动态管理能力与企业创新绩效的关系研究—商业模式设计的中介作用

以往多侧重于从企业层面出发研究动态能力与企业创新绩效的关系,少于基于个人层面研究两者间的关系,即高层管理团队中管理者个人特性形成的动态管理能力对企业创新绩效的作用,且相关中介要素也尚未明晰。基于动态能力观和商业模式理论,以新创高新技术企业高层管理团队作为调研对象,通过问卷调研深入分析了动态管理能力与企业创新绩效的关系,在此基础上发现了商业模式设计的中介作用。实证研究结果表明：动态管理能力对企业的创新绩效具有显著积极作用；商业模式设计对企业的创新绩效具有显著积极作用；动态管理能力可通过商业模式设计间接影响创新绩效,商业模式设计在动态管理能力与企业创新绩效间存在部分中介作用。     

Implications of managerial control on performance of Dutch academic (bio)medical and health research groups

Our paper examines the relationship between managerial control and research performance of academic groups. An understanding of the determinants of research performance is a prerequisite for designing effective micro- and macro-research policies. The paper focuses on Dutch medical and health research groups. Our paper addresses the following question: do (certain) research management activities enhance the performance of academic groups? A quantitative approach was used to gather data from research leaders in 160 groups. Correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis show that several aspects of research management have a positive relationship with research performance. Furthermore, this study reveals that managerial choices of Dutch (bio)medical and health research leaders give rise to differences in performances measures. Additionally the disciplinary setting is found to have an impact on relationships between managerial control and performance. The paper concludes by giving suggestions for further research as well as considering possible implications for research policy.     

基于结构方程模型的企业业务流程外包绩效评价研究

主要是对企业业务外包绩效进行定量的评价;目前关于企业业务流程外包绩效评价的研究方法有层次分析法、数据包络分析、模糊聚类分析法等,而将结构方程模型应用于企业业务流程外包绩效的评价却很少见,因此采用结构方程模型的方法对企业业务外包绩效进行研究;最后,在结构方程模型的实证研究结果下,构建了业务外包绩效评价模型,并且通过案例说明了该评价模型的使用方法,模型不但能对企业业务外包绩效进行定量的评价,而且为发包方提高企业的绩效提供了理论依据。     

经理管理防御测度指标筛选研究

基于经理管理防御的现有研究成果,选择经理管理防御的行为表现作为表征指标,影响因素作为预测指标,依据预测指标与表征指标的相关性对预测指标进行筛选。从经理人自身因素、内部治理结构及外部市场环境三个方面初步选取23个预测指标作为测度经理管理防御的初始指标,以321家A股上市公司2010~2014年的面板数据为样本,根据数据的不同特征分别采用正态分布检验、两个独立样本及K个独立样本的非参数检验、独立样本T检验、方差分析、Pearson及Spearman相关性分析方法对初始指标进行筛选,最终将筛选出的21个指标纳入经理管理防御的测度指标体系中,并指出其中的14个指标应在构建经理管理防御测度指标体系时优先考虑。     

基于行为证据推理的企业研发人员绩效测量方法研究

由于研发人员工作内容的复杂和产出的不确定,如何对其绩效进行科学、准确的测量和管理一直以来困扰着研发管理者。较之于社会标签、工作结果等表层绩效信息,对研发人员日常工作行为的分析研究可以帮助我们更好的理解其深层次绩效特征,进而开展有针对性的绩效管理。因此本文提出了一种基于行为证据推理的研发人员绩效测量方法。这一方法首先确定与研发人员绩效相关的行为证据,进而采集行为数据并利用证据推理规则构建起研发人员“行为-绩效”间的推理关系,进而根据推理结果对研发人员绩效表现进行预测和管理。通过实证研究,上述方法可以有效判断个体研发人员的绩效水平,并帮助研发管理者开展有针对性的绩效反馈、提升。     

技术客户导向、组织文化与企业绩效:基于组织关注的视角

从"组织关注"理论视角出发,分析探索技术客户导向、组织文化及企业绩效间的关系,揭示转型经济环境下的企业是否能够同时追求两种战略导向,以及构建什么样的文化机制可以促进两种战略导向对绩效改善的影响作用。运用中国209家制造企业数据实证检验了战略导向、组织文化以及企业绩效间的关系作用。实证结果表明,单一的技术导向或客户导向能够促进企业绩效提升;同时追求技术客户导向不利于企业绩效的提升,但是组织文化可以作为一种管理机制有效改善技术客户导向对绩效提升的不利影响。     

Assessing basic research: Some partial indicators of scientific progress in radio astronomy

As the costs of certain types of scientific research have escalated and as growth rates in overall national science budgets have declined, so the need for an explicit science policy has grown more urgent. In order to establish priorities between research groups competing for scarce funds, one of the most important pieces of information needed by science policy-makers is an assessment of those groups' recent scientific performance. This paper suggests a method for evaluating that performance.After reviewing the literature on scientific assessment, we argue that, while there are no simple measures of the contributions to scientific knowledge made by scientists, there are a number of ‘partial indicators’ — that is, variables determined partly by the magnitude of the particular contributions, and partly by ‘other factors’. If the partial indicators are to yield reliable results, then the influence of these ‘other factors’ must be minimised. This is the aim of the method of ‘converging partial indicators’ proposed in this paper. We argue that the method overcomes many of the problems encountered in previous work on scientific assessment by incorporating the following elements: (1) the indicators are applied to research groups rather than individual scientists; (2) the indicators based on citations are seen as reflecting the impact, rather than the quality or importance, of the research work; (3) a range of indicators are employed, each of which focusses on different aspects of a group's performance; (4) the indicators are applied to matched groups, comparing ‘like’ with ‘like’ as far as possible; (5) because of the imperfect or partial nature of the indicators, only in those cases where they yield convergent results can it be assumed that the influence of the ‘other factors’ has been kept relatively small (i.e. the matching of the groups has been largely successful), and that the indicators therefore provide a reasonably reliable estimate of the contribution to scientific progress made by different research groups.In an empirical study of four radio astronomy observatories, the method of converging partial indicators is tested, and several of the indicators (publications per researcher, citations per paper, numbers of highly cited papers, and peer evaluation) are found to give fairly consistent results. The results are of relevance to two questions: (a) can basic research be assessed? (b) more specifically, can significant differences in the research performance of radio astronomy centres be identified? We would maintain that the evidence presented in this paper is sufficient to justify a positive answer to both these questions, and hence to show that the method of converging partial indicators can yield information useful to science policy-makers.     

绿色产品创新对组织绩效和组织竞争力的影响——管理者对环境关注的调节作用

研究建立概念模型,通过问卷调查的329份有效问卷,运用层次回归分析,研究绿色产品创新、组织绩效和组织竞争力之间的相互关系,并分析管理者对环境的关注在相互关系中的调节作用。实证研究结果表明:绿色产品创新对组织绩效和组织竞争力有积极作用,管理者对环境的关注在绿色产品创新与组织绩效、组织竞争力关系中分别起正向调节作用。     

Stochastic error simulation method of fiber optic gyros based on performance indicators

Gyro simulation is an important process of inertial navigation theory research, with the major difficulty being the stochastic error modeling. One commonly used stochastic model for a fiber optic gyro (FOG) is a Gaussian white (GW) noise plus a first order Markov process. The model parameters are usually obtained by using time series analysis methods or the Allan variance method through FOG static experiment. However, in a real life situation, a FOG may not be used. In this paper, a simulation method is proposed for estimating the stochastic errors of FOG. When using this method, the model parameters are set based on performance indicators, which are chosen as the angle random walk (ARW) and bias stability. During the research, the ARW and bias stability indicators of the GW noise and the first order Markov process are analyzed separately. Their analytical expressions are derived to reveal the relation between the model parameters and performance indicators. In order to verify the theory, a large number of simulations were carried out. The results show that the statistical performance indicators of the simulated signals are consistent with the theory. Furthermore, a simulation of a VG951 FOG is designed in this research. The Allan variance curve of the simulated signal is in agreement with the real one.     

管理教练功能的多维结构及对员工绩效和工作满意度的影响研究

通过问卷调查,发现管理教练功能包括四个维度:自我意识启发、心理支持、职业发展和角色规范。在此基础上进一步研究发现管理教练功能对员工的任务绩效、情境绩效和工作满意度均能够产生正向影响。研究结果表明了开展管理教练活动的必要性。     

Managers’ cognitive capabilities and perception of market research usefulness

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between three theoretical constructs developed in the course of the study measuring: (a) managers' memory capacity, (b) information processing, as a part of general system of cognitive capabilities, and (c) their perception of market research usefulness. In particular, we diagnose managers' natural limitations associated with cognition which determine their capabilities to deal with the market research information storage and retrieval as well as research information processing. With this intention and theoretical assumption, we designed and implemented a two-phase process of research. In the first phase, based on the literature review; face-to-face in-depth interviews and a pilot study (a pretest) we developed measurement models for the proposed theoretical constructs. Next, we conducted quantitative research among 213 highly experienced managers working in multinational companies in a European country (Poland), where the sample included individuals who were responsible for planning strategic and tactical marketing activities. Based on the structural equation modeling as the analytical strategy, the empirical research results revealed that managers in business organizations due to limited cognitive capabilities such as lower-than-average memory capacity and poor information processing, develop wrong perceptions of the usefulness of market research. Managers, when faced with difficulties regarding information storage and retrieval, as well as information processing, react negatively towards that research. Finally, we explained the reasons as to why managers in companies perceive market research in a negative light, as well as presented the most important theoretical and managerial implications.     

Improving high-tech enterprise innovation in big data environment: A combinative view of internal and external governance

The emergence of big data brings both opportunities and challenges to high-tech enterprises. How to keep competitive advantages and improve innovation performance is important for enterprises in big data environment. Except from organizational learning ability and the use of advanced technology, the corporate governance also plays an important role in the process of enterprise’s innovation practice. This article creatively combines with the insights of internal and external governance, and explores how the managerial power and network centrality affects enterprise’s innovation performance in big data environment. Considering about the differences among distinct regional big data environment (strong/weak), this paper also takes classification research on it. The research findings show that managerial power has a significant positive impact on innovation performance, managerial power could enhance enterprise’s centrality in network, and the enterprise which located in network central position has more advantages in obtaining resources and significantly improves firm’s innovation performance. Network centrality plays a mediating role on managerial power and innovation performance. Further research finds that the positive effects of managerial power and network centrality are more significantly in the strong big data environment. These findings enrich the research of high-tech enterprise innovation from a combinative governance view, and contribute to the literatures on enterprise innovation in big data environment.     

Universities and industrially relevant science: Towards measurement models and indicators of entrepreneurial orientation

Which university departments engaged in industrially relevant science are likely candidates to become entrepreneurial? At present, there are neither measurement models nor leading indicators that can answer such questions at an international comparative level. This paper introduces concepts, theory, and a measurement model for identifying (the early stages of) a university's enterpreneurial orientation within a quantitative analytical framework. This approach focuses specifically on university–industry interactions, in which the connectivity between academic science and industrial research is captured and measured empirically in terms of (1) public–private co-authored research articles, and (2) references (‘citations’) within corporate research articles to university research articles.The paper examines a range of country-level and institutional determinants of industrially relevant science, across 18 research areas of significant industrial interest, and at two different levels of analysis: research systems of OECD countries, and large sets of research universities within those countries. The results of these large-scale analyses, along with those of a case study dealing with European universities active in the field of immunology research, suggest that many structural factors determine university–industry interactions and (the potential for) entrepreneurial orientation. The two connectivity indicators appear to be of minor significance compared to a university's country of location and the magnitude of its research activities in industrially relevant fields of science.     

The use of bibliometric data for the measurement of university research performance

In this paper we present the results of a study on the potentialities of “bibliometric” (publication and citation) data as tools for university research policy. In this study bibliometric indicators were calculated for all research groups in the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Leiden. Bibliometric results were discussed with a number of researchers from the two faculties involved.Our main conclusion is that the use of bibliometric data for evaluation purposes carries a number of problems, both with respect to data collection and handling, and with respect to the interpretation of bibliometric results. However, most of these problems can be overcome. When used properly, bibliometric indicators can provide a “monitoring device” for university research-management and science policy. They enable research policy-makers to ask relevant questions of researchers on their scientific performance, in order to find explanations of the bibliometric results in terms of factors relevant to policy.     

How community interactions contribute to harmonious community relationships and customers’ identification in online brand community

As a proxy for the vitality of online brand community, effective interaction has always been viewed as a prerequisite for the formation of harmonious organization atmosphere and high degree of organizational identity. To investigate the process, this study proposes a model delineates the relationship among community interactions, harmonious community relationships, and customers’ community identification. The findings, based on 665 valid samples, reveal that different community interactions (product-information, human-computer, and interpersonal) have different effects on harmonious community relationships (customer-brand and customer-other customers’ relationships), which in turn influences customers’ identification with community. Furthermore, these community interactions have an interactive effect on harmonious community relationships. Based on the analytical results, this study concludes with some managerial and research implications.     

管理层持股与公司绩效:来自深圳股票市场的经验证据

本文在现有理论和实证分析框架基础上,以在深圳证券交易所上市的331家公司为研究对象,运用非线性回归模型对上市公司管理层持股与经营绩效的相关性进行了实证检验。实证结果表明公司绩效与管理层持股之间存在三次曲线关系:管理层持股在0%—0.1376%之间时,公司绩效随管理层持股比例的增加而下降;管理层持股在0.1376%—0.7462%之间时,公司绩效随管理层持股比例的增加而上升;管理层持股超过0.7462%时,公司绩效再次随着管理层持股比例的增加而下降。     

An assessment model for virtual communities of practice: a study in the oil and gas industry

This paper proposes a model to assess the level of maturity in Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoPs). The model is based on a theoretical construction attained from the analysis of previous frameworks proposed in literature. Using this construction, we have proposed eight main organizational, managerial and technological levers to improve the performance of VCoPs. Additionally, the model presents the analysis of four performance metrics obtained from these VCoP management levers. The model presented can be used as a benchmarking tool for analysing how companies perform in their management of VCoPs. After developing the model, we applied it to a benchmarking study of four global oil and gas companies. Our results include a performance comparison among these companies as well as the main practices and technologies they use to achieve success in the management of VCoP.     

科学研究的规模经济悖论与多维绩效分析

针对研究生大规模扩招和中美贸易战引发社会各界对中国“科技水平低下”和“科技成果无用”的批判与争论,运用OECD国家数据对比后提炼出科学研究的规模经济悖论这一具有中国特色的重要问题,基于创新价值链和科学研究的典型特征提出了一个理论框架。然后,分别从微观、中观和宏观上全面梳理科技人才与创新绩效、经济绩效、社会绩效和国际绩效的多维研究成果,并提出了相应的研究命题。鉴于现有研究存在对人才异质性和结构性挖掘不深、隐性绩效关注不够、成果和主体差异性考虑不全面、作用机制和边界条件不清晰四个方面的不足,未来研究要强化微观层面的研究、丰富隐性绩效指标、开展多类型多层次多制度的交叉研究以及分层分类辨析科技投入产出指标间的作用机制和边界条件。不考虑成果类型和绩效结构等因素,仅凭经济绩效指标批评中国“科技水平低下”和“科技成果无用”是不科学的。     

Exploring a typology of technology-intensive firms: when is a rose a great rose?

Previous research has contributed to our understanding of technology-intensive firms by proposing alternative typologies or classifications of these firms. This study explores the Koberg typology that characterizes firms by growth stage and production technology into four types of organizations: Embryonic, Start-up, Growth, and Mature Multiline. We propose that, consistent with the typology, firms in each type will differ in strategy, structure, practices, and leadership and that performance is contingent on the fit between organizational factors and typology type. In a study of 377 technology-intensive firms, we find support for differences among organizations in organizational variables by typology type. The characteristics of the organizations as well as the typology are significant in explaining organizational performance. However, except for organizational structure, the firm characteristics that are related to performance do not significantly vary by type. The results are discussed in the context of theory development and managerial implications.     

政府门户网站“在线办事”绩效评估指标体系构造研究

政府门户网站绩效的产生源于政府、公众和门户技术等两两维度的互动。本文基于网站信息架构方法、网站可用性和用户交互体验的视角,提出了一个政府门户网站"在线办事"服务绩效产生机理分析框架,在此基础上,引入绩效维度及其绩效特征分析方法,研究构造了一个规范化的政府门户网站"在线办事"绩效评估指标体系,并给出指标绩效统一评分基准设计方法和三种评分等级规则。