多种辅导方法在一名ADHD儿童干预中的运用

注意力缺失/多动症（ADHD）是儿童行为问题中最常出现的一种问题,严重影响到儿童的发展、教育、课业学习及社会行为,儿童与他们的父母也承受了许多痛苦。本个案是小学一年级的学生,经过一学年的辅导已发生了较大的转变。     

箱庭疗法改ADHD儿童情绪行为问题的个案研究

注意力缺陷多动障碍( attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是常见的儿童期发展障碍.又称"轻微脑损伤或功能障碍""儿童期运动机能亢奋反应"等,在中国称为"多动症".我国学者何侃调查指出,我国儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍的发生率为4.31%~5.83%,居于学龄儿童精神障碍发病率的首位[1].     

儿童自闭症饮食病因机制的研究进展

本文查阅了大量国外研究资料,主要从谷蛋白和/或酪蛋白饮食、维生素与矿物质以及酸性食物对儿童自闭症的影响三个方面,对儿童自闭症饮食病因机制的研究进展进行了概括性的介绍。     

儿童多动与儿童多动症（下）

四、多动症的诊断由于多动症的病因比较复杂,因此在判断儿童是否患有多动症时,必须十分谨慎,不能只根据外在表现而轻率地给孩子贴上多动症的标签。另外,儿童精神病、癫痫、器质性脑综合症、儿童焦虑等也有类似于多动症的症状。还有研究表明,创造力和多动症有着潜在的、共同的生理、认知及气质基础,一些有创造天赋的人同样正忍受着类似于多动症的困扰,而这些人常常由于被错误地当作多动症治疗,而无法真正成为一个高创造性者。因而在诊断时除了向家长、老师了解病史及症状外,还要进行行为指标、生理指标、心理指标、动作指     

感觉统合训练联合认知训练对ADHD儿童的干预研究

文章探讨了感觉统合训练联合认知训练对ADHD儿童的干预效果,采用单一被试A-B-A实验设计,对1名ADHD儿童进行感觉统合训练及认知训练,首先评估该儿童的注意力水平,制订干预方案,然后根据主客观指标评估干预前后被试ADHD症状的改善情况,以探讨感觉统合联合认知训练对ADHD儿童干预的效果.结果表明,感觉统合联合认知训练...     

国外ADHD儿童教育干预研究

文章从行为管理、同伴干预计划、课堂管理策略等方面详细阐述了国外如何在学校环境中对ADHD儿童进行教育干预,并指出目前ADHD干预研究的不足及研究方向。     

教育评价应用于儿童ADHD早期筛查及干预研究

本研究将教育评价的方法应用于儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍(简称AD-HD)早期筛查与干预,目的是提高ADHD儿童早期筛查与干预的实效性,更好地帮助ADHD儿童改善注意力问题,使其更好地适应学习及发展的需要。早期筛查主要采用诊断性评价的方法,分成正常组和问题儿童组,采用以我中心自主研发并获国家专利的"育源全脑开发多功能学具"及心理教育系列课程为载体实施干预,结果用t检验对干预前后所测数据进行分析,正常组ADHD儿童P0.01,问题组AD儿童P0.01,说明干预后达到了显著水平。问题组HD儿童P0.05,虽未达到显著水平,但从前后所测对照图中可以看出:均有改善。     

同伴互助,助力ADHD儿童健康成长

教师同伴互助,是指在同校或不同校的几个教师间发生的,以专业发展为方向的,以解决教育教学中的实践问题为目的,以平等互助为原则的,旨在实现教师相互合作、自我提升并共同发展的教学与研究活动.针对绍兴市上虞区小学各校的实际情况,同伴互助组的心理教师围绕活动主题,积极开展校际间的同伴互助和同侪督导,推进各校的心理健康教育工作,促进自身的专业成长,助力ADHD儿童健康成长.     

ADHD儿童的人际交往宣导课实践案例

一位ADHD儿童由于上课违纪干扰同学上课,经常与同学发生矛盾继而动手,使得该儿童被班上同学排斥。为了使ADHD儿童更好地融入班级,可以借助班级宣导课让班上同学更好地接纳他、理解他以及帮助他。宣导课包括以下过程：收集资料,实施宣导课,选拔小天使,培训小天使。干预效果良好。     

早期儿童游戏与心理理论发展的研究进展及启示

国内外的研究表明,假装游戏、亲子游戏中的主动参与和建议游戏,特别是母亲的指导游戏与儿童心理理论的关系尤为密切.重视儿童的自由游戏尤其是假装游戏,并在游戏中提供支持和引导,积极开展混龄游戏和抑制性控制游戏等,有助于促进儿童心理理论的发展.     

Diagnosis and treatment children and adolescents with autism and ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are neurodevelopmental disorders that emerge in childhood. There is increasing recognition that ADHD and autism frequently co-occur. Yet, questions remain among clinicians regarding the best ways to evaluate and treat co-occurring autism and ADHD. This review outlines issues relevant to providing evidence-based practice to individuals and families who may be experiencing difficulties associated with co-occurring autism and ADHD. After describing the complexities of the co-occurrence of autism and ADHD, we present practical considerations for best practice assessment and treatment of co-occurring autism and ADHD. Regarding assessment, this includes considerations for interviewing parents/caregivers and youth, using validated parent and teacher rating scales, conducting cognitive assessments, and conducting behavior observations. Regarding treatment, consideration is given to behavioral management, school-based interventions, social skills development, and the use of medications. Throughout, we note the quality of evidence that supports a particular component of assessment or treatment, highlighting when evidence is most relevant to those with co-occurring autism and ADHD across stages of development. In light of the current evidence for assessment and treatment of co-occurring autism and ADHD, we conclude by outlining practical implications for clinical and educational practice.     

Associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: A prospective nationally-representative twin study

Child maltreatment has consistently been found to be associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the robustness of this association and the direction of the link between maltreatment and ADHD remain unclear. We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a cohort of 2232 British twins, to investigate the associations between exposure to abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and in young adulthood, and to test their robustness and specificity. We also aimed to test longitudinal associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood, controlling for confounders. Results indicated strong associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and also in young adulthood. In childhood, the association was concentrated among children with comorbid conduct disorder. Longitudinal analyses showed that childhood ADHD predicted abuse/neglect in later years. This association was again concentrated among individuals with comorbid conduct disorder. Abuse/neglect in childhood was not associated with later ADHD in young adulthood after adjusting for childhood ADHD. Our study does not provide support of a causal link between child abuse/neglect and adult ADHD but highlights the possibility of a long-term effect of disruptive behaviors on the risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. These findings emphasize the need for clinicians treating people with ADHD, especially those with comorbid conduct disorder, to be aware of their increased risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. Interventions aimed at reducing risks of abuse/neglect should also focus on the environment of individuals with disruptive behaviors.     

社区服刑人员心理矫正理论与实践研究

社区心理矫正是社区矫正工作的重要组成部分,目前社区服刑人员的心理矫正工作还需要进一步加强,明确社区心理矫正的适用对象,确定社区心理矫正的主要内容,是开展社区心理矫正的前提,社区心理矫正的技术和方法是进行这项工作的关键所在。     

孤独症病因模式与治疗选择

文章对目前三种主要的孤独症病因模式以及对其治疗方法选择的影响作了比较和讨论,它们包括精神分析学模式、神经功能失调模式、生化模式.     

高校学术不端成因及其治理研究

学术不端行为已经严重影响了高校的教学、科研和社会服务这三大功能。本文将从社会环境、制度环境和自身素质三个方面探讨高校学术不端行为的成因,并在此基础上提出相应的治理对策。     

注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的特征及干预策略

ADHD儿童有着和一般儿童不同的神经生理特点、认知特点、行为特点等，应该从整体上认识和训练ADHD儿童。     

Knowledge and Misperceptions about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Among School Teachers in Mumbai,India

Teachers play an important role in the diagnosis and management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). There are no published studies on Indian teachers’ knowledge of ADHD. In the present study, the aim was to assess knowledge and misperceptions about ADHD among schoolteachers in Mumbai. A total of 106 teachers from 12 English-medium schools completed the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorders Scale and a demographic questionnaire. Overall, the teachers lacked adequate knowledge of ADHD, with only 49% of the responses being correct. Repeated measures ANOVA results indicated that the teachers’ scores on the three subscales of the measure were significantly different (F = 7.96, p < .01), with the score being highest on the symptoms subscale. In conclusion, teachers in Mumbai need training on general information and treatment of ADHD, with a focus on correcting common misperceptions that they have with regards to ADHD.     

仪式与心理治疗

仪式作为一种社会文化现象具有悠久的历史和广泛的意义,多学科对其表现出浓厚的兴趣并取得丰硕的理论成果。本文梳理了仪式的心理治疗作用的相关研究,为以后仪式在心理治疗中的理论研究与实践运用提供可能的借鉴。     

Associations of adversity in childhood and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in mid-adulthood

Studies assessing associations of childhood psychosocial adversity (e.g. sexual abuse, physical neglect, parental death), as opposed to socioeconomic adversity, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adulthood are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess associations of various types of psychosocial adversity and cumulative adversity in childhood, with multiple CVD risk factors in mid-life. At study enrolment, women from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 3612) retrospectively reported: lack of maternal care, maternal overprotection, parental mental illness, household dysfunction, sexual abuse, physical and emotional abuse, and neglect in childhood. Approximately 23 years later, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and arterial distensibility were assessed (mean age 51 years). We examined associations of each specific type of psychosocial adversity and cumulative adversity with CVD risk factors. No specific type of psychosocial adversity was consistently associated with the CVD risk factors. There was evidence that a one standard deviation greater cumulative psychosocial adversity was associated with 0.51 cm greater waist circumference (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 cm, 1.00 cm, p = 0.04) and a lower arterial distensibility, even after adjustment for age, ethnicity and childhood and adult socioeconomic position. We found no consistent evidence that any specific type of psychosocial adversity, or cumulative psychosocial adversity in childhood, is associated with CVD risk factors in adult women.     

青少年产生心理问题的原因及防治

青少年心理在人类社会每个时代都是不容忽视的问题,他们的健康成长关乎到人类社会的顺延发展。我们有必要了解青少年心理问题产生的原因,并对心理问题进行防治。