室内外气体颗粒物中无机元素的测定及分布特征

在2013年4月25日至5月13日期间,采集上海交通大学分析测试中心化学室办公室、仪器室和预处理室气体中的降尘样品和气体中总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品,采集预处理室内外气体颗粒物中PM10和PM2.5样品,采用ICP和ICP-MS检测分析样品中无机元素含量。结果表明,降尘样品和TSP颗粒物中主要含有Ca、K、Fe、Si、Zn和Al等30余种无机元素;各采样点中,仪器室的TSP颗粒物的质量浓度、颗粒物中污染元素含量最低;污染元素Pb、Zn和As等更易富集在细颗粒物PM10和PM2.5中,地壳元素Mn、Ca和Mg等在不同粒径颗粒物中分布一致,与富集因子分析法得到的结论一致。     

焦作市不同功能区大气颗粒物粒径分布特征研究

利用TE-20-800型8级分级采样器采集焦作市燃煤电厂区、文教生活区、商业区和交通区大气颗粒物,通过重量法求出不同粒径颗粒物的质量浓度,研究可吸入颗粒物粒径分布特征和质量浓度分布特征发现：焦作市各功能区中可吸入颗粒物粒径分布呈现＂两边凸中间凹＂的趋势,峰值位置出现在5.8μm~10.0μm和2.1~0.43μm处;研究区空气中PM10浓度均高于国家空气质量二级标准（PM10浓度的日平均值为0.15 mg/m3）,与我国新制定的PM2.5日均浓度限值相比（0.075mg/m3）,文教生活区、交通区、商业区PM2.5浓度分别为其2.22、1.02、1.66倍,燃煤电厂区低于此标准。     

焦作市不同功能区大气颗粒物粒径分布特征研究

利用TE-20-800型8级分级采样器采集焦作市燃煤电厂区、文教生活区、商业区和交通区大气颗粒物,通过重量法求出不同粒径颗粒物的质量浓度,研究可吸入颗粒物粒径分布特征和质量浓度分布特征发现:焦作市各功能区中可吸入颗粒物粒径分布呈现"两边凸中间凹"的趋势,峰值位置出现在5.8μm~10.0μm和2.1~0.43μm处;研究区空气中PM10浓度均高于国家空气质量二级标准(PM10浓度的日平均值为0.15 mg/m3),与我国新制定的PM2.5日均浓度限值相比(0.075mg/m3),文教生活区、交通区、商业区PM2.5浓度分别为其2.22、1.02、1.66倍,燃煤电厂区低于此标准。     

上海春季PM_(2.5)和PM_(1.0)水溶性无机离子含量特征

2014年3月份期间,采集上海市闵行区大气细颗粒物PM2.5和PM1.0样品,计算细颗粒物的质量浓度,检测细颗粒物9种水溶性离子SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4、F-、Cl-、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+和K+的含量,分析两种细颗粒物中水溶性离子的含量特征并根据阴阳离子的含量比评价细颗粒物的酸碱性。采集期间PM2.5和PM1.0的日均质量浓度分别为(72.2±35.3)μg/m3和(50.9±28.9)μg/m3,PM1.0占PM2.5的质量比为(69.4±11.1)%;PM2.5中水溶性离子逐日分析结果表明,二次离子SO2-4、NO-3和NH+4是最主要的水溶性离子,其质量浓度随着颗粒物污染的加剧而升高;对比水溶性离子在PM2.5和PM1.0中质量占比发现,NH+4、SO2-4、NO-3、K+、Na+和Cl-更易富集在PM1.0中;颗粒物的酸性值AE/CE计算表明,上海地区春季细颗粒物呈酸性。     

PM2.5的生成来源及应对措施

PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物,也称为可入肺颗粒物,PM2.5粒径小,富含大量有毒、有害物质且在大气中的停留时间长、输送距离远,因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大。     

小心PM2.5的危害

PM2．5是指大气中直径小于或等于2．5微米的颗粒物,也称为可入肺颗粒物。与较粗的大气颗粒物相比,PM2.5粒径小,富合大量的有毒、有害物质,而且在大气中的停留时间长,输送距离远,对人体健康和。PM2．5主要对呼吸系统和心血管系统造成伤害,老人、小孩及心肺疾病患者是污染的敏感人群。     

PM2.5,一个慢半拍的环保话题

近期,被称为"灰霾元凶"的空气污染物PM2.5受到公众广泛的关注,包括上海、南京等许多城市均开始尝试发布PM2.5监测数据.何为PM2.5呢?它是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物,也称为可入肺颗粒物,其直径还不到人的头发丝粗细的1/20.与较粗的大气颗粒物相比,PM2.5含有大量的有毒、有害物质,且寿命长、输送距离远,因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大.     

解读PM2.5

近来,PM2.5成为中国民众关注的一个“热词”.我国在2011年11月16日向全社会公开征求意见,《环境空气质量标准》在监控项目中增设了PM2.5年均、日均浓度限值,这是我国首次制定PM2.5的国家环境质量标准. PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5 μm的颗粒物,也称为可入肺颗粒物.它的直径还不到人的头发丝粗细的1/20.与较粗的大气颗粒物相比,PM2.5粒径小,富含大量的有毒、有害物质且在大气中的停留时间长、输送距离远,因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大.     

新乡市冬季大气颗粒物水溶性离子的粒径分布及来源初探

为探索新乡市冬季大气颗粒物水溶性离子的粒径分布,用Anderson八级采样器于新乡医学院进行了为期20 d的采样.用差值法分析了8个粒径段大气颗粒物的质量浓度,用离子色谱对Cl~-、F~-、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、NH_4~+9种离子进行了分析.结果表明:(1)新乡市大气颗粒物的质量浓度主要在5.8~10.0μm和0.43~2.10μm处呈双峰分布,且细颗粒物的质量浓度高于粗颗粒物;(2)颗粒物中各离子的浓度由高到低依次为NO_3~、SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+、Ca~(2+)、Cl~-、K~+、F~-、Na~+、Mg~(2+);(3)PM9.0-10.0中Na~+、K~+和Mg~(2+)主要来自土壤扬尘,粗颗粒物中的Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)主要来自建筑尘,燃烧源是新乡市颗粒物水溶性离子的共同来源,NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-)指示新乡市二次生成颗粒物以汽车尾气污染为主.     

基于CCD的回波信号图预处理软件设计与实现

随着光散射法测量PM2.5颗粒物浓度技术的发展,该技术成为测量大气PM2.5浓度的主要手段之一。散射激光雷达接收到的信号为回波信号图,通过建立回波信号图灰度值与PM2.5浓度的关系模型,实现对颗粒物浓度的测量。该技术需要对回波信号图进行预处理并提取散射信号,为了实现一种高性能、可实时测量的回波信号图预处理系统,设计一款基于Delphi7语言的实时图像处理软件。该软件通过对内存分配双缓冲区域、设置采集频率以及图像裁剪等方法,提高图片的采集与处理速率。实验结果表明,该软件操作简单、运行稳定且可扩展性较强。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.