Explicating factual and subjective science knowledge: knowledge as a mediator of news attention and attitudes

Communication scholars have conflicting views on the relationship between exposure to science news and knowledge, and its subsequent influence on attitudes. Such mixed sentiments could arise from the vague definition of knowledge. Therefore, this paper explicates science knowledge into factual knowledge and subjective knowledge. It also compares the mediating roles of both types of knowledge between news attention and public support for science and technology (S&T). A survey of 967 Singaporeans showed that news attention was positively related to both factual and subjective knowledge. The findings revealed a stronger relationship between subjective knowledge and news attention than factual knowledge and news attention. Additionally, factual knowledge was positively related to public support for S&T, but subjective knowledge was negatively related to public support for S&T. The contrasting directions of these associations demonstrate that factual and subjective knowledge are two distinct dimensions of knowledge. Practically, the findings can inform policymakers and communication practitioners about effective public education and engagement initiatives. This study also provided guidelines for newsmakers in news reporting about S&T.     

Rush,Rachel, and Rx: Modeling Partisan Media's Influence on Structural Knowledge of Healthcare Policy

Examining the impact of various media sources on knowledge has a long tradition in political communication. Although much of the extant research focuses on the impact of traditional media on factual knowledge, research is expanding to include a variety of media sources and multiple dimensions of knowledge, in addition to understanding processes that better explain these relationships. Using a nationwide, opt-in online survey (n = 993), we examine the relationship between partisan media and structural knowledge, which assess how interconnected people see political concepts. Utilizing understanding of the Affordable Care Act as the content area of interest, we examine whether exposure to partisan media has differential effects on attitudinal ambivalence—holding both positive and negative attitudes toward an object—based on the political ideology of the respondent, and whether this impact of ambivalence influenced structural knowledge. Our results show that exposure to attitude-consistent media decreased attitudinal ambivalence. This exposure to attitude-consistent media results in a positive indirect effect on structural knowledge through this decrease in ambivalence. We find the reverse effect for use of attitude-inconsistent media.     

网络健康社区知识共享的影响因素研究

[目的/意义] 探究网络健康社区知识共享的影响因素,对优化网络健康社区知识服务、促进健康知识的交流与传播具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 将网络健康社区中的知识划分为公共健康知识和个人健康知识,依据社会认知理论构建影响因素模型,并利用结构方程模型进行验证和分析。[结果/结论] 数据分析结果表明,自我效能、利他主义、社会信任、社会认同、感知有用性等变量与公共健康知识和个人健康知识共享行为都呈显著正相关,感知风险与公共健康知识共享行为无显著相关性,与个人健康知识共享行为呈显著负相关。     

跨学科团队协同知识创造中的知识类型和互动过程研究——来自重大科技工程创新团队的案例分析

以跨学科团队为研究对象,取景于钱学森系统科学研讨团队和航天某创新团队,探讨协同知识创造中的知识类型和互动过程问题。在知识类型上,团队协同知识创造不仅对与任务直接相关的主题知识进行探讨,还依托于与任务并不直接相关的非主题知识,达成对不同学科主题知识的解释和理解,同时促进团队成员之间的互动沟通和共识达成。在互动过程中,跨学科团队通过知识表述、知识解释、知识涌现和知识建构4个过程,实现新知识的协同创造。主要贡献是引入哲学家哈贝马斯的主题知识和非主题知识这一概念划分,建构团队协同知识创造过程模型。     

eHealth literacy and the motivators for HPV prevention among young adults in Kenya

ABSTRACT

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common but preventable sexually transmitted infections that affect males and females but knowledge about it and vaccine uptake remain low. As organizations adopt eHealth communication strategies to communicate about HPV, this study examines the association between eHealth literacy (and related elements) and the motivators for HPV prevention that are based on the protection motivation theory. A survey was conducted among 472 young adults in Kenya and results show moderate eHealth literacy (M = 3.21, SD = 1.03) and online information seeking (M = 3.57, SD = 1.08) but low HPV knowledge and risk perception. eHealth literacy was correlated with HPV knowledge, perceived risk, self-efficacy, and response efficacy whereas online health information seeking were correlated with perceived seriousness of HPV infection. This study suggests examining the discrepancy between online information seeking and knowledge and the disparities in eHealth literacy among young adults in HPV communication.     

国外知识交流研究进展

采用文献统计方法,较为系统地论述知识交流的概念.客观地归纳国外知识交流的范围,包括医疗保健、建筑、教育科研、卫生服务、科技设施、自然环境、公共管理等领域,揭示知识交流的特征,并对知识交流的内涵进行界定.在此基础上,揭示知识交流的机制,设计知识交流模型,并提出发展国内知识交流的建议.     

搜索前后用户知识水平的评估及其变化情况分析

[目的/意义]信息搜索是人们常用的信息查询方法,目前搜索系统在查找事实型信息时支持效果较好,但是对人们以学习为目的的搜索功能还缺乏研究。"搜索即学习"（search as learning）是近年来交互式信息检索的研究热点,这类研究中将搜索看作学习的过程,并尝试对用户搜索中的知识学习进行评估,进而提出系统支持用户学习的功能优化建议。本文着重解决如何全面评估用户搜索前后的知识水平,为此类研究提供参考。[方法/过程]采用用户实验法,对用户搜索前和搜索后撰写的知识内容进行评估,提出综合数量与质量维度的用户知识评估方法,对用户在学习型任务搜索前后知识水平进行评估。数据分析阶段采用统计方法来验证用户搜索后与搜索前的知识水平差异。[结果/结论]研究发现,用户在知识数量上的表现随着搜索的完成而变得更加全面和深入,在知识点数量、知识面数量、知识面广度和知识面深度上都有显著的提升。同时,在搜索后产生了专业度较高的知识面。对于搜索前较模糊的某些概念,在搜索后表达得更清晰明确。在质量上,搜索后绝大多数的用户都在知识的相关性、分析程度及用户观点的提出方面有所提升。     

医学期刊应践行“互联网+精准健康科普”的社会责任

“互联网+”时代新媒体越来越多地成为公众和医学专业人士获取健康信息的主要来源,医学期刊在作为学术交流平台的同时也肩负着推动“互联网+精准健康科普”的社会责任。医学期刊投身健康科普,通过微信、微博、今日头条、抖音等新媒体传播平台,充分地实现医学专家和医学研究成果等学术资源的科普价值,更精准地做好健康知识普及工作,弥补大众媒体和自媒体学术性和科学性方面的不足,有助于满足公众对高质量健康知识传播的需求。同时,医学期刊坚持内容为王的理念,通过打磨专业化的原创内容,使用高可读性的表现方式,采取个性化和分众的信息推送方式,增强互动和人性化服务意识等策略,从而更好地满足公众和医务人员对健康信息的精准需求,有助于改善医患关系和医疗环境,在推动健康科普、提高全民健康素养、推进健康中国建设中发挥更积极的作用。     

组织知识网络结构特征、关系质量与创新能力关系的实证研究

从组织知识网络的结构特征以及组织间合作伙伴关系的视角,探讨组织知识创新的影响因素,并用结构方程模型对其进行实证检验。结果显示,知识网络的结构特征对组织间合作伙伴关系有着显著影响,其中网络中心度和网络密度对其存在显著的正向影响,而结构洞对其存在显著的负向影响;网络中心度和网络密度对企业知识创新能力有着显著的正向影响,而结构洞对企业知识创新能力的正向影响没有获得样本数据的支持。组织间合作伙伴关系质量对企业的知识创新能力也有显著的正向影响。该结论是理解知识网络构建意义的关键。     

Mapping the Health Communication Infrastructure in Rural Senegal: an Assessment to Support Cervical Cancer Screening

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of women's cancer deaths in Senegal, but few medical personnel are trained to perform cervical cancer screening. In rural areas, the situation is worse. To remedy this, a collaborative of researchers and stakeholders trained local health-care workers in cervical cancer screening through the “training-of-trainers” method. However, lack of cancer screening knowledge, barriers, and a hard-to-reach population may jeopardize the collaborative's efforts. The purpose of this study is to map the health communication infrastructure by applying communication infrastructure theory to assess general health and cancer screening knowledge, as well as attitudes and barriers toward screening. Results from focus groups and interviews show that women have minimal knowledge of cervical cancer. Moreover, health workers report detrimental attitudes in menopausal women. Our findings identified routes for information dissemination and attitude change including community radio and local health talks.     

Contradictions in surgical work teams

Teamwork and communication are essential to effective work groups in health care. This project investigated how an impending technology change spurred the staff in an ophthalmological surgical department to improve their teamwork and communication processes. Data were gathered using focus groups, key informant interviews, and workplace observations involving 56 employees. Qualitative, interpretive analysis indicated that lack of communication impacted team processes and job satisfaction. Participants indicated that sharing knowledge and developing policy knowledge were problematic, especially as those processes concerned job duties. Results were interpreted using structurating activity theory. Analysis identified system-level and structural-level contradictions that hindered activity accomplishment. Several practical implications of findings are offered, including using the experience of work team contradictions as opportunities to transform practices, implementing ongoing inter-professional training for work teams, and providing opportunities for work team members to be reflective about their team experiences. Future research suggestions are offered for extending findings.     

图书馆知识生态系统的知识交流机制研究

为优化图书馆知识生态系统,保障知识交流的通畅,文章运用生态系统的层次结构理论描绘出图书馆知识生态系统的构成。通过各层次图书馆知识生态系统的知识交流分析,展现整个知识生态系统的动态性,并以此为基础构建以动力机制为牵引、保障机制为基础、管理机制为实现模式、监督机制为效果评价的知识交流机制体系,从而加快知识生态系统内的知识流动和循环,促进知识共享,激发知识创新。     

The NHS Lanarkshire Intranet site (FirstPort) and its effectiveness as a knowledge management tool

The use of intranets as knowledge management tools in the NHS has been applied with varying success. This study set out to evaluate the effectiveness of the NHS Lanarkshire intranet site FirstPort as a knowledge management tool and to capture opinions on what would be required of a new FirstPort 2 site to be launched in the summer of 2012. The research was conducted in June 2011 by Paul Herbert as part of MSc in Health Informatics at the University of Sheffield, supervised by Nigel Ford. At the time of the study, Paul was working at NHS Lanarkshire and he was able to give his employers a useful set of recommendations. He moved to his present post with Healthcare Improvement Scotland in June 2012. This article is the first in the Dissertations into Practice series to investigate web‐based tools for information and communication inside the NHS, but there are more in the pipeline. AM     

知识特性对知识转移效率影响效应的结构分析

基于结构分析方法,在排除其他相关因素作用的前提下,就知识特性对于知识转移效率所产生的效应进行了分析。理论研究确立了知识默示性、复杂性、专用性为知识特性的关键因素,并从知识获取程度、运用程度、满意程度、顺畅程度4个维度表征知识转移效率的高低。研究进而结合调研数据,采用AMOS7.0对于知识特性的驱动作用及结构模型内部关系展开实证分析,为相关理论假设提供了数据支持。研究结论对于企业明确识别关键因素,有效开展知识管理有着积极的作用。     

Yes means yes and no means no,but both these mantras need to go: communication myths in consent education and anti-rape activism*

For decades, feminists have intervened in a sexually violent culture. Many public health professionals, educators, and activists who design these interventions have called for complex conceptualizations of communication, yet communication studies scholars have not written extensively on consent. Moreover, researchers outside the field rarely rely on insights from the discipline. Accordingly, I offer a critical review of consent activism and research, and I highlight disciplinary assumptions that could enhance existing knowledge. I argue that many feminist academic/activist interventions use false ideas about communication, what I call communication myths: discourse merely reflects reality, and local discourse is disconnected from larger social Discourse. I show how these communication myths resonate with rape-supportive arguments. By suggesting communication should be unambiguous during consent, anti-violence educators/activists lower the standard for communicative competence, disconnect it from historical-cultural context, and miss opportunities to politicize consent. I argue feminists can challenge communication myths to build on existing interventions while more fully dismantling rape culture.     

知识转移及其相关概念辨析

知识转移是在受控环境中实现知识从拥有者到接受者的传播,缩小人类个体或组织之间的知识差距,并促进人类共同发展的过程。知识转移是一个特殊的知识传播过程,是在受控环境中进行的,其根本作用是缩小人类个体或组织之间的知识差距并促进人类的共同发展。虽然知识转移、知识扩散和知识共享都是知识传播的特殊类型,但三者在概念的内涵与外延上存在一定差异。     

Enacted Goal Attention in Family Conversations about End-of-life Health Decisions

Most extant research on end-of-life communication in families has been based on the assumption that more communication is better communication. We used a multiple goals theoretical perspective to demonstrate that the quality of communication about end-of-life decisions matters. Members of 121 older parent/adult child dyads (N = 242) engaged in an elicited conversation about end-of-life health choices and reported their assessments of the conversation. Using multilevel linear modeling, we found that outside ratings of a person's communication quality (i.e., attention to task, identity, and relational goals) as well as outside ratings of the partner's communication quality were positively associated with the person's reported conversational satisfaction and hopefulness and negatively associated with the person's hurt feelings and relational distancing.     

临床医学期刊在健康科普中的作用

随着泛在网络时代的到来,新媒体已成为人们获取健康知识的首要途径;但当前网络健康知识来源芜杂,各种夸大甚至歪曲医学事实的报道层出不穷,健康科普的“含金量”亟须提高。临床医学期刊是权威医学成果发布和交流的重要平台,拥有由作者、审者和编者等众多优秀医学专业工作者组成的专家团队,具有天然的健康科普优势和媒体属性。《协和医学杂志》通过将医学论文科普化、捕捉新闻热点、培养科普人才、充分利用新媒体平台等途径,证明临床医学期刊有责任更有能力在健康科普中发挥重要作用。     

知识地图的构建方法论研究

认为知识地图作为一种知识管理工具正在得到越来越广泛的应用,其中最为关键的一点即如何构建出面向用户需求的知识地图,以方便用户对知识的检索、获取。深入分析各类知识地图的基础上,提炼出构建知识地图的基本方法论,即要素识别、关联分析和结构化展示,其支撑着知识的分类、链接和多结构化显示的要求,贯穿于知识地图构建、评价和优化的动态化全程。     

基于知识内容的区域产业集群知识网络研究——以东莞电子信息产业集群为例

以为知识网络是知识在创新网络中转移和流动的一种具体体现。通过采用社会网络分析方法,研究东莞电子信息产业集群中的技术知识网络、管理知识网络和市场知识网络。实证结果表明:三类知识网络既密切相关又具有很大的差异,产业集群中的企业在合作中除了交流技术知识,同时也进行着市场知识和管理知识的交流。整合技术、市场和管理知识的能力对于企业的发展意义重大。本研究在一定程度上拓展了创新网络的研究视角,也为创新网络理论的发展提供本土经验证据。