关于高校学生学习性投入状况的调查研究——以上海W大学为例

通过对上海W大学与地方本科院校和211院校学生学习性投入情况的调查发现:W大学学生在学业挑战程度和教育经历丰富程度指标上高于地方本科院校和211院校;在主动合作学习、教师互动及校园环境支持度指标上,和地方本科院校及211院校相比,没有本质差异;而且高年级学生的表现要好于低年级学生。可见,W大学在教学中对学生的引导支持、教师对学生的严格程度以及教学方法和模式比较理想。因此,W大学应在保持其传统优势的基础上,着重调动低年级学生学习的积极性,以提高他们的学习效率。     

本科生学习性投入调查研究

本研究采用自编调查问卷的方式,以浙江师范大学的全日制本科生为研究对象,从学业 挑战度、主动合作学习水平、生师互动程度、教育经验丰富度、校园环境支持度五个维度对学生的学 习性投入状况进行测量。研究发现,主动合作学习水平存在显著的性别差异和年级差异;生师互动 程度也存在性别特征,但没有年级和科类差异;由于科类属性的不同导致学业挑战度存在着专业差 异性。     

美国NSSE项目对我国本科教育质量保障的启示

美国七项经典研究的基本观点和社会各界对学生发展质量的高度关注推动了NSSE项目的开发,并在全世界范围内形成较大规模的应用.NSSE项目可概括为学业挑战度、主动合作学习水平、生师互动频度、教育经验的丰富度和校园环境的支持度五大核心指标.其实施效用包括打破传统教育质量评价标准,评估结果推动院校诊断改进,促进政府、学校、学生"三方共赢".该项目为我国本科教育质量保障提供的启示是:营造浓厚的学术氛围,强化学生的学业挑战意识;充分发挥学校和教师的作用,培养学生主动合作学习能力;转变教育教学理念,增加生师互动频度和程度;以生为本,拓展不同学生教育经验的丰富度;优化育人环境,加大校园环境支持度.     

生师互动:提高本科教育质量的有效途径

教育作为一种社会活动,其本质就是促进个体发展的积极的生师互动.利用清华大学“中国大学生学习与发展”课题组开发的“中国大学生学习性投入”(NSSE-China)测量工具,对“985”院校和国内Z大学的“生师互动水平”(SFI)进行分析,并与美国研究型大学(RU/H)进行比较,用客观的数据直观地呈现了我国高校生师互动的现状及与美国同类高校之间的差异.结果表明,生师互动水平与学生成长发展具有正相关关系,以学生为中心的生师互动对提高本科教育质量具有重要的意义.在实践中,增进生师互动需要教师切实树立“教学相长”理念,需要学生增强自主学习能力,需要注重课堂内外的结合.     

大学生学习性投入比较研究 ——基于C大学2019年CCSS调查数据的分析

以C大学为个案,从学业挑战度、主动合作学习水平、生师互动、教育经验丰富度和校园环境支持度等五大指标,探析了其本科生学习性投入现状,并与“双一流”建设高校进行比较。研究发现,C大学本科生在五大指标上的表现均优于一流学科建设高校;而与一流大学建设高校相比,在多个指标上的表现与之相当,仅个别指标如二年级学生的生师互动和教育经验丰富度、三年级学生的主动合作学习水平等表现优于之;与其他指标相比,各高校学生的生师互动和教育经验丰富度表现普遍不佳。在具体教育环节上,C大学存在些许弱项,如一至三年级学生的阅读量、低年级学生的合作学习、高年级学生与行政管理人员的关系等。C大学应改善课程教学管理、创新课堂教学方法、落实本科生导师制、构建全方位育人体系、推进管理育人与服务育人相统一。     

不同类型本科院校学生学习过程比较研究

本研究选取教学研究型大学、教学型大学和独立学院的一、三年级本科学生为被试,对三类不同院校学生的学习过程进行比较。结果显示,同以培养本科学生为主的教学研究型大学、教学型大学和独立学院三类大学一年级学生在课堂认真学习程度、主动合作的学习水平、挑战性学习程度、师生互动水平、课外学习体验的丰富程度、校园环境的支持度六项学习过程评价指标上均存在差异显著,三年级学生在主动合作的学习水平、挑战性学习程度两项指标上没有明显差异,在课堂认真学习程度、师生互动水平、课外学习体验的丰富程度、校园环境的支持度四项指标上则存在显著差异。     

大学生学习投入水平及相关因素研究

学习投入水平是指学生在学习活动过程中的投入时间和精力水平,包含生师互动、主动 合作学习、教育经验丰富度、学业挑战度以及校园环境支持度五大指标。本研究使用CCSS#2016 问卷对中国海洋大学大学生学习投入水平进行调查。研究发现大学生学习投入水平在年级和学科上均存在显著性差异。在个人背景层面,父母不同的教育程度、不同的成长地环境和就读环境、不同的升学途径、是否担任班干部以及不同校园满意度的学生,在学习投入水平上均存在显著性差异。     

民办高校师范生学习性投入现状调查

文章采用NSSE-China2012作为调查工具,以Y民办高校四年制本科师范生中的二年级学生为调查对象,对其学习性投入现状调查后发现,民办高校师范生学习性投入五大指标间存在明显差异,其中生师互动水平最低;学科类型、是否独生子女、生源地差异影响师范生学习性投入水平;家庭经济状况、学业挑战水平、教育经历丰富度和校园环境支持度对师范生学习收获有显著影响。     

研究型大学生师互动对学业成就的影响:是否因学生背景特征而异

利用H大学“研究型大学本科生就读经历调查”数据,考察不同背景特征学生的生师互动水平,探讨生师互动对认知技能、操作及社交技能、满意度、归属感的影响是否因学生背景特征而异。统计结果表明,男生的生师互动水平显著高于女生;学生家庭收入和父母受教育程度越高,生师互动越频繁;非课程的生师互动对女生学业成就的影响显著高于男生,对低收入家庭和高收入家庭学生的影响高于中等收入家庭,对父母双方均上过大学的学生影响高于父母均未上过大学的学生和一方上过大学的学生;辅助教师进行研究对男生学业成就的影响显著高于女生,对低收入家庭和父母均未上过大学的学生的影响高于同辈。大学应依靠制度性手段提升生师互动的总体水平,采取支持性措施改善弱势学生的生师互动,增强互动情境性以提高课堂互动的质量。     

生师互动对大学生学习投入的影响:学业挑战度的中介效应

以建构主义理论、自我决定论和交往教学论为指导,探究生师互动对大学生学习投入的影响机制,结果显示:生师互动对大学生学习投入具有正向促进作用;学业挑战度在生师互动与大学生学习投入之间发挥中介作用。为提高大学生学习投入水平,促进高等教育质量提升,应积极加强生师互动水平,提高大学生学习积极性;提高学业挑战度,增强大学生学习能力;完善考核评价指标体系,促进大学生全面发展。     

Investigating self‐perceptions and resilience in Looked After Children

The perceptions of Looked After Children (LAC; n = 51), their Designated Teachers (DTs), and a sample of non‐LAC (n = 99) were elicited. LAC held more positive self‐perceptions than the non‐LAC, and similarly positive ratings were given for the LAC by their DTs; but LAC held lower career aspirations than the non‐LAC. LAC differed in their levels of resilience, in terms of the number of risk and protective factors identified for each child. Girls had more protective and fewer risk factors than boys. Moreover, a high incidence of protective factors in LAC was associated with positive self‐perceptions, and a high incidence of risk factors was associated with negative self‐perceptions. The implications of these findings for educational psychology practice are discussed.     

大学生学校适应现状调查研究

为了解大学生学校适应的现状,采用《中国大学生适应量表》对安徽省四所高校3340名学生进行调查研究,内容涵盖性别、专业、年级、来源地、学校类型五个方面的适应比较.研究显示,整体上大学生的适应水平除了在情绪适应维度上较好外,其他维度上均处于较差水平;男生除了在情绪适应和自我适应方面外,其他均显著低于女生;理工类学生的适应能力显著高于文史类学生;大学生适应状况随年级升高成倒＂V＂字型趋势;来自大城市大学生的总体适应状况处于较好水平,而其他类型来源地大学生适应状况处于较差水平;医学院校学生的适应能力处于较好水平,其次是理工院校、师范院校和农学院校.     

Second chance education matters! Income trajectories of poorly educated non-Nordics in Sweden

In this study we examine the long-term impact of second chance education (SCE) on incomes of poorly educated individuals who live in Sweden but were not born in a Nordic country, using data on income changes from 1992 to 2003 compiled by Statistics Sweden. Ordinary Least Squares regression analyses show that participation in SCE increased the work income of non-Nordics by a higher percentage than that of Nordics. The results also indicate that much of the effects of SCE on non-Nordics are related to increases in “Sweden-specific” human capital, rather than increases in their educational level per se, which seems to provide a form of ‘endowment insurance’ that improves their labour market position in Sweden. Relying on the theoretical framework of the Capability Approach, we conclude that such effects are related to the instrumental economic value of individuals’ capability to be educated, as well as the value of material well-being.     

ACL reconstruction with BPTB autograft and irradiated fresh frozen allograft

Objective: To analyze the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with irradiated bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) allograft compared with non-irradiated allograft and autograft. Methods: All BPTB allografts were obtained from a single tissue bank and the irradiated allografts were sterilized with 2.5 mrad of irradiation prior to distribution. A total of 68 patients undergoing arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were prospectively randomized consecutively into one of the two groups (autograft and irradiated allograft groups). The same surgical technique was used in all operations done by the same senior surgeon. Before surgery and at the average of 31 months of follow-up (ranging from 24 to 47 months), patients were evaluated by the same observer according to objective and subjective clinical evaluations. Results: Of these patients, 65 (autograft 33, irradiated allograft 32) were available for full evaluation. When the irradiated allograft group was compared to the autografi group at the 31-month follow-up by the Lachman test, the anterior drawer test (ADT), the pivot shift test, and KT-2000 arthrometer test, statistically significant differences were found. Most importantly, 87.8% of patients in the autograft group and just only 31.3% in the irradiated allograft group had a side-to-side difference of less than 3 mm according to KT-2000. The failure rate of the ACL reconstruction with irradiated allograft (34.4%) was higher than that with autograft (6.1%). The anterior and rotational stabilities decreased significantly in the irradiated allograft group. According to the overall International Knee Docu-mentation Committee (IKDC), functional and subjective evaluations, and activity level testing, no statistically significant dif-ferences were found between the two groups. Besides, patients in the irradiated allograft group had a shorter operation time and a longer duration of postoperative fever. When the patients had a fever, the laboratory examinations of all patients were almost normal. Blood routine was normal, the values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were 5-16 mm/h and the contents of C reactive protein (CRP) were 3-10 mg/L. Conclusion: We conclude that the short term clinical outcomes of the ACL reconstruction with irradiated BPTB allograft were adversely affected. The less than satisfactory results led the senior authors to discontinue the use of irradiated BPTB allograft in ACL surgery and not to advocate using the gamma irradiation as a secondary sterilizing method.     

高等学校《本科教育教学质量报告》透视(笔谈)

教育部拟建立全国高等学校教育教学质量年度报告发布制度,表明我国对高等教育质量的期待已从学校层面上升到了国家意志层面。2011年9月底,39所"985工程"大学首度公开发布了各自的《本科教育教学质量报告》,说明我国高教界已开始对社会期待和问责作出回应。尽管不能说各大学不重视,但它目前还没有很好地发挥信息平台、质量保障和管理监督的功能。作为创建具有中国特色的高等教育质量保障制度的重要举措,它还有待于从质量标准、报告内容和形式等方面进一步规范和完善。     

Student-Faculty Interaction: A Key to Academic Integration and Success for Ethnic Minority Students at a Major University in Southwest China

This study examines the academic performance and “engagement” of ethnic minority students at a leading university in southwest China. Results indicate that ethnic minority students have significantly lower grades, lower class ranking, and have failed more courses than majority Han students. Results also show that the level of student-faculty interaction (SFI) for ethnic minority students is significantly lower than for Han students. Study results also indicate that average scores in coursework and student ranking among their cohorts are significantly, but weakly, correlated with SFI. The study concludes that SFI may have little influence on students’ academic achievement itself, but would help students integrate into the college community, enabling a sense of belonging, which is a major factor in supporting academic success among ethnic minority students.     

Employment of College Graduates in the Era of Universalized Higher Education

The employment performance (including salaries, relevant to studies and job satisfaction) of college graduates from different school types and disciplines after the universalization of higher education in Taiwan was examined and a comparative analysis was conducted in this article. The findings were as follows: 1) "Medicine and health" and "industrial arts" were the best disciplines in terms of overall employment performance; however, "arts," "agriculture," "mass media," "physical education/other," "home economics," and "tourism services" performed poorly overall in terms of employment. 2) The graduates' employment performance in the school type of "public universities" was better than others for the most part in Taiwan; however, the graduates of "public universities" who majored in arts, agriculture, mass media, physical education/other, home economics, and tourism services did not do well in terms of their employment performance. Based on the analysis, from the viewpoint of employment, we suggested that Taiwan's colleges and universities restructure the disciplines within their institutions and we also offered some suggestions to high school graduates about how to choose higher education institutions and disciplines.     

后发高校内涵、优劣及分类初探

通过比较研究法对后发高校的内涵及其超越发展的优势与劣势进行了深入辨析,并据此对后发高校进行了初步分类研究。认为,后发高校是高等学校相对于高水平大学而言的一种状态描述;后发高校超越发展的优势和劣势不能简单地归咎于制度,而是综合影响;相对于"先发高校",后发高校由"后发—先发高校"、"后发高校"、"后发超越高校"三个类别构成。     

台湾高等教育投资与薪资所得之实证模型验证

根据人力资本理论的论述,教育投资可以累积资本存量,提高劳动生产力,增加劳动者薪资所得。然而,教育投资是否"一定"促进经济发展并提高个人薪资所得呢?台湾自1992～2001年间共增加了90多所大学院校。其中又以专科学校升格为技术学院或科技大学占大宗,共计60余所。然而,随着台湾快速扩充大学校院的同时,亦出现了平均失业率提升、向东南亚等国引进外籍劳工不断增加之现象。本研究即针对台湾高等教育扩张前期的1992年与后期的2001年两个时点,利用Mincer的"薪资所得函数"加以扩充,来解释当前台湾人力资本投资与薪资所得之间的关系。结果发现,学校教育年数与工作经验年数的增加都能提高薪资所得水准,而且在高等教育扩张后,教育程度对薪资所得之影响日益重要。此一结果显示,就台湾目前状况,不论是追求整体经济社会之经济进步,抑或追求个人薪资所得水准的提升,教育投资仍为一个有效政策,而高等教育扩张(包括技专校院)确实具有其空间。因此,1992～2001年间大幅将专科学校升格为技术学院或科技大学政策显然有其正面意义。