Beyond the binary: rethinking teachers’ understandings of and engagement with inclusion

This article presents research into Canadian elementary and secondary teachers’ understandings of inclusion. The research investigates how a sample of 120 teachers in the southern part of Ontario defined inclusion, and the extent to which they believed an inclusive classroom is an effective way to teach all students. The article draws upon literature into how inclusion is currently defined followed by research into the politics of diversity in inclusive education; the latter signals the socio-political aporia which attends many understandings of inclusion. The study employs Nancy Fraser’s conception of justice as requiring redistribution, recognition, and representation; Fraser’s approach also demands attention to issues of recognition as intimately connected with concerns about social status. The findings reveal teachers’ relative lack of attention to issues of resourcing, but considerable emphasis upon issues of representation. While issues of recognition are largely valued, there is a tendency to reify categories of student identity, rather than challenging concerns about the lack of social status attending such foci. The research reveals a push ‘beyond the binary’ of considering teachers’ practices as either inclusive or exclusive, and how teachers’ engagement with resource provision, recognition of learners, and representation of student needs exists along contingent and intersecting spectra.     

基于SWOT分析的中小学教师教育科研的现状与改进策略

随着新课程改革的逐步推进,教育学界对教师专业化的研究不断深入,"教师即研究者"的观念在为人们所接受的同时,遭遇了来自理论和实践的重重困惑。文章立足于当前中小学教师教育科研的现状,运用SWOT方法探讨教师成为研究者的机遇和优势何在,教师面临的威胁及自身的劣势又是什么,构建科研处境SWOT矩阵,就如何提升中学教师教育科研能力进行分析并提出对策:落实教师赋权增能,倡导"学术假"制度,构建合作的教师文化,专家学者多层次地引领。     

第斯多惠教师专业发展策略思想探析

第斯多惠所著的《德国教师培养指南》对德国教师的思想与专业指导起了很大作用,在整个欧洲教育理论的发展史上占有重要地位.笔者从书中第斯多惠对教师自我教育的论述出发,归纳他关于如何促进教师自我完善的理念和建议：国家和社会各相关主体应尊重教师从而为教师群体的发展作好社会准备;教师个体则要作好以教育事业为终身职业的准备,可通过学习研究教育学知识和专业知识、增加教学交流和建立教师团体发展自身.最后以第斯多惠的这些独到的理念和建议为基础,提出用以加强我国教师专业发展事业建设的策略.     

论基础教育英语教师科研能力的培养

教育科研是应对素质教育的需要,是应对基础教育课程改革实验工作的需要。作为实施素质教育主体的基础教育英语教师,如何提高自己的教育科研能力,努力向科研型教师转变,是我们研究的一项重要课题。针对目前基础教育英语教师科研水平参差不齐,不能很好适应教育改革需要的现状,本文从几个方面进行了探讨。     

广东省独立学院核心竞争力研究——基于教师科研能力的视角

文章通过对广东省独立学院教师科研现状的梳理及分析,提出了加强独立学院教师科研能力的对策,对独立学院在新形势下如何开展科研工作进行了有针对性的探索。     

EFL teachers’ conceptions of speaking competence in English

The present article lies at the intersection of research on teacher cognition and speaking competence in a second language. It is a qualitative analysis of teacher accounts of speaking in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Iran. More specifically, the study is an exploration of three EFL teachers’ conceptions of learning and teaching the speaking skill in English. The teachers represented varying levels of experience and education and were classified as experts and novices. Through juxtaposing teachers’ views of how students should learn to speak and how the teachers themselves learned to speak English, the research study uncovers the interwoven nature of learning experience with teaching conceptions. It also unveils the images underpinning their conceptions of how to learn and teach speaking in an EFL context. The results also portray teachers as having unique ways of thinking of speaking while at the same time sharing certain patterns.     

英语专业硕士研究生学习现状调查及教学建议——对浙江工商大学的调查分析

近年来,关于英语教育及现状的研究日益引起人们的关注。自20世纪90年代以来,中国学者和教师已对此做了大量的研究。但是在这些研究中,大部分对象为中小学以及大学本、专科的英语学习者,很少选择英语专业硕士研究生为研究对象。随着社会对创新型人才需求的不断提升,研究生成为科研生力军,如何确保英语专业研究生培养的质量也成为了社会关注的焦点。本研究以浙江工商大学2007,2008和2009级英语硕士研究生为对象,调查研究的目的在于了解英语专业硕士研究生学习状况,并提出相应的教学建议。     

新中国成立后我国农村民办教师身份产生、形成与认同的历史研究——在符号互动理论的视角下

本研究以新中国成立后农村中小学民办教师身份为对象,主要是在符号互动理论视角下形成了以国家政策、乡村社会与民办教师为三方互动主体的农村中小学民办教师身份历史研究的概念框架。继而通过身份追问、身份建构和身份认同进行了互动中民办教师身份产生、形成与感知的研究。本研究中的身份追问是关于农村民办教师是谁,农村民办教师如何产生的追溯。身份形成研究是关于民办教师身份是如何在国家政策话语建构、确立的,如何在与乡村社会交往中形成的。身份认同是关于不同时期乡村社会中民办教师身份感知与认同的研究。反思提出:乡村社会更能着力改善乡村教师地位身份;有效融入乡村生活有助维护乡村教师身份角色;强化在职培训学习制度有助于改善乡村教师身份认同。     

The Status of Literature: English teaching and the condition of literature teaching in schools

Although the curriculum subject of English is continually reviewed and revised in all English speaking countries, the status of literature is rarely questioned: i.e. that it is of high cultural value and all students should be taught about it. The concerns of any review, in any country, are typically about what counts as literature, especially in terms of national heritage, and then how much of the curriculum it should occupy. This paper reports on three inter‐related pieces of research that examine the views of in‐service and pre‐service English teachers about their experiences of teaching literature and their perceptions of its ‘status’ and significance, both at official level and in the classroom; it draws attention to how England compares with some other English‐speaking countries and to the need to learn from the negative outcomes of political policy in England. The findings suggest that the nature of engagement with literature for teachers and their students has been distorted by official rhetorics and assessment regimes and that English teachers are deeply concerned to reverse this pattern.     

新疆城市幼儿园教师队伍现状及发展建议

本研究以乌鲁木齐市为例,对新疆城市幼儿园教师队伍的基本状况、专业发展及教研状况与教育教学能力进行了调查,结果发现该区城市幼儿园教师基本状况良好,教师对教研活动持积极态度,但对教研形式不够满意;教师在安排幼儿半日活动时对幼儿的主动性与自由探究关注不够;教师的教育观念与行为存在一定程度的脱节。针对这种状况,教育行政部门应切实加强幼儿教师队伍各项制度建设,严格执行教师资格证书制度与专业发展制度;建立以合作研究为核心的专业发展基地;积极倡导和推进园本教研制度建设;重视培训者和教研骨干人员的培训,并为幼儿教师专业发展搭建信息资源共享平台。     

Empowering teachers: empowering children? How can researchers initiate and research empowerment?

The relationship between reading and empowerment, though often taken for granted, is complex. The paper describes a pilot research project, which sought to explore how teachers might change their practice in such a way as to empower the children in their care, rather than enculture them into the rather more passive and compliant practices of schooled literacy in the time of the National Literacy Strategy. The paper particularly explores the challenge of methodology: a project about empowerment needs emancipatory research methods. Can research empower, and can teachers, so dominated by the status quo, find the confidence to take on the responsibility that power confers? The paper describes the attempt to empower teachers and the researchers' attempt to gather evidence of that empowerment.     

昆明市中学教师教育科研状况的调查分析与思考

通过对昆明市中学教师进行开放式问卷调查，了解了昆明市中学教师教育科研的现状。根据调查结果，从四个方面认真分析和思考了当前昆明市中学教师教育科研方面存在的问题，提出了一些如何通过教育科研提高中学教师素质的建议和要求。     

Troubling identities: teacher education students' constructions of class and ethnicity

Working with diverse student populations productively depends on teachers and teacher educators recognizing and valuing difference. Too often, in teacher education programs, when markers of identity such as gender, ethnicity, ‘race’, or social class are examined, the focus is on developing student teachers' understandings of how these discourses shape learner identities and rarely on how these also shape teachers' identities. This article reports on a research project that explored how student teachers understand ethnicity and socio‐economic status. In a preliminary stage of the research, we asked eight Year 3 teacher education students who had attended mainly Anglo‐Australian, middle class schools as students and as student teachers, to explore their own ethnic and classed identities. The complexities of identity are foregrounded in both the assumptions we made in selecting particular students for the project and in the ways they constructed their own identities around ethnicity and social class. In this article we draw on these findings to interrogate how categories of identity are fluid, shifting and ongoing processes of negotiation, troubling and complex. We also consider the implications for teacher education.     

Classroom incivilities

The scattered, little-known literature on classroom disturbances depicts their aversive nature and growing costs, but rarely in higher education. Here I summarize a five-year study of classroom incivilities (CI) at a large research university. In systematic observations of large survey courses, I ranked the most problematic CI as (1) teachers displaying aloof, distancing mannerisms; (2) teachers discouraging student involvement with fast-paced lectures; (3) students' noisiness and indifference; (4) students coming late and leaving early; (5) students' sarcastic remarks/gestures; and so on. High levels of CI corresponded to low levels of student attentiveness and note-taking—and to low levels of teacher enthusiasm, clarity/organization, and immediacies (i.e., expressions of warmth and approachability). High CI meant fastpaced lectures, student confusion/annoyance, and perceptions of teachers as uncaring and incompetent. The key initiator of CI may be teachers' deficits in immediacies, particularly during the first few days of classes. Immediacy was coached here with demonstrable reductions in CI.     

关于提高体育师范生教学技能水平的研究

如何尽快培养更多的优秀师资，是当前师范院校研究的中心课题，本文提出了如何突出师范特点，加强学生能力培养方面的一些构想，旨在为培养更多的优秀师资做出努力．     

Action research remodelled in a competitive,profit-oriented sector: teachers’ and managers’ perspectives

ABSTRACT

Action research has enjoyed phenomenal growth in the field of education as a catalyst for teacher professional learning with a view to school improvement, but it is commonly remodelled across various local settings. Adopting a Schatzkian perspective, this study investigates the experiences of a range of teachers engaging in an action research program in a competitive, profit-oriented setting – the English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) sector in Australia – to explore how action research has been prefigured and remodelled in this unique context. A qualitative case study approach was adopted and a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with teachers and managers of ELICOS centres. Results of this study indicate that the way action research is understood and practised by teachers and managers in the ELICOS sector has been shaped by the competitive, profit-oriented context in which they function, with an emphasis on ‘winning’ and gaining status through action research.     

Authentic Science Research in Elementary School After-School Science Clubs

In this paper we report on teachers’ and students’ participation in authentic science research in out of school time science clubs at elementary schools. In the program four to five teachers worked alongside practicing scientists as part of their research groups. Each teacher facilitated a club with 10–15 students who, by extension, were members of the scientists’ research groups. Over the 3 years of the project nearly 30 teachers and over 500 children participated in the clubs. In this paper we present a case study of teachers and children who worked with an analytic chemist at a major university whose field of research is environmental arsenic. We illustrate how the professor mentored the teachers and how they in turn mentored the children. We show how the elementary school teachers who had very little formal science education gained the expertise needed to mentor the children. We found that in less than one academic year the teachers were able to gain the knowledge and skills to facilitate the children’s legitimate participation in authentic scientific research; and that the children gained the methodological and intellectual proficiency needed to contribute useful data and findings to the scientist’s research program.     

More than just a group: teacher collaboration and learning in the workplace

Teaching is often characterized as an isolated activity, yet opportunities for teachers to work and learn together in schools are increasing. Underlying this shift is the view that as teachers work on new practices and teaching challenges together, they will express varied perspectives, reveal different teaching styles and experiences, and stimulate reflection and professional growth. Despite strong research interest in teacher learning groups, few studies have looked at the relationship between teachers' conversations and collaboration outside the classroom and their actual classroom teaching. Drawing on data from a larger study of literacy instruction with middle‐school teachers, this article describes how three teachers participated in an ongoing literacy program with a research group. Two were seventh‐ and eighth‐grade language‐arts teachers, the third was a special‐education teacher who taught a substantially separate class of cognitively delayed and learning‐disabled students. Case studies of each teacher draw on meeting observations, classroom observations and interviews to describe how each participated in after‐school meetings, how they used the work of the group in the classroom, and how they brought teaching successes and challenges back to the group. Although each of the teachers participated actively in the teacher learning group and changed their practice, the teachers with the most advanced teaching of literacy practices did not bring that expertise into the teacher group as fully as they might have. The analysis raises questions about how teachers participate and learn and how to structure teacher groups to maximize teacher learning.     

农村幼儿教师主观幸福感状况的调查研究

目的研究农村幼儿教师幸福感的现状及其影响因素。方法采用《综合幸福问卷》对江西省256名农村幼儿教师进行研究。结果未婚教师幸福指数高于已婚教师,男性教师幸福指数高于女性教师,私立幼儿园教师幸福指数高于公办幼儿园教师,非正式编制教师幸福指数高于正式编制教师,31~40岁教师幸福指数最高,大专学历教师幸福指数最高。结论把握农村幼儿教师幸福感的特征,努力提升他们的幸福感,这是加强农村幼儿教师队伍建设的必要条件。