‘.he was excluded for the kind of behaviour that we thought he needed support with…’ A qualitative analysis of the experiences and perspectives of parents whose children have been excluded from school

Exclusion from school is associated with adverse outcomes for young people. There is limited research that explores parents’ perspectives, particularly in relation to the exclusion of primary school aged children. The present study used semi-structured interviews with 35 parents of 37 children aged 5–12 years from the Southwest of England. Parents experiences were captured in a conceptual model through three main themes. Exclusion was described as part of a complex journey of difficulties reflected by a continuum of coping. The child’s place on the continuum was determined by an interaction between the child, family, and school with communication a key determinant. The study also highlighted the wider implications of exclusion, including emotional and functional impacts on the child and parent and highlighted the importance of the parents voice in the identification and support of their child’s needs. It also presents many complexities surrounding exclusion from school and limited support parents felt their child was offered.     

The Color of Discipline: Sources of Racial and Gender Disproportionality in School Punishment

The disproportionate discipline of African-American students has been extensively documented; yet the reasons for those disparities are less well understood. Drawing upon one year of middle-school disciplinary data for an urban school district, we explored three of the most commonly offered hypotheses for disproportionate discipline based on gender, race, and socioeconomic status. Racial and gender disparities in office referrals, suspensions, and expulsions were somewhat more robust than socioeconomic differences. Both racial and gender differences remained when controlling for socioeconomic status. Finally, although evidence emerged that boys engage more frequently in a broad range of disruptive behavior, there were no similar findings for race. Rather, there appeared to be a differential pattern of treatment, originating at the classroom level, wherein African-American students are referred to the office for infractions that are more subjective in interpretation. Implications for teacher training and structural reform are explored.     

Principals’ perceptions and experiences of the role parents play in school governing bodies in rural areas

This study investigated the perceptions and experiences of rural school principals in South Africa of the role that parents in the school governing bodies (SGBs) play in improving school management and governance. The study reports on a literature review as well as on the empirical investigation, which was based on a qualitative research paradigm. Semi-structured interviews with the principals of three different rural schools were employed to collect data. The literature findings revealed that including parents as part of the SGB is seen as an essential component for the successful functioning of the school. The empirical study also emphasised the importance of including parents. However, the principals were concerned about the fact that many members of the SGB are illiterate and uncertain of the role they play in school governance. The principals emphasised the need for training of the members of SGBs as regards their working knowledge of school governance activities.     

山西省中小学生心理健康状况调查研究

以1036名小学生、5011名初中生、1915名职业高中学生和8608名普通高中学生为研究对象,通过考察不同学段、不同性别学生在心理健康各维度上的关系,结果发现:山西省中小学生心理健康状况总体良好,且几乎各个分量表的平均分均居于正常范围。小学生总体心理健康状况存在显著的性别差异,男生显著高于女生。中学生总体心理健康状况存在显著的学段差异,且在强迫、偏执、敌对、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力感、适应不良维度上,职业高中学生显著高于普通高中学生,普通高中学生显著高于初中生;在情绪不稳定维度上,初中生与普通高中学生、职业高中学生的差异非常显著,且普通高中学生、职业高中学生显著高于初中生;在心理不平衡维度上,普通高中学生、职业高中学生显著高于初中生。中学生心理健康在强迫、抑郁、情绪不稳定维度上,女生显著高于男生;在敌对、焦虑、学习压力感、适应不良、心理不平衡维度上,男生显著高于女生。     

Reducing exclusions whilst developing effective intervention and inclusion for pupils with behaviour difficulties

abstract

This article draws upon a recent evaluation study of developments in behaviour/discipline systems in an inner-city secondary school over a period of 5 years (including a 3 year O°action research' cycle). The methodology involved the collection and analysis of data from a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches with reference to other school performance indicators. Elements of the study are discussed in order to help bridge the theory/practice divide and to share practical research findings with other schools.     

隔代教养经历对初中生自我意识的影响

为探讨隔代教养经历对初中生自我意识的影响,采用儿童自我意识量表（PHCSS）对宜宾市6所初中636名不同教养经历学生进行调查.结果表明：除合群因子外,有隔代教养经历的初中生自我意识水平低于父母教养和共同教养的学生,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;隔代教养组女生智力及学校情况、幸福与满足因子分与对照组女生差异有意义（P＜0.05）.隔代教养对个体自我意识发展存在连续性的负面影响,对女生的影响尤其值得关注.     

藏族中学生心理韧性与应对方式的关系

以291名藏族中学生为调查对象,运用中学生心理韧性量表与中学生应对方式量表进行问卷施测,探究藏族中学生心理韧性与应对方式的特点,以及其心理韧性对应对方式的影响.研究结果表明:藏族中学生的心理韧性处于中上水平;藏族中学生倾向选择的应对方式依次为:忍耐、问题解决、退避、发泄、幻想和求助,男女生之间不存在差异;多元回归显示,藏族中学生积极的心理韧性因子对积极应对方式的选择有显著预测作用.     

Peer Group Mentoring Programmes in Finnish Higher Education––Mentors’ Perspectives

Peer mentoring is one of the most important guidance practices for first-year students entering higher education and academic life. We are interested in mentors’ roles and apply the ideas of group counseling in order to increase the understanding of peer mentoring. Other aspects of guidance––content, methods, and collaboration––are approached on the basis of the holistic career guidance model. The data were gathered via an online questionnaire (n?=?784) from 20 Finnish HE institutions. The results show that peer mentoring is a positive experience. The main emphasis is on the personal, psychosocial aspects of the student’s life. We identified four mentor types based on used activities. The experience of mentoring can vary according to the mentor type.     

‘Sitting on embers’: a phenomenological exploration of the embodied experiences of inclusion of newly arrived students in Sweden

What can we learn from and with the body in order to understand more about the (lived) experiences of newly arrived students in schools? This question has hitherto been given little attention in relation to the field of migration and education. Using the perspective of Ahmed's critical feminist phenomenology, this article aims to explore the embodied experiences of the different contexts that newly arrived students encounter in a rural monolingual school in Sweden. The empirical data are based on participant observation conducted in introductory and mainstream classrooms, as well as interviews undertaken with newly arrived students during a year of fieldwork. The findings of our study show how close attention to newly arrived students' embodied experiences can help to dispel prevailing myths surrounding inclusion, bringing to light thereby how the current lived conditions of inclusion in fact carry with them lines of exclusion.     

高职学生心理韧性调查分析——以江苏省三所高职院校为例

调查分析发现,高职学生心理韧性在性别、年级、生源地和是否独生子女等方面存在显著差异;同时,家庭教养方式对学生心理韧性具有显著影响。因此,为提升高职学生心理韧性,应从心理素质教育、家庭与社会支持三个方面加强对学生的干预与训练。     

Joint supervision practices in doctoral education – A student experience

This paper presents a study of students’ experiences of joint supervision practices and supervisors’ professional work in doctoral education in one department of a Finnish university. A qualitative methodology was used to explore students’ experiences of joint supervision practices and an inductive protocol was used to analyse the data gathered through thematic interviews (N=11). The results describe three identified joint supervision practices: the complementary, the substitutive, and the diversified. The results suggest that departments and faculties should develop more official support and guidance for students to identify additional supervisors during their doctoral education.     

Exploring formative assessment as a tool for learning: students’ experiences of different methods of formative assessment

This study aims to provide a greater insight into how formative assessments are experienced and understood by students. Two different formative assessment methods, an individual, written assessment and an oral group assessment, were components of a pathology course within a medical curriculum. In a cohort of 70 students, written accounts were collected from 17 students and group interviews were carried out to explore the students’ experiences of these two forms of assessment. All students were engaged in both assessment methods, which were conducted a few weeks apart, and data were collected soon after each assessment. Our findings suggest that formative assessments motivate students to study, make them aware of what they have learned and where they need to study more. Thus, formative assessment can act as a tool for learning, contributing to the process and outcomes of learning. A closer look at students’ experiences of each form of assessment reveals interesting differences.     

浅论学生口语交际中的思想教育

在基础教育阶段语文素养的培养中,口语交际能力的培养是很重要的一个方面。教师要善于创设情境,引导学生敢于表达,锻造他们的思想;还要利用文本,在阅读中训练小学生的口语交际能力     

国外学校效能评价指标研究的新进展

国外学校效能评价指标研究可以从经济学视角指标因素研究、组织管理学指标因素研究、社会学意义指标研究及人类学视角指标因素研究解读,研究特点可以用层次性、多样性、动态性、实证性、矛盾性来概括。学校效能评价研究面临评价指标过于繁杂、学生水平效能研究关注较少、评价学校效能的标准缺乏全面性等挑战,因此,未来学校效能评价研究将关注更精确学校效能评价指标体系、学生效能、更为广泛与全面的学生指标研究。     

建构和完善育人体系增强农村学校法纪教育的实效性

随着我国农村经济改革的不断深入,农民物质文化生活得到了很大改善和提高,但是,农村学校法纪教育缺失问题在各地农村仍然极为明显,中小学生的安全、教育、情感、心理等一系列问题日益突击。尤其是农村学校中的违法乱纪现象急剧上升,已变成为严重的社会问题。本文通过对农村学校法纪教育的现状及其成因和教育思路的探讨,以此来增强农村各级组织和学校对这一特殊群体的法纪教育意识,从而减少农村学校中的违法犯罪并同时得到社会各方面的关注。     

人工智能时代学生主体性的相关问题探讨

为探讨人工智能时代学生主体性可能遭遇的危险,文章围绕“学生是谁”、“何种角色”和“如何存在”这三个问题,分别追问了人工智能时代学生的主体属性、反思了人工智能时代学生的主体地位、分析了人工智能时代学生主体权利的实现程度,研究结果表明:人工智能时代学生存在被物化的可能,学生可能再次成为学校教育中的被塑造者,学生的主体权利可能会被隐蔽式剥夺。为消除这些潜在的危险,文章明确了人工智能时代巩固学生主体性需要解决的关键问题并对其进行了探讨,以推动人工智能时代学生的全面发展,并为人工智能在教育中的应用提供一定的理论参照。