当今英国研究生教育规模和结构的变化与走向

本文通过分析20世纪90年代以来英国研究生教育在规模与结构上的变化,反映出英国研究生教育与职业市场紧密结合的趋势,揭示了高等教育二元制结束的结构性调整、男女平等思想、终身学习需求对研究生教育的影响以及英国在高等教育国际化方面所采取的战略措施.     

Returns to overeducation: A longitudinal analysis of the U.S. labor market

Studies examining the wage effect of overeducation have generated very consistent results. Their findings suggest that, for workers with similar educational attainment, workers who are overeducated for the job suffer from significant wage penalties. However, most studies use cross-sectional data, implicitly assuming that workers are randomly assigned to being overeducated. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the period 1979–2005, this study conducts a panel analysis to account for time-constant individual characteristics. It uses a numerical approach to provide the wage effects in the presence of non-classical measurement error in the educational mismatch variables. The results provide evidence that overeducated status does not cause lower earnings. Instead, the significant wage differential found in previous studies is simply a result of ignoring the non-random assignment of workers to jobs.     

Signs in the U.K

同学们都知道,"Keep off the grass!"是一种sign,在这里,sign的意思是"告示,牌示",其英文释义是:anotice or mark to give information,instructions or a warning.平时同学们如果能注意收集各种signs,那是一件很有意义的事情。下面我就把在英国伦敦和剑桥收集到的各类signs介绍如下。(划横线的可看注解)一、In the underground 1.Way out→ 2.Emergency exit 3.Emergency stairs 4.This staircase has 125 steps.Don't,use the stairsexcept in an emergency. 5.If you see fire or smoke ①Operate the fire alarm.No sound will be heardbut the Fire Brigade will be called. ②Tell any staff member the location of fire or smoke     

中美硕士研究生教育发展状况比较研究

中美两国的研究生教育发展存在很大差异，本文概括地量化了这些差异，并做出一些定性的比较。     

The dubious promise of postsecondary vocational education: Its payoff to dropouts and graduates in the U.S.A.

The longitudinal study described in this report investigated the effects of postsecondary public and proprietary school vocational training on students' subsequent job success in the United States. The study surveyed dropouts and graduates from public and proprietary schools in six vocational programs in four major cities, and compared their personal characteristics, job placement and earnings. Results showed that, compared with graduates, dropouts were more frequently males who were black, older, of lower socioeconomic status, and more likely from public programs. Also, few students who studied for upper status jobs (accountant, computer programmer, and electronic technician) got those jobs, regardless of whether they had graduated from or dropped out of their vocational programs. On the other hand, the majority of students who studied for lower-status jobs, in which women typically predominate, (secretary, dental assistant and cosmetologist) successfully found those jobs. Further, graduates fared significantly better in job placement than dropouts. Finally, persistence in, and graduation from a program (persistence and graduation) were unrelated to students' first earnings. However, students in lower-status occupations had higher later earnings if they completed their programs. These results suggest that vocational training, which may be done more efficiently in proprietary than public schools, enhances placement and later earnings only in lower-status jobs.     

英、美、中三国高等学校组织结构的比较

本文把英、美、中三国高校的组织结构自下而上划分为系、院、校、三级进行比较分析,探讨了三国内部学术、行政管理共有的特征,据此提出我国高校的内部管理要重视学术管理、下移权力中心和适当分散权力。     

社区共建：英国改造薄弱学校的新举措

在此用“社区共建”一词来概括近年英国政府改造义务教育阶段薄弱学校的重要举措——“教育行动区”计划的内涵。它指的是积极吸纳社会各界全方位参与学校教育。文章在对这一举措的背景、具体措施、典型案例和成绩进行介绍的基础上,提出关于改造薄弱学校的相关思考。     

基于中美研究现状比较的研究生始业教育探析

始业教育一直被认为在学业阶段过渡时期扮演着重要而特殊的角色,旨在帮助新生更好地进行学习角色转换、融入新环境。立足研究生始业教育特殊性,聚焦中美两国相关研究,集中探讨了我国研究生始业教育研究存在的问题和不足,并从美国研究现状中得到启示,建议构建始业教育研究的完整体系,加强学术规范专门性教育模块的建设,完善始业教育效果评估和反馈机制。     

英美社区矫正的历史发展

英国和美国同属于英美法系国家,两国有着许多相通的文化传统和法律意识,特别是在社区矫正的法律实践中,都经历了从萌芽、定型到完善的发展历程。探讨和借鉴英美社区矫正的历史发展进程,对完善我国法律制定有一定现实意义。     

大学自治与政府干预:英国大学-政府关系的变迁历程

大学自治一直被认为是大学最基本的特征,但随着时代的发展,政府对大学的干预实际上一刻也没有停止过。本文剖析了英国政府干预逐步加深的过程,对英国大学与政府间的缓冲器——大学拨款委员会的兴衰给予说明,最后对英国大学一政府关系的变迁历程提出阐释。     

National Curriculum Assessment in the U.K.

What are the objectives of national curriculum assessment in the United Kingdom? What criteria for assessment were established? What kinds of problems are associated with the assessment?     

中美研究生教育评价的最新进展和比较研究

未来10年,我国研究生规模将迅速扩大,研究生教育的评价问题显得尤为重要。本文从中美研究生教育评价工作的最新进展入手,介绍了中美主要的五种研究生教育评价体系,从评价目的、评价参与的主体、指标体系的设计和评价的对象四个方面对中美研究生教育评价体系做出了比较分析,并就我国研究生教育评价工作的未来发展提出了建议。     

英国校本课程开发

介绍英国教育制度和校本课程开发概况,选取曼纳帕克学校作为个案研究的对象,分析校本课程开发的意义、实施方法、经验和教训.     

英国的成人职业培训改革

虽然英国的经济呈增长势头,但与主要发达国家的差距还较明显,主要原因是其劳动者的技能水平较低,存在技能短缺的问题.为解决技能短缺问题,20世纪90年代以来英国政府在改革成人职业培训、提高成人技能水平方面采取了一系列有力措施,并取得了成效.     

美国研究生教育的理念与启示

美国研究生教育始终保持着全球领导者的位势,其中蕴含着丰富的教育理念和共性规律:市场至上,着力提升研究生参与市场竞争的能力水平;面向未来,致力于跨学科培养人才以永葆领先优势;打造精英,在科学的选拔和严格的淘汰中实现人才培养的卓越目标;倚重名师,通过延聘名师保证和提升研究生教育的质量。美国的经验对我军研究生教育的发展与完善具有很强的借鉴意义。     

英国职业培训立法初探

英国的职业培训起步较早,职业培训的立法也较早,不仅积累了丰富的培训经验,也积累了丰富的职业培训立法经验。从历史演变的视角深入探讨英国的职业培训立法,以期对我国的职业培训立法有所助益,从而促进我国职业培训的进一步发展。     

英美公立幼儿教育的瞄准机制设计

本文以确保开端和提前开端计划为例,介绍了英美两国公立幼儿教育瞄准处境不利群体的方式.通过瞄准社区和瞄准家庭的进入机制,以及仅提供基本水平的早期教育和保育服务形成退出机制,国外公立幼儿教育构建出一套系统的瞄准制度,保证公共资源能够配置给不利群体儿童,从而保证财政投入的公平与效率.