企业联盟中IT整合能力对IT关系能力的影响

本文结合我国的企业联盟实践和相关理论,提出了IT能力的概念,并运用实证方法验证了IT整合能力对IT关系能力的影响。结构方程模型的结果表明,在IT整合能力中,IT集成能力正向影响IT管理能力;在IT关系能力中,IT与业务关系正向影响外部IT联系;且IT整合能力对IT关系能力具有正向影响,IT集成能力通过IT管理能力的部分中介作用正向影响IT关系能力;IT管理能力通过IT与业务关系的部分中介作用正向影响外部IT联系。该研究不仅为基于联盟的IT能力提供了理论基础,也对企业经理管理联盟中的IT活动具有一定的参考价值。     

Dependency-based IT Governance practices in inter-organisational collaborations: A graph-driven elaboration

In an ever more globalised world IT (Information Technology) managers increasingly have to support value creation within inter-organisational collaboration settings. Such organisational forms with their inherent complexity require specific approaches for their IT management within. Especially important for unleashing the chances of networked arrangements is the right form of IT Governance. Choosing the right arrangement for IT Governance is heavily dependent on understanding the concepts on which such business constellations are built. In this paper we provide therefore first a systematically derived, graph-based perspective on the key terms of inter-organisational collaboration. Based on this understanding of concepts and structured representations of inter-organisational dependencies we present interorganisational governance practices for IT. Specifically, we assign accountabilities to top executive roles from both IT and business. By keeping a holistic perspective, the insights gained in this study are highly relevant for strategic information management in terms of Business-IT Alignment as well as monitoring and controlling of inter-organisational information infrastructures in a rapidly changing business environment.     

Decision execution mechanisms of IT governance: The CRM case

Employing the literature on IT governance and the structuration theory of technology assimilation, this research develops a conceptual model to examine decision execution mechanisms of IT governance in post-adoption stages of CRM diffusion, i.e. CRM use, impacts on business processes, and impacts on firm performance. While the literature mainly addresses the forms and contingencies of IT governance structures for decision making, we focus on IT governance mechanisms for decision execution, that is, the role of top management, business managers and IT managers in post-adoption stages of technology diffusion and how these groups are held accountable for their role. We conceptualize decision execution mechanisms of IT governance as including two dimensions: vertical advocacy from top management and horizontal coordination between business and IT managers. Decision execution mechanisms are assumed to facilitate CRM use and value creation. We analyze a dataset of 82 Chinese firms to examine the model and associated hypotheses. Our results show that: (1) decision execution mechanisms, including both vertical advocacy and horizontal coordination, significantly contribute to the three stages of CRM diffusion; (2) vertical advocacy has a notably greater effect on CRM use and firm performance gains than horizontal coordination, which has a greater effect on process gains. (3) CRM use creates operational and strategic benefits in customer-oriented business processes, which further improves firm performance. These findings have important implications for understanding how IT governance shapes the diffusion of CRM technology.     

Examining the Relationship between Social Media Analytics Practices and Business Performance in the Indian Retail and IT Industries: The Mediation Role of Customer Engagement

Social media analytics (SMA) is a dynamic field which has received considerable attention from both academics and management practitioners alike. A significant number of the scholarly research currently being conducted in SMA, however, is conceptual. Industry experts know that SMA creates new opportunities for organisations who want to more strongly engage with their customers and improve business performance. However, the relationship between social media analytic practices (SMAP), customer engagement (CE), and business performance (BP) has not yet been sufficiently investigated from an empirical perspective. In order to gain a better understanding of the relationship between SMAP and BP and the mediation role of CE in that process, a large-scale survey was conducted among senior and mid-level managers as well as consultants in the Retail and information technology (IT) industries in India. Specifically, a structured closed-ended questionnaire was administered to managers and management consultants country-wide and gathered usable responses from 281 respondents holding positions such as: Digital Marketing Executive/Digital Marketing Specialist, Management Consultant, Analytics Manager, Customer Relationship Manager, Marketing Director, Engagement Manager, etc. who were in charge of digital marketing strategies in the respondent retail and IT organisations. The questionnaire addressed issues related to the way in which SMAP contribute to an enhanced business performance through the mediation role of customer engagement. Structural Equation Modelling was employed to analyse the received empirical data. On the basis of the findings our research concludes that there is a significant positive relationship between SMAP and BP mediated by CE in the Indian retail and IT industries.     

Information security management needs more holistic approach: A literature review

Information technology has dramatically increased online business opportunities; however these opportunities have also created serious risks in relation to information security. Previously, information security issues were studied in a technological context, but growing security needs have extended researchers' attention to explore the management role in information security management. Various studies have explored different management roles and activities, but none has given a comprehensive picture of these roles and activities to manage information security effectively. So it is necessary to accumulate knowledge about various managerial roles and activities from literature to enable managers to adopt these for a more holistic approach to information security management. In this paper, using a systematic literature review approach, we synthesised literature related to management's roles in information security to explore specific managerial activities to enhance information security management. We found that numerous activities of management, particularly development and execution of information security policy, awareness, compliance training, development of effective enterprise information architecture, IT infrastructure management, business and IT alignment and human resources management, had a significant impact on the quality of management of information security. Thus, this research makes a novel contribution by arguing that a more holistic approach to information security is needed and we suggest the ways in which managers can play an effective role in information security. This research also opens up many new avenues for further research in this area.     

Mediation effect of business process and supply chain management capabilities on the impact of IT on firm performance: Evidence from Chinese firms

Motivated by the seeming presence of the productivity paradox in China, this research revisits the question of how information technology (IT) affects firm performance. Leveraging the process-based view of IT, we establish a theoretical framework for the mediation factors for the relationship between IT capabilities and performance. Based on a survey of 127 companies in China, we find that a firm's management capabilities to manage both its internal and external business processes fully mediate the impact of IT on firm performance. The two management capabilities in this study are business-process management capability and supply-chain management capability. Our results show that only the coherent integration of IT capability with firm’s ability to optimize business processes and to improve management of supply chains can enhance firm performance. Firms should avoid the fallacy that IT investments are solely responsible for better firm performance. Based on our findings, we discuss the implications for research and practice.     

Information management: A challenge for business education

The paper argues that too much of the focus of attempts to integrate IT into the business curriculum has been on either the acquisition of IT skills or on attempts to use IT to support the teaching process. Whilst accepting that these are necessary developments, it is argued that more attention needs to be placed on the meaning of information. This argument is developed through a review of the potential impacts of IT on the role of the manager. From this review it is argued that more emphasis is needed on embedding information management in the curriculum and that a fundamental underpinning for this is the notion of information literacy. A number of areas for further research and development are outlined.     

企业社会责任嵌入商业模式创新机理研究

如何实现可持续商业模式创新一直是理论和实践的双重难题，企业社会责任嵌入商业模式创新被认为是一条可行路径。但现有研究对“企业社会责任是如何嵌入以及怎样影响商业模式创新的”等问题仍然知之甚少。本研究通过对万达集团文旅业务的纵向案例分析，揭示了企业社会责任嵌入商业模式创新的机理。首先，企业社会责任嵌入是一个“从边缘议题到核心议题、从传统慈善观到创造共享价值理念”的过程；其次，本文揭示了企业社会责任嵌入、企业生存危机和商业模式创新之间的复杂机理。商业模式创新伊始并不必然需要企业社会责任介入，但会激发企业社会责任萌芽，为企业社会责任嵌入提供必要前提。企业生存危机是企业社会责任嵌入商业模式创新的触发器；最后，本文回答了企业社会责任嵌入对商业模式创新的影响。企业社会责任嵌入提高了商业模式的稳健性，是企业在企业生存危机下重塑商业模式的重要途径。研究发现解释了企业社会责任嵌入的内涵，揭示了企业社会责任嵌入商业模式创新的过程黑箱，回答了企业社会责任与商业模式创新相互循环促进的复杂嵌入机理，为相关研究议题提供了结构性理论假设，有助于更多企业通过企业社会责任嵌入实现可持续商业模式创新。     

Implementation and impacts of IT Service Management in the IT function

In recent years, organizations have made significant IT investments, including digital transformation programs, with the aim of enhancing the quality and delivery of services, and creating greater value for stakeholders. However, deriving value from IT investments and digital transformation necessitates, among other factors, a solid mastery of the IT function. In light of this, IT Service Management (ITSM) has emerged as a crucial and widely implemented approach to managing an organization's IT function, with the goal of achieving both operational and strategic benefits. Yet, despite its wide adoption, this approach has been undertheorized by academics, and there is limited understanding of the impacts that ITSM can generate for organizations as well as the mechanisms through which these impacts are achieved. In order to address this problem, this paper performs a systematic literature review examining research published on ITSM between 2012 and 2021 in order to understand what has occurred rather than what could or should be expected. Based on the findings, the paper advances that ITSM should be considered a Management Control System that includes a variety of control practices to achieve greater performance, transparency, and customer-focus within the IT function. It is also argued that these outcomes in turn increase client satisfaction and business/IT alignment. A model of the organizational impacts of ITSM is developed and ITSM is suggested as a subject for further, richer research into IS controls.     

关于IT外包研究的文献综述

IT外包是客户从服务商处得到部分及全部IT资源的一种商业运行模式。对近年来国内外学术文献进行了回顾,发现此方向上主要有外包的动因、外包模式、外包决策和外包风险等研究主题。现有文献在外包流程管理、外包风险控制、外包商的能力评价以及外包交易机制等方面的研究尚有不足。针对中国情境的实证研究和理论解释更为欠缺。     

An empirical study on business analytics affordances enhancing the management of cloud computing data security

The mechanism of business analytics affordances enhancing the management of cloud computing data security is a key antecedent in improving cloud computing security. Based on information value chain theory and IT affordances theory, a research model is built to investigate the underlying mechanism of business analytics affordances enhancing the management of cloud computing data security. The model includes business analytics affordances, decision-making affordances of cloud computing data security, decision-making rationality of cloud computing data security, and the management of cloud computing data security. Simultaneously, the model considers the role of data-driven culture and IT business process integration. It is empirically tested using data collected from 316 enterprises by Partial Least Squares-based structural equation model. Without data-driven culture and IT business process integration, the results suggest that there is a process from business analytics affordances to decision-making affordances of cloud computing data security, decision-making rationality of cloud computing data security, and to the management of cloud computing data security. Moreover, Data-driven culture and IT business process integration have a positive mediation effect on the relationship between business analytics affordances and decision-making affordances of cloud computing data security. The conclusions in this study provide useful references for the enterprise to strengthen the management of cloud computing data security using business analytics.     

IT专业技术人员的有效管理研究

IT专业技术人员作为一个特殊的群体，对其科学管理是企业面临的一个巨大挑战。通过分析得出了IT专业技术人员具有七个特点，并根据其特点提出了管理IT专业技术人员的七条建议。     

管理信息系统中自适应导航模型的构建

管理信息系统是以管理人员为主导,帮助企业实现信息化的重要工具和手段。然而,现有的管理信息系统的相关研究缺乏对管理人员自身需求与特质的研究。研究旨在构建符合管理人员认知需求与认知偏好的,管理人员所喜爱的管理信息系统。本文立足于传统的Web系统的相关研究,以管理人员的任务目标和自身的基础属性与特征属性为关联因素,构建了管理信息系统自适应导航模型,提出了从底层数据到静态关联信息集,最终到动态信息集的构建思路。管理信息系统自适应导航模型的构建以管理人员信息需求为中心,首先以岗位职责、信息需求、业务活动等要素为任务导向构建静态模型,其次以管理人员自身特质和偏好关联动态模型,最终构建出符合企业自身实际情况,满足管理人员信息需求和认知偏好的信息系统自适应导航模型。     

项目组合管理对新产品开发绩效的影响:高管参与的中介效应

基于组织信息加工理论,以高管参与为中介变量,以技术动荡性为调节变量,构建项目组合管理实践对新产品开发绩效的影响关系模型。对来自不同行业的169位项目经理和公司高管开展实证研究发现,项目组合管理实践对新产品开发绩效有间接的正向促进作用;高管参与在项目组合管理实践与新产品开发绩效间发挥完全中介作用。技术动荡对项目组合管理实践与新产品开发绩效关系有负向调节作用,低技术动荡条件下,项目组合管理实践对新产品开发绩效有显著的直接影响,高管参与的中介效应不明显。     

Achieving top management support with business knowledge and role of IT/IS personnel

The business-IT gap is still present in many companies and IT/IS professionals often impute the responsibility for this to management and claim they lack top management's support for their initiatives. The aim of this paper is to show how IT/IS personnel can achieve top management support. Based on more than 50 in-depth interviews with CIOs and CEOs in the last 10 years we hypothesize that top management support can be attained with the business and managerial knowledge and skills of IT/IS personnel as well as with the business-oriented role of the IT/IS department. The impact was empirically tested via structural equation modeling (SEM) using data from 152 Slovenian companies with more than 50 employees. Based on findings some implications for top managers and IT/IS professionals are given, especially for CIOs, on how IT/IS personnel can contribute to bridging the gap.     

Patterns of co-alignment in information-intensive organizations: business performance through integration strategies

Information technology (IT) has transformed business practices in the last several decades: operations, product strategies, distribution, and customer service have become increasingly dependent on IT. Moreover, IT has changed its orientation from that of pure operational utility in the 1960s and 1970s to that of a competitive weapon in the 1990s and today. These phenomena have affected the way modern organizations are managed, as well as the way IT affects the strategic activities of an organization's value-chain.In particular, aligning an organization's business and IT strategies in order to deliver higher business performance presupposes a strategic business opportunity to which information systems technology is integral. In other words, Strategic Alignment between business and IT can have a positive business impact only if we see an organization's IT components as parts of a well-integrated organizational system. If business strategy is viewed separately from IT strategy or IT strategy is viewed only as a “support” tool, then there is little likelihood that the above positive impact of strategic alignment can take place.This research suggests, develops and tests a strategic co-alignment model by examining three types of integration that impact the planning process and the overall performance of information-intensive organizations: technological integration (TI), functional integration and strategic integration (SI).The results of this research yield some useful set of guidelines for theory building for IS, as well as for the business practice aspect of IS: most interesting is the role of consistency (co-alignment) between an organization's business and strategic information systems plans to improve overall firm performance. Other recommendations include having a high degree of involvement of IS executives in corporate planning, the use of outsourcing services to promote organizational systems integration, and the importance of internal coordination mechanisms to facilitate both systems consistency and lower transaction costs. Finally, this study has employed cluster analysis and discriminant analysis to interpret the research findings.     

信息技术赋能创业:IT 能力对创业绩效的影响

大数据、人工智能等新一代信息技术正不断渗透和改变着创业行为和结果,为新创企业发展带来机遇与挑战。目前,企业的信息技术能力对创业活动的影响研究仍处于探索阶段。本文基于创业机会理论与资源依赖理论,考察IT能力对创业绩效的影响机制,探讨创业机会识别与开发的中介作用以及数字化业务强度的调节作用。实证分析发现：IT设施运用能力、IT业务跨越能力和IT前瞻性立场等三种IT能力均有助于提升创业绩效;创业机会识别与开发在3种IT能力与创业绩效间扮演中介角色;数字化业务强度在IT能力和创业机会识别与开发间发挥正向调节作用,并进一步调节创业机会识别与开发在3种IT能力与创业绩效间的中介作用,即：数字化业务强度越高,创业机会识别与开发的中介效应越显著。本研究丰富了信息技术赋能创业的研究内容,有助于推进信息技术在创业理论与实践中的运用。     

Issues in the management of embedded knowledge in project-based organizations: the project actor’s role

Knowledge management (KM) in project-based organizations has received substantial attention in recent years, as knowledge processes are insufficiently supported within the organization as a whole. This study specifically focuses on the project actor’s role in managing knowledge. From an actor’s perspective, the problems raised by knowledge embeddedness are identified as a key issue to link project knowledge and organizational knowledge. A conceptual framework is developed that addresses three different aspects of knowledge embeddedness: a relational dimension, a temporal dimension and a structural dimension. Three cases are studied, covering varying forms of organizations in different areas (a consulting firm, an R&D department and an industrial business unit). The results concerning the relational dimension indicate that project actors re-build the network of relationships supporting knowledge. Regarding the temporal dimension, and specifically in their professional field, actors frame professional knowledge related to their project experience. However, actors fail to surmount the problems raised by the structural dimension of knowledge embeddedness. The resulting recommendations for KM concern both Human Resource Management practices and organizational design.     

网络嵌入性对商业模式创新的影响机制研究

研究整合企业网络视角和商业模式创新视角,探讨了网络嵌入性对商业模式创新的影响,考察了环境动态性的调节效应,并基于全国334家企业的样本数据运用多元线性回归进行实证检验。研究发现:(1)关系嵌入性、结构嵌入性与商业模式创新有显著的正向关系;(2)在关系嵌入和商业模式创新关系中,环境动态性在信任、信息共享与商业模式创新关系中起着显著的正向调节作用,而对共同解决问题和商业模式创新的正向调节作用不显著;(3)在结构嵌入性和商业模式创新关系中,环境动态性对网络中心性与商业模式创新关系中有着显著的正向调节作用,而对网络密度和商业模式创新的的调节作用不显著。     

A pragmatic approach to managing enterprise IT infrastructures in the era of consumerization and individualization of IT

Historically, organizations owned and controlled the information technologies (IT) their employees used: telephone, inter-office memos, mainframes and timesharing systems. Today, employees often want to use their own IT: not only personal smart phones and tablets, but also Twitter and Google Docs. This new trend can diversify and extend enterprise IT infrastructure, but leaves organizations struggling with technology uses that they cannot control. With the emergence of new technological paradigms in consumer markets and organizations, the management of IT infrastructure requires a more pragmatic and holistic approach that goes beyond simple technological considerations. In this paper, we present a three-part framework—technology, people and practice—that helps managers understand and mitigate these tensions. Drawing on two empirical studies of European executives and consultants form multiple management consulting firms, the paper further outlines changes taking place along the three aspects of the framework. It concludes by discussing three distinct approaches to the management of organizational IT infrastructure (passive, reactive, and pragmatic), and by offering greater insight regarding a pragmatic approach.