Reducing the effects of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: The role of libraries and information centres

HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease which kills people everywhere in the world. The purpose of this paper is to show that libraries and information centres in Nigeria can be actively used in the campaign and war against the spread of HIV/AIDS. It shows how HIV/AIDS is reducing the population of Nigeria through deaths. It highlights factors responsible for the rapid spread of the disease and shows how provision of education and information supported by library and information services can help reduce the spread of the disease. Libraries and information centres should involve audio–visual materials, and information communication technologies in educating and dissimilating relevant information to the people against HIV/AIDS in the country. The paper has discussed problems hindering effective library services to Nigerians.     

Public libraries and Nigerian cultural development

This paper has identified the ingredients of culture, especially as found in an African society such as Nigeria. It has shown the cultural missions of public libraries as enunciated in the 1995 UNESCO Public Library Manifesto. It shows the role culture in the development of a society. It has discussed some of the ways the cultures of different Nigerian ethnic groups have been negatively influenced; and the problems hindering public libraries in the country from performing their cultural functions creditably. It emphasizes that this category of libraries should be adequately supported for them to uphold, and project the good image of Nigerians through their cherished cultural activities.     

发展生态农业 促进可持续发展

分析了青海省发展生态农业的必要性,提出了实施生态农业应采取的措施。     

Customer value creation through community-based information networks

This paper point out that utilizing fully the community-based information networks based on multimedia digital networking Information Technology (IT) makes it possible to formulate a new customer value creation business model. Aggressive IT investment by top management to build community-based information networks, a support tool for this future network strategy, will permit business innovation based on strengthened competitiveness and enhanced customer service.     

The impact of machine-readable data bases on library and information services

Library and information services already feel the impact of the burgeoning development in the field of bibliographic data bases, and this effect will increase in the future. This article explores the growth, origins, technological development, and current activities of bibliographic data bases and examines the NCLIS National Program relative to these aspects. The relationships between data base function, funding, and use are set forth in a discussion of data base producers. Discussions of data formats, data elements and file structure provide the groundwork for a closer look at the methods and purposes underlying the retrospective and current awareness search capabilities of existent data bases. A review of related data base and data base center characteristics highlights the discussion of retrospective and current awareness search functions and intermediary search services. In all data base activity the prime objective of making available information easily accessible to all who need it emerges as no small task, especially in light of the realities of scattered resources and unsteady funding. Data base networking and resource sharing constitute one means to the achievement of this ideal. The greatest potential of the NCLIS National Program lies in this direction, in its ability to promote and provide a framework for the coordination of data base-related activities and research in response to national needs.     

Emergency management through information crowdsourcing

This article proposes a new framework to model a scenario in which First Responders, citizens, smart devices, or robots explore the environment in an emergency situation, i.e., after an earthquake, assessing damages and searching for people needing assistance. While moving, the agents observe events and exchange the information collected with other agents encountered: to this end, they use messaging systems purposely adapted to use point-to-point network connections to allow local data exchange between agents even when global network connections are not available. As is common in Delay Tolerant Networks, exchanged messages are locally stored: when a global network is available, the agents can upload all the information collected by themselves and other agents they encountered to a Control Room or a database in the Cloud. Differently from traditional DTN algorithms such as Epidemic and Spray&Wait, we propose a solution that keeps track of agents that shared information along the path and assess the quality of the information collected by multiple agents through a reputation-based mechanism that is safer than majority voting. A simulator compatible with OpenStreetMap is presented, as well as simulated experiments in two Italian towns to validate the feasibility of the approach.     

基于3G技术的图书馆信息服务的研究

随着通信、无线互联网技术的突飞猛进,移动终端用户数量的急剧增长,以及数字图书馆建设的加快,为图书馆开展移动信息服务创造了前提条件.3G 是近年来兴起的前沿无线通信技术,其在图书馆建设和管理方面的使用,将为图书馆移动信息服务形式和内容带来新的变化.文章分析了图书馆信息服务的现状,探讨了基于3G 网络的图书馆信息服务模式及实现策略.     

Domain analysis and information retrieval through the construction of heliocentric maps based on ISI-JCR category cocitation

We propose the use of ISI-JCR categories as units of cocitation and measurement for the construction of heliocentric maps. The use of a spatial metaphor allows us to illustrate, analyze and compare domains in terms of the categories and their interconnections or links. We can also move around within the structure of these domains for further analysis, and access the documents associated to the categories and to the links that cocite or relate them.     

Beyond codes of ethics: how library and information professionals navigate ethical dilemmas in a complex and dynamic information environment

This paper reports on a research project that investigated how library and information (LIS) professionals experience ethical dilemmas, with particular reference to the impact of new technologies, sources used to assist ethical decision-making, and the contribution case studies can make to ethical understanding and decision-making. Data was collected through interviews in Britain, Ireland and Australia with LIS professionals, educators, and representatives of professional bodies. The findings identify the main types of dilemma raised and discuss cases indicative of each type. They suggest that new technologies do not appear to change ethical principles but, when experienced in the workplace, substantially change the factors the professional has to evaluate. They also suggest that relevant codes of ethics are satisfactory on traditional library issues of access and confidentiality, but do not address the ethical challenges of current and potential digital environments. Professional associations appear more familiar with codes of ethics than practitioners although practitioners show high levels of ethical awareness, suggesting associations need to communicate more with their members and provide tools that are more useful in the workplace. Case studies are seen as a good way to educate and engage practitioners because of the complexity, conflicts and dynamism they can present.     

大连农网网站群的建设与实现

详细阐述了大连农网网站群的版面设计与架构,包括网站框架的搭建、布局和颜色风格的策划,栏目内容的设计搭配以及网站的后台管理系统,体现该系统的优越性与人性化设计,并且突出介绍了在本地化实现过程中的一系列重点问题及其解决办法。     

对我国农业科技园区农业知识产权战略的思考

农业科技园区是推进现代农业发展的有效模式。农业科技成果依托农业科技园区得到大力推广转化运用,农业科技园区实施知识产权战略是现实发展的必然选择。针对农业知识产权与园区的融合关系,文章提出从整合多方资源,以园区企业为主体的技术创新体系,打造知识产权产品品牌战略,建立完善知识产权奖惩体系等加强园区知识产权战略的对策建议。     

中职图书馆加强信息素养教育的实践研究——以柳州市交通学校图书馆为例

信息素养是信息化社会中应具备的品质,包括信息意识、信息能力和信息道德。中职学生的信息素养是信息时代必备的素质,是职业能力发展的必要条件,也是进行自主学习的关键能力。通过分析当前中职学生信息素养的问题及中职学校信息素养教育的不足,对中职学校图书馆加强信息素养教育进行实践研究。     

查新信息资源的深度挖掘及定向服务探讨

科技查新工作中能够获得丰富的信息资源,要使这些信息资源得到充分的利用,必须对其进行深度挖掘。通过对科技查新工作中形成的各类信息资源进行归类和分析,形成查新信息资源的一次文献、二次文献及三次文献,并提出了利用科技查新工作中获取的信息资源开展定向服务的设想。     

建立同步介入机制促进大学生信息素质培养

文章首先分析了当前我国高校大学生信息素质教育的现状,认为这种培养模式存在一定的局限性,并分析了其产生原因;然后指出,要建立科学的信息素质培养模式,必须根据大学生发展的阶段性特征,引入同步介入机制,并探讨了同步介入机制的具体实施方案.     

A diary study of information encountering triggered by visual stimuli on micro-blogging services

Despite various models established to present the process of information encountering (IE), little research has been done on the stimulus that plays an essential role in attracting users’ attention and eliciting the subsequent behavioral responses during an IE process. This study was particularly interested in visual stimuli which are superior to textual ones in enhancing information processing and sensory experience. A diary study of IE was conducted in the context of micro-blogging services. They demonstrate the environmental characteristics conducive to IE and are especially abundant in visual stimuli. A total of 189 valid IE incidents triggered by visual stimuli on a representative micro-blogging service were collected with an online questionnaire created based on the critical incident technique (CIT) and analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. As found in this study, most of the visual stimuli triggering IE excluded text or motion, and their comprehensibility and novelty were both perceived to be high while humorousness much lower. The encountered micro-posts covered a wide range of topics and were published by different types of micro-bloggers. When interacting with the posts, the participants sometimes just examined their visual or textual content, but sometimes further captured the posts by liking, reposting, commenting, and following, etc. The significant results indicate that the visual stimuli excluding text and those with higher comprehensibility or humorousness were more likely to induce intense approach to the micro-posts. These findings inform micro-bloggers of the means of engaging the audience in intense interactions with their posts to gain persistent profit or reputation. The combination of diaries and the CIT is effective for data collection in IE research.     

Towards mapping library and information science

In an earlier study by the authors, full-text analysis and traditional bibliometric methods were combined to map research papers published in the journal Scientometrics. The main objective was to develop appropriate techniques of full-text analysis and to improve the efficiency of the individual methods in the mapping of science. The number of papers was, however, rather limited. In the present study, we extend the quantitative linguistic part of the previous studies to a set of five journals representing the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). Almost 1000 articles and notes published in the period 2002–2004 have been selected for this exercise. The optimum solution for clustering LIS is found for six clusters. The combination of different mapping techniques, applied to the full text of scientific publications, results in a characteristic tripod pattern. Besides two clusters in bibliometrics, one cluster in information retrieval and one containing general issues, webometrics and patent studies are identified as small but emerging clusters within LIS. The study is concluded with the analysis of cluster representations by the selected journals.     

The role of big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) in understanding the challenges of service information and operations management in the sharing economy: Evidence of peer effects in libraries

Information and operations management in libraries presents a unique opportunity to provide insights for the sharing economy. Libraries correspond to a special type of sharing goods, named common-pool resources. Such resources have two characteristics: they are non-exclusive, but rival to each other. Service operations in libraries involve thousands of operations every year, making them a perfect context for the use of big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) to provide real-world evidence on the potential existing challenges in the sharing economy. Employing a novel dataset related to 723,798 library transactions, made by 16,232 individual users during a 10-year period (2006–2015), we estimate peer effects among users via regression analysis, considering the number of books each user borrows. Our main results suggest that a rise in the number of loans among a user’s peer group correlates with her own loans, an evidence of positive peer effects. However, a closer look at the data suggests a high degree of heterogeneity, in terms of behavioral patterns. First, we suggest that peer effects do not occur in the case of users who are not subject to monetary fines. Second, peer effects vary according to users’ category (student or non-student), and area of study (management, accounting, economics, and other courses). Third, there is evidence of different magnitudes of peer effects according to time in school, which suggests the existence of learning effects in a library setting. The results reported in this paper highlight the important role of big data analytics capabilities to uncover new challenges of the sharing economy, having important implications, both in theoretical and practical terms.     

Dreams and realities: The international dimension of the 1991 white house conference on library and information services

Using longitudinal time-series data, this article analyzes the causes of the recent sharp increase in household expenditure on telecommunications in South Korea with an almost ideal demand system (AIDS) model. The analysis shows that the Korean household demand for telecommunications has become highly price elastic following structural changes associated with the rapid diffusion of mobile phones and the Internet during 1998–2008. Following these structural changes, telecommunications services have become complements for transportation, books and printed matter, and culture and recreation services, but substitutes for culture and recreation durable goods. Consequently, one important reason for the increase in the expenditure on telecommunications in Korea is the migration of many services from offline to online by means of telecommunications.     

基于文献类型矫正影响因子在信息科学与图书馆学期刊中的实证分析

【目的】基于不同文献类型,对信息科学与图书馆学期刊的5年影响因子（5IF）进行矫正,以期明确基于文献类型矫正影响因子在信息科学与图书馆学期刊中的应用价值。 【方法】 以SSCI信息科学与图书馆学30种期刊为研究对象,在分析文献类型的基础上,提出5种矫正5IF,传统5IF也由计算获得;将各刊的传统5IF、矫正5IF与总被引频次、2年影响因子、特征因子、SJR值、SNIP值做Spearman相关性分析。【结果】 各矫正5IF与传统5IF在期刊评价中有较强的一致性,各矫正5IF之间也有强相关性;传统5IF和各矫正5IF与期刊其他各评价指标间均呈显著正相关,且相关系数差异很小。【结论】基于文献类型矫正影响因子的方法不建议应用于信息科学与图书馆学期刊。     

Investigation of behavior and perception of digital library users: A cognitive style perspective

Cognitive style is an influential factor in users’ information seeking. The study presented in this paper examines how users’ cognitive styles affect their behavior and perception in digital libraries. Fifty participants took part in this study. Two dimensions of cognitive styles were considered: (a) Field Dependence/Independence; (2) Verbalizer/Imager. The results showed that Intermediate users and Verbalizers have not only more positive perception, but they also complete the tasks in effective ways. Implications for the design of personalized digital libraries are also discussed.