CAS Researchers Join Hands with World Peers for Sequenced Rice Genome

Adetailed analysis of the high-quality sequence of the rice genome was published in the August 11 issue of the journal Nature, marking the completion of a six-year international collaborative effort to unravel the genome of the world's most important food crop that feeds over half of the global population.     

Genomes of Mainland China SARS Viral Samples Sequenced

Scientists from the CAS BeijingGenomics Institute, in coop-eration with colleagues at theInstitute of Microbiology and Epi-demiology of the Academy of Mili-tary Medical Sciences, have ob-tained draft genome sequences fromfour samples containing the SARS-associated coronavirus from SARSpatients.All four samples of the SARS-lung tissue was taken. The fourthsample was from nasal/throat swabsof several patients with SARS inBeijing.The DNA sequences reverse-transcribed from the RNA vi…     

Chicken''s Genome Decoded

After completing the work on mapping chicken genome sequence and chicken genome variation in early March, 2004, two international research consortiums have made significant progress in reading the maps, shedding new light on the studies into the first bird as well as the first agricultural animal that has its genome sequenced and analyzed in the world.     

理性面对“基因和基因组“

面对人类基因组,我们既是客体,也是主体,这种两重性将深刻影响人类自身.伴随着人类和其他一些生物种属(如模式生物等)基因组测序和作图的初步完成,以功能基因组为中心的探索已经大规模展开.结构和功能基因组学概念的提出,促使人们在全基因组的框架下,以全新的视角研究、认识和理解基因与基因组的生物学涵义及人类学的尊严.其中,人类基因组测序被称为这个时代最具突破性的科学事件.……     

基因组的设计与工程化构建

合成生物学是利用工程化的思想来设计和构建新的生物基因组,是近年来的研究热点。近年来,对原核细胞支原体天然小基因组进行从头合成并进一步设计与构建最小基因组,对原核模式生物大肠杆菌基因组的不断删减及全基因组密码子简约化设计与人工合成测试,以及对真核模式生物酿酒酵母基因组人工设计与合成测试都取得了很大成功,极大地促进了我们对生命的理解。我国的基因组的设计与工程化构建方面的研究虽然起步较晚,但近年来取得了国际瞩目的成果。基因组的设计与构建为深入了解生命起源与进化,并为进一步构建具有强大应用功能的新型生命体奠定了基础。     

藏文自动排版技术在藏文办公软件中的实现

近几年来在我国政府和有关部委的大力支持下,藏文信息处理技术得到了空前的发展,基于国际国家标准的藏文应用软件相继研发成功.本文就围绕国内外第一款基于藏文编码字符集(基本集、扩充集A和B准)国际国家标准的中标普华藏文办公软件,重点论述了在藏文办公软件中解决藏文文本自动断行的问题和藏文自动排版技术的实现方法.     

材料基因组计划及其实施进展研究

详细综述美国材料基因组计划( MGI)提出背景及其实施方案(包括实施流程),重点总结MGI近三年来计划实施四个主要联邦机构在基础设施建设(实验工具、计算工具和电子化数据)、教育培训等方面以教育作为计划实施导入点,以“保卫国家安全、造福人类福祉和培育下一代人才资源”为宗旨,从市场需求倒叙研究材料微细观组分与性能,为军方材料基因计划顺利打通实施通道和加速材料研发进程奠定根基。     

西藏地区藏族饮食特点与胆石病的关系

目的：探讨高原环境下藏族人饮食特点与胆石病发病情况的关系。方法：对1999年1月一2002年10月在我院因患胆石病收治的藏族293例，并与同时期收治的移居汉族，37例进行比较。结果：藏族患者男女之比为1：4；汉族为1：2，且以20一40岁年龄段患此病最多。结石形态以胆固醇结石为主，占构成比的86％。结论：高原胆石病的发病率与藏族人特有的饮食结构有密切关系。     

Genome: twisting stories with DNA

In 1920, the German botanist Hans Winkler coined the concept of the ‘genome’. This paper explores the history of a concept that has developed in parallel with advances in biology and supports novel and powerful heuristic biological research in the 21st century. From a structural interpretation (the genome as the haploid number of chromosomes), it has changed to keep pace with technological progress and new interpretations of the material of heredity. In the first place, the ‘genome’ was extended to include all the material in the nucleus, then the sum of all genes, and (with the discovery of the structure of DNA) the sum of the nucleotide base sequences. In the early 21st century, it has become a much more complex and central concept that has spawned the growing field of studies referred to as the ‘omics’.     

Genome of a mosquito-killing bacterium decoded

Researchers with the CAS Wuhan Institute of Virology （WHIOV） recently completed the genome sequencing of a mosquitocidal bacterium Bacillus sphaericus C3-41. The feat, first of its kind in China, is expected to further promote the bio-control studies of mosquitoes.     

西藏气候的初步分析

西藏大部分地区气候干冷，总的来说，太阳辐射强，日照时数多；气温低，气温日较差大，年较差小；雨季和旱季分明，多夜雨和冰雹；春季干燥多大风等天气候特点。这些独特的气候主要表现在喜马拉雅山脉以北的西藏高原主体部分。此外，在利用西藏气候资源优势方面做了简要评述。     

Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research

The Tibetan Plateau (Qinghai-Xizang Plateau)is a unique geological-geographical unit on Earth, an ideal region for studies into the formation and evolution of the lithosphere and the dynamic mechanism of the earth crust. The uplifting of the Plateau exerts profound influence upon the evolution and differentiation of the natural environment of the plateau itself, its adjacent regions and the Northern Hemisphere. As a unique natural geographical unit, the Plateau holds a special status in the whole globe due to its special natural environment and ecosystems, which is also in close relation to global environmental change.The significance of the Plateau research should be recognized not only in the fundamental research fields of geo-sciences and biology, but also in its application to resource exploitation, environmental protection and sustainable development of the Plateau region.     

China Completes Draft Genome of Grass Carp

<正>The grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)is an important farmed fish,accounting for about 16%of global freshwater aquaculture and possesses a vegetarian diet.However,the lack of a complete genome sequence has made it difficult to conduct in-depth investigation on grass carp biology and breeding for better quality fish.As the first step,researchers from the CAS Institute of Hydrobiology,the CAS National Center for Gene Research,Sun Yat-Sen University and other     

附睾功能基因组研究进展

精子的成熟不是靠自身来完成 ,而是通过与附睾腔中微环境的相互作用而取得的。关于附睾这种对精子的成熟、储存和保护的作用 ,人们已取得共识 ,认为它是男性避孕药的一个靶点。我们最近在大鼠和猴附睾特异表达的新基因研究中已发现 13个全长cDNA克隆 ,其中 2个在大鼠附睾头部、4个在猴附睾头部、4个在猴附睾体部、3个在猴附睾尾部。目前正对这些新基因的功能进行研究。最近在对其中的一个新基因———大鼠Bin1b进行较多的研究后发现 ,它是一个天然抗菌肽 ,并在生育期表达最高 ,因而可能与生育有关 ,可能与精子成熟及附睾自身防御系统相关。研究结果发表在Science上。     

Whole Genome Fine Map of Rice Completed

Rice is a staple crop for more than half of the world‘s population, and it was hoped that the availability of its genome sequence might enable scientists to develop more productive and environment friendly rice strains. Furthermore, the rice genome might provide the key to understanding the genetics of other major cereal crops, as all of them have much larger genomes.     

Ozone Minihole Found over Tibetan Plateau

Through a comprehensive analysis, researchers from the CAS Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) discovered an ozone minihole, a large area with the lowest total ozone column (TOC, see figure), over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from Dec. 14 to 17, 2003.