The spiral of silence: examining how cultural predispositions,news attention,and opinion congruency relate to opinion expression

This study examines new explanatory predictors behind the spiral of silence theory, using the issue of legalization of same-sex marriage in Singapore as the context of study. Our results show that fear of isolation and saving face were negatively associated with individuals' willingness to express their opinion on the issue, whereas news attention and issue salience were positively associated. Also, fear of isolation was negatively associated with individuals' willingness to offer a rationale for their opinion, whereas news attention and issue salience were positively associated. Power distance had no effects on outspokenness. Notably, news attention moderated the influence of fear of isolation and saving face on public outspokenness.     

沉默的螺旋是否会在互联网上消失

在互联网上 ,根据传统的实证研究得出的沉默螺旋是否会消失 ?本文从纽曼沉默螺旋的核心概念和基本假设出发 ,检验了在网络空间中“孤立恐惧动机”、“公开表达”等概念的适用性 ,结合有关CMC与FTF在群体压力方面的研究成果 ,认为沉默螺旋产生的基本条件在网络空间中仍然存在。同时对“中坚分子”的分析 ,也揭示了网络空间中沉默螺旋表现的一些特殊之处。文章还在最后对我国现实中沉默螺旋理论的适用性和表现方式的特殊性做了简单的总结。     

“Pick and choose” opinion climate: How browsing of political messages shapes public opinion perceptions and attitudes

ABSTRACT

High-choice media environments allow people to cocoon themselves with like-minded messages (confirmation bias), which could shape both individual attitudes and perceived prevalence of opinions. This study builds on motivated cognition and spiral of silence theory to disentangle how browsing political messages (both selective exposure as viewing full articles and incidental exposure as encountering leads only) shapes perceived public opinion and subsequently attitudes. Participants (N?=?115) browsed online articles on controversial topics; related attitudes and public opinion perceptions were captured before and after. Multi-level modeling demonstrated a confirmation bias. Both selective and incidental exposure affected attitudes per message stance, with stronger impacts for selective exposure. Opinion climate perceptions mediated selective exposure impacts on attitudes.     

Feminism and social change: women's place in Taiwanese newspapers and public opinion

This study used a content analysis of editorial articles to explore the portrayal of gender in women's pages of Taiwanese newspapers between 1975 and 2009. In addition to topical themes and editorial format, we focused on how women's pages present political messages in terms of the topics addressed, style of argumentation, methods of challenging traditional gender roles, and the promotion of provocative actions. We compared the content analysis data with social development indicators and public opinion polls in the contexts of the evolution of the market and the women's movement in Taiwan. We found that in the early stages of the women's movement, the women's pages mainly played the role of shaping a collective identity among the female public. During the postfeminist period, the women's pages mainly address social problems rooted in the domestic realm and provide self-development advice.     

Polls in an authoritarian space: reporting and representing public opinion in China

The news media’s use of polls is by no means the special preserve of democracies. Using the case of Chinese government’s official medium (i.e. the People’s Daily), this study set out to assess how poll results are communicated to the public in China by examining the presentation of methodological information in its poll stories, and how its web counterpart, the People’s Daily Online website, differs in its coverage of polls from a technical point of view. It then examined the outlets’ interpretations of poll results and the media logic the coverage implies in comparison with the political logic that shapes poll reporting in China. Further critical discourse analysis reveals the use of authoritarian populist rhetoric as a discursive strategy in both outlets’ representation of public opinion. Compared with the print outlet, the online outlet showed a more marked inclination to describe a certain class as ‘the people’ in anti-elite rhetoric.     

谈伊拉克战事中美国反常规的舆论控制方式

此次伊拉克战争中 ,美军所采取的反常规舆论控制方法达到甚至超过了预期的效果。这种“反常规控制”对来自不同信息源的信息不封锁 ,不设限 ,有意创造一种透明而对称的信息传播环境 ,让各种声音同时存在 ,彼此碰撞 ,又相互补充 ,提供一种多样化的报道视角和全方位的战事新闻景观 ;同时避免了单一信息环境下非正式渠道虚假信息传播带来的负效应 ,在对比和相互印证的基础上强化了主体传媒的权威性和可信度。这种更具策略性的舆论控制方式为我们提供了一个成功的案例。     

How did Americans Really Think About the Apple/FBI Dispute? A Mixed-method Study

ABSTRACT

Second-level agenda-setting suggests that news media influence how we think. As a case study examining the nature and effects of mainstream news media’s coverage of the 2015 Apple/FBI dispute about data privacy versus national security, this study found via content analysis that a majority of articles covering the dispute (73.7%) made the same potentially misleading claim about how the American public feels about the dispute. Nearly half (45.6%) of those articles made public opinion claims without offering empirical evidence, and almost all articles (97.4%) that cited the Pew survey appeared to have inadvertently created an unsubstantiated social reality. Then, this study found in a subsequent experiment that, consistent with impersonal influence, the above-mentioned news portrayals significantly affected the participants’ view on Americans’ collective opinion towards the Apple/FBI dispute. The long-term effect of this journalistic oversight is notable. Theoretical implications and practical recommendations for future science communication in the news are discussed.     

议程设置理论与后大众媒体时代的民意研究

关于媒体与民意的理论大部分提出于 1 93 0到 1 980年之间 ,这是一个仅仅拥有传统信息选择方式的时代。麦库姆斯和肖 (1 972 )最初提出议程设置理论时 ,用北卡罗莱纳州的教堂山 (ChapelHill)社区作为研究对象 ,而现在那里的媒介使用情况也已经发生了巨变。当我们迎来议程设置理论提出 3 0周年的时候 ,教堂山的受众现在面临的信息选择令人惊叹。在 2 0世纪 90年代 ,肖提出 ,美国的大众媒介已经经历了“兴和衰”(riseandfall)。肖认为 ,大众媒体时代结束于 2 0世纪 80年代。议程设置研究是否能像之前的 3 0年那样 ,继续开展下去 ?当受众使用着上百个信息来源时 ,议程设置和民意研究会产生何种变化 ?这是本文将要回答的问题     

科技信息资源共享的沉默螺旋现象分析

分析科技信息资源社会化共享过程中沉默螺旋的形成原因,包括科技信息资源的主体性和互联网背景依 旧满足沉默螺旋形成条件,并对SNS网站通过对中坚分析赋予话语权以及围绕主题小组构建社交群落,达到抑制沉默 螺旋产生的过程进行分析,指出科技信息资源的社会化共享将提升科学传播效率和公众参与度。     

突发事件舆情观点识别与分析研究评述

[目的/意义]突发事件情境下,及时有效地回应舆论关切成为舆情管理中的重要议题,梳理总结突发事件舆情观点研究现状与发展趋势有助于该领域研究开展与实践指导。[研究设计/方法]采集国内外有关突发事件舆情观点的科学文献,从信息分析过程角度出发,分为舆情观点识别、舆情观点组织和舆情观点分析三个方面进行综述。[结论/发现]随着知识图谱等技术优化与应用的不断推进,舆情观点研究可从识别细粒化、组织结构化、分析系统化等方面加以深化,在构建层次化舆情观点信息组织架构及图谱原型的基础上,建立系统化舆情观点多维演化分析框架与应用范式。[创新/价值]从信息分析过程的角度对突发事件舆情观点研究进行总结评述,为突发事件情境下舆情观点与知识图谱的深入融合应用提供参考。     

微博情境下网络舆情关键节点识别及扩散模式分析

[目的/意义]通过挖掘隐藏于大规模数据中舆情信息传播路径的共性特征和规律,提升网络舆情导控策略的针对性、有效性和高效性。[方法/过程]从信息扩散效果出发,综合考虑信息扩散广度、扩散速度、扩散深度3个评价维度,构建WSD-Rank扩散影响力度量模型。在个体影响力度量基础上,依循信息扩散的延伸结构,探析舆情信息传播模式的结构特征及演变规律。[结果/结论]舆情信息传播呈现出多种扩散模式,不同的扩散模式在传播覆盖面大小、传播速度快慢、传播效率高低以及传播生命周期长短等方面具有差异性,各扩散模式之间相互演变、交错并存。     

公共图书馆如何参与社区文化建设的思考

就社区文化建设的重要性、公共图书馆在社区文化建设中扮演的角色以及公共图书馆如何参与社区文化建设等问题展开一些思考。