美国托幼机构教育质量研究述评

自20世纪60年代以来,美国托幼机构教育质量研究在民众追求教育的公平、效果和效率的动力推动下,从对一般性的"托幼机构教育是否利于儿童发展"问题的分析,逐渐深入、具体为对"怎样的托幼机构教育更有利于儿童发展"和"如何提供高质量的托幼机构教育"等问题的探究;研究范式从条件-结果模式逐渐转向生态模式,研究设计从考察短期效果的简单横断研究转向分析长期效果的复杂的长期追踪研究.     

亲子关系对独生子女成长的影响

独生子女家庭的亲子关系具有如下特点：亲子互动频繁，亲子关系伙伴化；父母对子女的高期望值；偏重子代。而这样的亲子关系对独生子女的学业成绩，性格特征，社会交往能力等多方面都产生了不可忽视的影响。     

当前幼儿读物存在的问题及原因分析——以呼和浩特、乌兰察布市为例

幼儿读物是幼儿认识世界的重要媒介之一,幼儿读物对幼儿的发展有着不可替代的影响作用。笔者通过访谈、观察呼和浩特、乌兰察布市的一些图书市场,以及对幼儿家长的调查问卷,发现当前幼儿读物存在以下问题：幼儿读物的种类多但质量参差不齐;主题过于单一而缺乏创意;内容繁杂而良莠不齐;题材多外国经典而少本土原创;形式多样但安排不当;多媒体电子读物对幼儿图书阅读形成一定的冲击。     

浅谈高等师范院校儿童文学教材编撰的不足

针对目前普遍使用的三种高等师范院校儿童文学教材,探讨了有关儿童文学的定义与文学体裁的分类问题,试图通过探讨引起社会对儿童文学学科建设的广泛关注,并进一步完善儿童文学教材的编撰。     

儿童提问中的朴素哲学思维

儿童的“提问”在某种程度上就是人类哲学的胚胎。进入儿童的问题世界,可以发现儿童对本原的追问,对认识的追问,对美德的追问。儿童的“提问”是生命个体内部矛盾的真实反映,表达了其认识发生发展的过程。如果将儿童某个维度的“提问”用时间的链条串起来审视,我们会看到个体“提问”的演进过程。提问是儿童认识世界、把握世界的一种方式,是儿童存在的一种方式。     

试论中国宗法制度对中国现代女性儿童文学的影响

中国的宗法体制强调男权的权威性,对中国的女性和儿童产生了极大的负面影响。五四运动后,随着社会革命和思想革命的爆发,很多女作家响应时代和社会的要求,将目光投向与她们有着相似命运的儿童身上,尊重儿童,否定传统宗法制度。另一方面面对复杂的社会,儿童天真、善良、纯洁的本性更显得弥足珍贵,作家们也试图在儿童身上寻找自己精神的寄托。     

Evaluation of Mental Health Consultation in Child Care Centers

Mental health professionals have speculated that their consultation services should improve the overall quality of a child care center, but few research studies have shown this effect in child care settings. In the present study, mental health consultation services were provided by four agencies to 25 urban child care centers to enhance children's emotional lives and social abilities, and to strengthen child care center staff's capacity to work with children who have difficult behaviors. A one-year evaluation was conducted to assess the impact of the mental health services on the teachers and child care centers using observational measures, director- and teacher-completed questionnaires, and qualitative focus group data. Centers with more than one year of consultation showed increases in overall quality, teachers' self-efficacy, and teachers' competence. In addition, staff expressed satisfaction with the mental health consultation services provided. Implications of findings and suggestions for future interventions are discussed.     

A Study of Child Rearing Practices Amongst Selected,Sudanese Families in South Australia: Implications for Child Care Service Selection

Child care services in Australia, for example, are largely defined and shaped by the historically dominant Anglo-Australian discourse and norms. The aim of this research was to examine critically and to find meaning in the experiences of recently arrived Sudanese families as they began to settle into their new cultural environment. The cultural values of some 30 Sudanese families were investigated and related to how these affected the selection of child care services. Qualitative research methods including an indigenous approach were used to gather data. Interactions with Sudanese families took place in their home environments. Interviews were conducted in a way that put those people interviewed at ease. Techniques used included narrative interviewing and vignettes.     

Rights of the Child and Early Childhood Education and Care in Europe

‘Securing the rights articulated in the Convention is an effective approach to improving the quality of early experiences.’ 1 1 Early Childhood Rights Indicators, A guide for Monitoring the Convention on the Rights of the Child, http://earlylearning.ubc.ca/media/uploads/documents/internationalresearchbriefjan2012.pdf , p2
This article analyses early childhood education and care and child rights in early childhood and their relationship in the European Union. Both are primarily national competencies. The EU has limited access and tools to influence policies and practices, while there are many ways in which indirect interventions are not only possible, but greatly used, often in areas that do not seem to be closely related to the issues discussed here. Yet there is a strong desire and interest of the different EU institutions to encourage and support Member States to implement both ECEC targets and child rights. In this article, we show that, while ECEC has become an essential part of different policies at EU level, there have been efforts to implement and mainstream child rights, with special attention paid to specific dimensions in relation to early childhood policies and practices, but a child rights based approach is missing.     

Child psychiatrists' view of father-daughter incest

Mental health clinicians, charged with treating a growing number of incestuous daughters, have little empirical data on which to base their clinical judgments. The present study explored the hypotheses of child psychiatrists on the impact of incest. The results suggest that these clinicians view incest as almost always causing serious psychological disorder. While there appears to be little agreement on the nature of acute sequela, disturbed heterosexual functioning was frequently cited as a long-term consequence. In addition, the results suggest that psychiatrists consider factors related to the make-up of the incestuous family, and not the actual sexual behavior, as most pathogenic. The implications of the present results for future research are discussed.     

浅析鲁迅作品中的“小儿崇拜”倾向

鲁迅的作品有着浓厚的“小儿崇拜”倾向,深刻地揭露和强烈地谴责了戕害小儿天性的父权父道和师者至尊的封建思想。他倡导“幼者本位;”,呼吁“救救孩子”,积极寻求“完全解放了我们的孩子”的有效路径。     

The case of the leaving certificate applied

This paper deals with the topic of child protection in Irish primary schools, and reports on a recently completed survey of newly qualified teachers’ knowledge of and familiarity with their school's child protection policies and procedures. The study was undertaken by means of a questionnaire survey, and conducted with 103 teachers from different schools. The child protection roles and responsibilities of schools are clearly spelt out in national guidelines. However, the findings from this research indicate that compliance with the requirement to inform new staff about the guidelines and ensure that they have read them is weak. This is evidenced by the data concerning the teachers’ reported knowledge of, and familiarity with, their school's child protection policies. Half of the respondents did not know if their school had a child protection policy or not. Of those who were aware of their school's child protection policy, only just over half had read it. Well under half of the respondents knew if there was a Designated Liaison Person (DLP) with responsibility for child protection in their school. Furthermore, nearly two-thirds of respondents reported uncertainty or lack of confidence in being able to identify suspected child abuse. The paper draws on international research on child protection in education to provide the context for a discussion on the factors that influence schools’ motivation and willingness to collaborate as key protectors of children's safety and welfare, and makes recommendations for policy makers, school managers and frontline staff.     

Corporate-Sponsored Child Care: Benefits for Children, Families, and Employers

As more women enter the workforce, businesses are beginning to devise methods to assist employees with their child care needs. Research has demonstrated the benefits of corporate child care arrangements, not only for the employer but also for employees. Some companies utilize early childhood accreditation as a means of establishing quality caregiving. Yet, almost no research has been conducted to determine how corporate sponsored child care, accredited or not, affects the children involved. Many questions beg to be answered before it is known what the benefits of corporate-sponsored child care are for young children.     

儿童营养性维生素D缺乏性佝偻病160例诊治体会

目的分析当前儿童营养性维生素D缺乏佝偻病的特点,探讨一种安全、有效、方便、经济的防治手段。方法对来院儿保门诊检查的3月一1岁的160例营养性维生素D缺乏性佝偻病进行统计分析,患儿在去除病因、户外活动逐渐达2小时以上的基础上,VDl000-1400u／日口服,同时服用钙剂（元素钙500mg／日）,至治愈。治疗1月后复查,达到治愈标准后停止跟踪,改为VD预防量,停止口服钙剂。结果经上述方法综合治疗后,1个月治愈82例（51．25％）,2个月35例（21．88％）,3个月治愈25例（15．63％）,4个月治愈13例（8．13％）,5个月5例（3．13％）,未发现不良反应。结论小剂量VD加钙剂（500mg／日钙元素）疗效显著,并且安全、方便、未见副作用,值得推广应用。在使用药物的同时,必须去除病因,确保户3,1-,5动在每日2小时以上是非常重要的。