运用语篇知识 提高阅读能力

在英语阅读过程中,学生常会出现每个单词都认识,但整句话却不知何意的情况;几句话都理解,但整段意思却并不怎么明白。出现这些情况一方面与学生对英语语境知识及英语语篇知识了解不够有关;另一方面与学生对"语篇分析法"掌握程度有关。笔者试图通过对中外学者有关理论的研究,揭示语篇、语义连贯一体的道理,最终达到提高学生英语阅读理解能力的目的。     

大学英语阅读与语篇分析能力

语篇分析(discourse analysis)是指对比句子更长,以交际为目的的语言片段所作的语言及交际功能的分析,它包括微观分析与宏观分析。语篇分析是大学英语阅读教学中不可缺少的方法和手段。在阅读教学中辨别篇章组织模式、识别衔接手段、了解文中修辞手法、找段落主题句等是建构学生语篇分析能力的有效途径。     

大学英语阅读与语篇分析能力

语篇分析（discourse analysis）是指对比句子更长,以交际为目的的语言片段所作的语言及交际功能的分析,它包括微观分析与宏观分析。语篇分析是大学英语阅读教学中不可缺少的方法和手段。在阅读教学中辨别篇章组织模式、识别衔接手段、了解文中修辞手法、找段落主题句等是建构学生语篇分析能力的有效途径。     

语篇分析与提高英语阅读能力

语篇分析是阅续中获得语言信息的重要途径，是提高阅续理解能力切实有效的方法。本文主要通过语篇方析阐明其在提高英语阅续理解能力方面的作用。     

注重语篇教学 提高阅读能力

本文通过对语篇知识的简单分析,论述语篇分析在英语阅读教学中的重要性,提出语篇分析技巧是提高学生阅读理解能力行之有效的教学方法,对于改进目前英语阅读教学状况有一定的意义。     

语篇能力与高效英语阅读

语篇能力指分析、综合、推断等高级智能，包括辩识语篇中的衔接手段，解析话语标记，确定篇章结构，概括得出结论、推断以及预测等能力。即阅读能从宏观的角度，将语篇作为一个整体来处理，在理解语言形式的基础上，进一步领会作的意图，提出取重要而又有意义的信息。     

英语语篇教学与阅读能力

提高学生的阅读能力是英语教学的首要任务之一，传统的以语言形式为重点的教学模式不能很好地完成这一任务。根据大学生英语阅读能力现状及传统阅读教学中存在的问题，应从语篇教学入手，提高学生阅读能力。     

从语篇分析入手提高中学生英语阅读能力

阅读是通过视觉感知书面字材料主动积极地获取信息的创造性行为，是读获取作思想的交际过程。国外专家深入研究了阅读理解的复杂思维过程，认为阅读理解一般可以分成四个层次：字面理解层，推断性理解层，评价性理解层，欣赏性理解层。好的读有着良好的阅读技巧，他们既能理解章的字面意义，又能把章的深层语义结构和章的整体思想。我们教师的任务就是要采用有效的阅读教学方法来提高学生的阅读能力，使他们成为好的读。     

高中英语语篇教学与阅读能力的提高

近几年来,高考英语科考试（NMET）中越来越重视考查学生的语篇理解和交际能力。高考大纲对阅读理解能力测试也提出了明确要求,且阅读理解能力的考查在高考试题中占有相当大的比例。因此,培养和提高学生的阅读能力无疑就成为高中英语教学的重点。阅读能力的培养主要是加强对学生语篇理解的培养,只有在语篇理解的前提下,才能逐步提高学生运用英语进行交际的能力。为此,笔认为在实际阅读教学过程中可采用以下策略。     

开展语篇教学 提高阅读能力

从着眼于提高学生的阅读能力出发，着重阐述了语篇标记、标志性表达法等五个层面上几种具体的开展语篇教学的方法。     

Testing reading comprehension of theoretical discourse with cloze

The ability of cloze tests containing frequent, every n‐th word deletions to measure comprehension of macropropositions has been challenged on both theoretical and empirical grounds, calling into question the validity of such tests for assessing comprehension of much of the discourse encountered by university‐level students. To evaluate the comprehension of a writer’s reasoning, it is recommended that cloze tests position gaps so as to target recognition of cohesive devices and the ability to draw inferences from other sentences. To test the validity of such a design, a large sample of scores on discourse cloze tests administered in introductory college economics is compared to scores on true–false comprehension tests designed to target recognition of connective propositions. The two distributions of scores do not differ significantly in terms of mean value, dispersion or frequency distribution, suggesting that appropriately designed cloze tests can provide a valid assessment of the reader’s integration of theoretical text. In addition, the usefulness of readability formulas based on surface characteristics of text is challenged when readability is defined in terms of the difficulty of constructing a coherent representation of theoretical text.     

Investigating the contributions of background knowledge and reading comprehension strategies to L2 reading comprehension: an exploratory study

While a number of studies have investigated the influence of background knowledge and reading comprehension strategies on comprehension, no L2 research exists examining and comparing the unique contributions of these two variables examined together. Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the combined and individual contributions of background knowledge and reading comprehension strategies to reading comprehension. Data collected from 20 university-level English language learners were analyzed using regression analyses. The results indicated that background knowledge and reading comprehension strategies, operationalized as self-questioning, combined to account for a significant portion of variance in reading comprehension scores, with self-questioning being a stronger predictor of reading comprehension than background knowledge.     

Syllable-based reading improvement: Effects on word reading and reading comprehension in Grade 2

This study examined the effects of a syllable-based reading intervention for German second graders who demonstrated difficulties in the recognition of written words. The intervention focused on fostering word reading via syllable segmentation. The materials consisted of the 500 most frequent syllables typically read by 6- to 8-year-old children. The aims were to practice phonological recoding, consolidate orthographic representations of syllables, and routinize the access to these representations. Compared to children randomly assigned to a wait-list group, poor readers in the treatment condition showed significant improvements in standardized measures of phonological recoding, direct word recognition, and text-based reading comprehension after the 24-session intervention. Poor readers in the treatment condition also showed greater improvements in development of word recognition compared to children with efficient word recognition skills. The results provide evidence that a syllable-based reading intervention is a promising approach to increase struggling readers’ word recognition skills, which in turn will improve their reading comprehension.     

论背景知识在阅读理解中的作用

背景知识的作用在近20年已引起语言学家的广泛注意。本文首先介绍了几种阅读理论，然后依据图式理论，阐述了该理论在阅读理解中的作用，认为充分利用读者所具有的图式，即背景知识，并发挥其认知能力，将会改查传统的阅读理解中所存在的不足之处，使读者在阅读理解中积极的参与思考，从而提高他们的理解技巧，使理解更快，更准确，更全面，最后指出该作用对教学的启发。     

Deaf college students' reading comprehension and strategy use

Two comprehension studies were conducted with 46 deaf college students. In the first, 20 deaf college students representing higher and lower reading-ability levels were tested for correctly stating the main idea of a passage, answering content questions, indicating their understanding of the words and phrases, and recognizing a topically incongruent sentence embedded in the passage. The results suggest that deaf students profess a better understanding of what they read than they are able to demonstrate. The students' inability to identify a topically incongruent sentence in the passage further suggests a need for them to more carefully and accurately evaluate their understanding of what they are reading. A second study investigated the effect of strategy review instruction on deaf college students' comprehension of short reading passages. Students reading at a higher level showed improved comprehension on the posttraining passage, but students reading at a lower level did not. Similarly, the control group of deaf students comparable to the higher-level readers did not show improved comprehension.