就业能力为导向的高职院校体育课程教学研究与实践

着眼于高素质、技能型人才的培养目标,我院根据未来职业需要和专业设置特点,努力提高学生的社会能力和方法能力,进而促进学生一般就业能力的提高。在课程结构、课程设置和内容以及课程评价等方面进行了探索和实践,构建了围绕人才培养的课程体系,并取得了较好的效果。     

高校公共体育课程发展趋势探析

高校公共体育课程改革的突破口应从课程结构改革入手,充分考虑学科需要、学生需要和社会需要,形成多种形式交叉组合的课程结构群。课程设置应突破现有的平面结构,拓展多层次、立体化的课程体系。     

以能力本位的高职计算机软件专业课程设置研究--以中山职业技术学院为例

高职计算机软件专业课程设置的目标是实现学生具有较高的实用技术和实践技能的核心就业能力,从而促进专业的发展。本文结合高职教育的特点及中山职业技术学院计算机软件专业的实践,提出根据企业的岗位需要和学生就业能力一致的课程设置方法。根据企业的实际需要、学生就业能力以及自身持续发展的需要,把企业和学生作为课程设置的主体,实施高职的计算机软件专业课程设置,以达到学生就业能力的市场化。     

山东省社会体育本科专业人才培养现状研究

为满足群众健身的需求和社会发展的需要,对山东省开设社会体育本科专业的13所高校的人才培养状况进行研究,普遍存在目标定位不明确、课程设置科学性较差、教学与实践相脱节等问题。提出山东省高校社会体育本科专业人才培养应坚持＂操作型、技能型、服务型＂的人才培养原则,各校要从自身优势出发,定位特色培养目标,提升学生的综合素质和专业能力,优化社会体育本科专业人才培养的保障和评价系统,提升社会体育本科毕业生的就业竞争力及社会影响力。     

四校体育教育专业课程设置与就业升学比较

目的了解高校体育教育专业课程设置和学生就业情况。方法采用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,对北京体育大学、华南师范大学、岭南师范学院和广东石油化工学院四校的体育教育本科专业课程设置和就业升学状况进行研究。结果在大学生就业市场由供方市场转为需方市场的情况下,不同类型院校的培养方案顺应就业形势变化并表现出差异性,仍存在人才培养复合程度和特色化不足问题,需进一步改进。结论课程设置应与学生的就业需要相适应。     

江苏高校社会体育本科专业培养方案存在主要问题剖析

采用文献资料法、访谈法、数理统计法与逻辑分析法,对江苏高校社会体育本科专业培养方案中存在的主要问题进行了深入分析与研究。研究认为：培养方案雷同,培养目标定位较高,课程设置没有完全体现培养要求,专业选修课程设置失衡,实践内容狭窄,与社会体育相关的社会实践教学时数不够等是江苏高校社会体育本科专业培养方案中存在的主要问题。并提出：社会体育本科专业培养方案应准确定位于市场,应优化课程设置,构建科学合理课程体系,以提升学生就业能力为依据把教学实践贯穿始终,在专业定位上要结合各校特色专业,打造优势社会体育专业品牌,同时各高校要加强校际间交流与合作,形成优势互补、资源共享平台等对策。     

安徽省高校体育院系课程体系现状分析与研究

通过对当前我省高校体育院系课程体系中的几个方面进行现状分析,并结合社会需求与高校体育院系专业目标定位、专业设置、课程设置及学生的培养模式等进行分析,得出当前的高校体育院系的培养目标,学科定位以及整个课程结构体系有待进一步优化。     

我国武术与民族传统体育（本科）专业人才培养的研究综述

衡量一个高校办学质量、专业发展以及学科的完善程度,本科人才培养状况是一个重要指标。文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对2000年以来民族传统体育专业的培养目标、课程设置存在的问题、就业前景和社会需求以及培养模式创新改革等方面的研究文献进行综述和分析,认为武术与民族传统体育专业培养目标要与社会需求对接,课程设置既要体现学校特色又要兼顾就业需要。     

普通高校体育课程“综合性应用型”人才培养模式研究

由于我国中小学体育与高校体育严重脱节,高校体育课程面临两难境地,是普及还是提高？面对这样的状况,传统的人才培养模式在体育教学实践中已经暴露出很多问题,无法适应学生和社会的需要。为此,南京工业大学体育部开展了探索,构建了＂综合性应用型＂人才培养模式。抓好＂平台＋集群模式＂课程体系建设;完善、健全教学管理规章制度;制定定期的业务学习制度,培养教学团队精神;加强选修课指导,优化学生知识结构;加大青年教师继续培养力度,重视师资队伍梯队建设;建立岗位聘任制,人员能上下对流。以期对我国高校体育课程改革有所裨益。     

高校体育教学融入运动心理学教育的分析

随着教学改革的实施,当前的体育教学已经不仅仅是需要重视提高学生的身体素质和体能,同时注重高校体育教学中学生的心理训练。学生在体育学习中,对体育课程的认识以及学生自身的意志和品德素质等对体育活动本身都会产生直接的影响。所以在高校体育教学中,需要加入运动心理学教育。文章首先阐述了心理学概念以及相关的心理学的概念,其次是对运动心理学加入到高校体育教学中的必要性。并提出了相关的策略,期望有效的促进高校的体育教育,实现高效体育教学的长远发展。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。