织全区气象科技人员开展以报刊、广播、影视宣传、讲座、专栏等形式的科普宣传活动。随着西藏气象事业的不断发展,气象学会围绕区局和区科协的工作重点,大胆尝试,不断创新,使气象科普宣     

建立科学有效的科研人员激励机制

本文讨论了科研人员激励机制在企业发展中的重要作用,分析了现行激励机制存在的问题,并探讨了激励科研人员应采用的手段。     

科学争论及创新效应

科学发现史中的争论现象早已司空见惯,但本文着重探讨的是科学创造活动中的科学争论的界定、类型、特征,以及科学争论在科学活动中的创新效应。     

Rethinking scientific specialization

My aim in this paper is to re-examine specialization in science. I argue that we need to acknowledge the role that conceptual changes can play in the creation of new specialties. Whereas earlier sociological accounts focus on social and instrumental changes as the cause of the creation of new specialties, I argue that conceptual changes play an important role in the creation of some scientific specialties. Specifically, I argue that conceptual developments played an important role in the creation of both endocrinology and virology.     

推进科学文化

如同科学技术主导着当今社会经济发展的方向一样,以科学文化为主体的现代文化正主导着社会文化发展的方向,在诸多文化形态中,科学文化是现代文化的灵魂和内核,并在社会生活中发挥出越来越重要的作用与影响。科学文化是引导人们创新求实、奋发图强、积极向上的精神力量...     

科研的商业化倾向与科研体制的导向

我国在科研体制改革过程中出现了显著的科研商业化倾向,本文分析了这种现象的多方面影响以及造成这种现象的原因,提出了让科研体制导向回归本位的建议。     

普及科学技术知识提高公众科学素养

2006年,自治区科技厅在自治区党委、政府的正确领导下,以全国科技大会为契机,把加强科技法规建设和普及科学技术知识作为一项重要工作来抓,使科技法规建设和科普工作取得显著成效。     

科技统计在科研决策中的应用

科技统计是科研决策的基础、前提和依据。以某高校科研成果统计为例,分析科技统计在科研决策中的应用。     

我民间,但是我科学

在我们的身边，存在着大量的民间科学爱好者，一有机会，就会露出头来，引起媒体和公众的注意。他们的活动遍及具有公众知名度的一切科学领域，有人致力于推翻相对论或者量子力学，有人热衷于研制永动机，有人试图建造新的宇宙论或者进化论体系，也有人提出的理论框架宏大无比，包罗万有，不可以以某一学科规范之。     

Measures of scientific growth

Numbers of publications and citation ratings have recently been used as measures of scientific growth. The present paper discusses a number of presumed weaknesses of these measures. First, a distinction is made among scientific activity, scientific productivity, and scientific progress. Then it is suggested that the above measures might depend on the particular field of science, on the speed whereby research front information becomes archival, on the phenomena of wrong papers and of ‘also ran’ papers, on the geographical differences in communication patterns, on whether we want to measure activity, productivity, or progress, and on the temporal variations in scientific communication patterns. Though some examples are given, the quantitative substantiation of the proposed effects must await further research.     

Developing a road performance index using a Bayesian belief network model

There is a high demand to develop and incorporate decision support tools, by the transportation sectors and other concerned agencies, to improve their infrastructure assets management under shrinking budgets and increasing demands. This paper develops a proof-of-concept Bayesian belief network (BBN) model to rank roads in a network system based on several key performance indicators (KPI) using a probabilistic framework. For a given road network, the proposed tool is capable of ranking or prioritizing the segment of roads for high level management objectives. To demonstrate the application of the proposed model, various scenarios are elaborated and discussed in detail. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the effects of different KPIs.     

Understanding the dynamics of users’ belief in software application adoption

Research has identified numerous factors that influence initial technology adoption decisions. However, extant studies consider beliefs to be static rather than dynamic over the adoption time-span. Various models have been employed to identify adoption behavior, pre- and post-adoption, however, there is little research on the dynamics of users’ belief structures over time and the inter-relationships among them. This study aims to investigate the dynamic nature of users’ beliefs and the relationships among their dynamics, i.e., rates of change. We test our research model based on data obtained at three time-windows using a parallel-growth process model. The results reveal that self-efficacy, usefulness and intention to use are likely to be dynamic, and increase with time. The rate of change in self-efficacy influences the rate of change in usefulness, which in turn affects the rate of change in intention to use. This study theoretically contributes to expanding the extant cross-sectional TAM research to include time-phased TAM studies, and highlights the role of self-efficacy as an important determinant of the dynamics.     

科学实践哲学视野中科学观念的负面影响

科学观念是价值负载的,可以对人类精神产生现实的负面影响。科学观念可能产生退步;可能导致非近代科学形态的其他知识和非认知的精神状态方面的损失。这种负面效应不可能仅仅通过科学自身的发展来消除,需要利用人类各种文化形式的协调来予以平衡。     

创建现代科技社团 为科教兴市服务

目前上海市科协主管和所属的学会共180个,其中由市科协作为业务主管的共174个,其余为加入市科协但不以市科协作为业务主管单位。这些学会目前按学科共分为医学、机电、城市交通、材料能源、轻纺、信息科学、基础科学、生命科学、农业科学、软科学、工作共11个学科群,基本覆盖了上海自然科学及工程技术各领域。