Organizational justice and management trustworthiness during organizational Change: Interactions of Benevolence,Integrity, and managerial approaches

Trust and justice play an important role in the process of organizational change to build dynamic capabilities for sustainable competitive advantage. This study investigated the interaction effects of management's benevolence trustworthiness and integrity trustworthiness on employees’ perception of procedural justice during innovation or organizational change. Both the scenario and the field study showed that the patterns of the interaction effects of these two components of trustworthiness are further influenced in a complementary manner by different innovation approaches. The study indicated that the relationships between benevolence trustworthiness and integrity trustworthiness are far more complex than expected and thus need more research efforts.     

The performativity of routines: Theorising the influence of artefacts and distributed agencies on routines dynamics

Drawing from advances in Organisational Studies and recent debates within Economic Sociology and the Sociology of Financial Markets, this paper proposes a theoretical framework that characterises the mutual adaptation between formal routines and rules, on one hand, and actual performances, on the other, as iterative cycles of framing, overflowing and reframing of knowledge inputs and actions. This framework, combined with the ethnographic observation of the ‘engineering freeze’ process at a leading automotive manufacturer, allows us to advance Routine Theory by (1) capturing the dynamics of convergence and divergence between procedures and performances; and (2) improving our understanding of the influence of artefacts and distributed agencies on routine evolution.     

Agency in national innovation systems: Institutional entrepreneurship and the professionalization of Taiwanese IT

This paper examines institutional entrepreneurship as a form of internal agency within national innovation systems. In particular, we consider the entrepreneurship of Taiwanese IT firms over 1980-2007 in creating a new professionalized organizational form markedly different from the traditional Taiwanese model of family business. We compare two successful sectors - personal computers and semiconductors - and one failure - hard disk drives. We emphasize how entrepreneurial firms used strategies of framing, aggregating and networking (F.A.N.) to build legitimacy, mobilize local resources and reach out beyond the limitations of their immediate contexts. We discuss how F.A.N. strategies may evolve from ‘introversion’ to ‘extraversion’ and develop implications for policy-makers and further research.     

Sources of differences in the pattern of adoption of organizational and managerial innovations from early to late 1990s, in the UK

This paper explores empirically how the pattern of adoption of an organizational and managerial innovation changes as diffusion occurs. In particular, the paper investigates whether and how differences over time in the patterns of use of organisational innovation are related to changes in the characteristics of the innovation in terms of its functionality and relative complementarity with other innovations, as well as to changes in the needs and capabilities of firms. For this purpose, firm level data from the British Workplace Industrial Relations Survey, in 1990 and 1998, are used.     

Analyzing ICT adoption and use effects on knowledge creation: An empirical investigation in SMEs

This paper investigates the influence of the adoption and use of information and communication technology (ICT) on organizational learning (OL). The focus is on knowledge, creation, as an articulated construct for the OL concept, and the SECI (Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization) model is used as a reference for knowledge, creation. ICT use is seen here as consisting of three different orientations: informative, communicative and workflow. The results, based on a sample of around 300 Spanish small- and, medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), indicate that ICT has a significant positive influence on the, four processes for creating knowledge. ICT oriented to communication and workflow is found, to produce a significant positive impact on knowledge creation processes, except for, socialization process, while ICT use for information does not influence any of the processes for, creating knowledge and OL.     

Top Manager and Institutional Effects on the Adoption of Innovations: The Case of Teleworking 1

In spite of the advances in information and communication technologies, the implementation of teleworking is still behind early expectations. The slow adoption of teleworking may be explained by different organizational drivers that influence its implementation. This article reports the empirical findings of a survey conducted among a sample of Spanish companies to identify potential drivers and constraints based on top manager and institutional perspectives. The results indicate that the potential of teleworking is influenced by the manager's perception of teleworking benefits and barriers, the manager's tenure, the company's use of information and communication technologies, the company's degree of innovation, the proportion of salespeople, women and middle-age employees in the workforce, and the company size. Top manager factors seem to have more influence in the decision to adopt teleworking, while institutional factors are more significant in the potential diffusion in the company.     

“十一五”期间地域空间规划的科技创新及对“十二五”规划的政策建议

“十一五”期间,我国开始重视地域空间规划的作用,把搞好空间管制作为贯彻落实科学发展观的有效途径。结合中科院牵头完成的全国主体功能区划、不同类型的重大区域和国土规划以及汶川灾后重建规划的资源环境承载能力评价,文章分析了我国开展地域空间规划的客观需求,从规划理念、基础理论和技术方法等方面阐述了中科院研究团队在重大地域空间规划中的科技创新,从加强空间管制、健全空间规划体系和实施主体功能区规划3个方面提出了“十二五”期间我国开展地域空间规划的建议。     

科技体制改革中的制度变异

本文从制度创新过程中的制度变异概念入手,分析了制度变异的具体表现形式,在此基础上提出了在新形势下如何克服制度变异的相应对策     

编辑出版类期刊参考文献著录现状分析

【目的】 分析编辑出版类期刊参考文献著录现状,为参考文献的规范著录和期刊质量的提升提供参考。【方法】 对照GB/T 7714—2015新标准,通过资料对比分析,采用数理统计法,以中文社会科学引文索引收录的6种编辑出版类期刊为调查对象,统计分析2017年第1期论文的参考文献著录情况。【结果】 各期刊执行标准的情况不一致,在个人著者(尤其是欧美著者)、引文页码、顺序编码、电子文献等方面存在著录不规范问题。【结论】 要重视参考文献著录工作,执行新标准,规范参考文献著录,以期提高期刊质量,打造精品学术期刊。     

Understanding users’ behaviors regarding supply chain technology: Determinants impacting the adoption and implementation of RFID technology in South Korea

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), once a niche technology, is rapidly gaining the attention of retailers as a key enabler in their supply chain. As RFID moves into the mainstream, it is poised to replace the standard barcode as the technology that identifies and tracks products throughout the supply chain. In an attempt to gain competitive advantages, some retailers have begun the transition to RFID while others have been reluctant to embrace it. This study investigates South Korean retailers to identify key organizational characteristics that positively drive the evaluation of RFID. Further, this study assesses the impact one's evaluation has on the adoption and integration of RFID within their respective firm. Results from 278 adopting organizations show organizational needs (Ubiquity and Performance Gaps), perceived factors (Benefits and Cost Savings), and organizational readiness (Financial Resources and Technological Knowledge) have a significant influence on RFID Evaluation; and evaluation impacts its adoption, and integration.     

Organizational knowledge creation and the generation of new product ideas: A behavioral approach

In this paper, we address the pre-project phase of idea generation in the product innovation process, where the effective generation of new product ideas still remains an issue of high relevance for both management scholars and practitioners. We relate Nonaka and colleagues’ four knowledge creation modes of socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization to the novelty of product ideas generated. Taking a behavioral perspective on the four modes, we posit positive relationships between socialization as well as internalization and the novelty of product ideas, whereas we postulate negative relationships for externalization as well as combination. Using data from multiple respondents in 33 companies, our results confirm the proposed linkages.     

From closed to open: Job role changes,individual predispositions,and the adoption of commercial open source software development

When trying to attain the benefits of open source software (OSS), proprietary closed source software (PCSS) firms are struggling to adopt this radically different practice of software development. We approach these adoption challenges as a problem of gaining support for organizational innovation. Through a mixed-method research design consisting of qualitative interviews and a survey of employees of a large telecommunications firm, we find that the organizational innovation to commercially engage in OSS has different impacts on technical and administrative dimensions of different job roles. Accordingly, individuals enacting different job roles are—on average—more or less well aligned with the OSS practice and OSS processes per se. We find that individual-level attributes can counterbalance the job role changes that weaken support for adopting OSS, while perceived organizational commitment has no effect. Suggestions for PCSS firms are presented and implications for innovation literature are discussed.     

Innovating strategically in information and knowledge management: Applications of organizational behavior theory

A business school declares its strategy as becoming a leading European institution. As main vehicle for achieving recognition is the implementation of a top-down strategy naming five academic fields as key – (a) finance, (b) economics, (c) marketing, (d) law, accounting, and auditing, and (e) organizational behavior (OB). Top management allocates resources for research, academic activities, and positions to these five strategically chosen areas. Academic areas that are not strategically named must generate their own income through educational programs and research grants. Can OB serve as the platform to ensure the survival of IS/KMS? In our analysis, we found no other business school formulating a strategy along these lines; dominating strategic themes are internationalization, research excellence, and student environment. No academic field is singled out as strategic. We argue that selecting a few academic areas as a strategy is dysfunctional. We also found that OB is not very actively employed in research, be it positioning, theory, research model, analysis, or discussion. Hence, we do not find that OB offers any theorizing help to IS/KMS – this in contrast to innovation and change theories, for which we propose an framework as a means of defining IS/KMS research projects.     

Inside multi-disciplinary science and engineering research centers: The impact of organizational climate on invention disclosures and patents

Much past research on commercialization activities by university scientists and engineers has focused on the role of resources in the extra-organizational commercialization environment, such as the availability of venture capital funding. By contrast, our theoretical and empirical interest was in intra-organizational dynamics impacting the context in which scientists and engineers work. Drawing upon organizational psychology literature on the construct of organizational climate, we posited that researchers working in an intra-organizational climate that supports commercialization and encourages intra-organizational boundary-spanning will be more likely to produce invention disclosures and patents. Our data from 218 respondents at 21 engineering research centers was both multi-method (i.e., qualitative data from interviews, longitudinal archival data, and survey data) and multi-level. Our results showed that an organizational climate characterized by support for commercialization predicted invention disclosures one year later and an organizational climate characterized by boundary-spanning predicted patent awards two years later.     

文献管理软件在期刊论文中的应用调查与输出结果分析

【目的】 调查文献管理软件在期刊论文中的使用情况,分析文献管理软件处理后的输出结果。【方法】 选取英文期刊Chinese Journal of Cancer以及中文期刊《中山大学学报(医学科学版)》和《实用医学杂志》论文,查看是否使用文献管理软件,并分析使用何种软件。对使用EndNote和NoteExpress的论文逐篇按照《中山大学学报(医学科学版)》的文献著录格式,人工核对软件输出结果,提取注意事项。【结果】 从上述三种杂志中共收集244篇包含参考文献的已发表论文,其中使用文献管理软件的比例分别为50.0%,35.4%和14.7%。74篇论文使用了文献管理软件,占样本总数的比例为30.3%,其中43篇使用EndNote软件,25篇使用NoteExpress软件。使用两种软件的论文中,英文文献均远多于中文文献,使用EndNote处理的英文文献与中文文献的比例约为10…1,而使用NoteExpress处理的英文文献与中文文献的比例为5…1。未发现国内外作者使用文献管理软件的比例有明显不同。所有论文中的英文文献和中文文献经过软件处理后的输出结果基本符合文献的著录要求,尤其是EndNote输出英文文献的结果。但是,所有论文中的英文文献和中文文献经过软件处理后,输出结果仍然存在格式问题甚至内容错误。【结论】 国内医学学术期刊论文中使用文献管理软件的比例偏低,使用文献管理软件的论文的英文文献比例较高。建议国内期刊在稿约时或在网站上增加相关说明条目,建议作者使用参考文献管理软件。虽然软件输出结果较为满意,但是编辑仍然需要再次全面核对把关。     

行业技术动态下相关技术多样化对二元创新平衡的影响研究

本研究利用中国106家上市制造企业在2007—2010年间的面板数据,采用随机效应的GLS模型,分析行业技术动态下企业相关技术多样化对二元创新平衡的影响机理。研究结果表明:(1)企业相关技术多样化与二元创新平衡呈倒U型关系;(2)行业技术动态正向调节企业相关技术多样化与二元创新平衡间的关系。因此,在行业技术动态增大情况下,制造企业为了获得最大程度的二元性创新平衡,需要维持一个适当的相关技术多样化程度。     

Exploring the duality between product and organizational architectures: A test of the “mirroring” hypothesis

A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that this organization produces. Specifically, products tend to “mirror” the architectures of the organizations in which they are developed. This dynamic occurs because the organization's governance structures, problem solving routines and communication patterns constrain the space in which it searches for new solutions. Such a relationship is important, given that product architecture has been shown to be an important predictor of product performance, product variety, process flexibility and even the path of industry evolution.We explore this relationship in the software industry. Our research takes advantage of a natural experiment, in that we observe products that fulfill the same function being developed by very different organizational forms. At one extreme are commercial software firms, in which the organizational participants are tightly-coupled, with respect to their goals, structure and behavior. At the other, are open source software communities, in which the participants are much more loosely-coupled by comparison. The mirroring hypothesis predicts that these different organizational forms will produce products with distinctly different architectures. Specifically, loosely-coupled organizations will develop more modular designs than tightly-coupled organizations. We test this hypothesis, using a sample of matched-pair products.We find strong evidence to support the mirroring hypothesis. In all of the pairs we examine, the product developed by the loosely-coupled organization is significantly more modular than the product from the tightly-coupled organization. We measure modularity by capturing the level of coupling between a product's components. The magnitude of the differences is substantial—up to a factor of six, in terms of the potential for a design change in one component to propagate to others. Our results have significant managerial implications, in highlighting the impact of organizational design decisions on the technical structure of the artifacts that these organizations subsequently develop.     

斯坦福国际研究院的创新管理分析——基于组织学习和知识管理视角

以斯坦福国际研究院(SRI)为案例,分析了其创新管理“五项守则”及创新成果转化的实践,指出了值得知识密集型科技服务机构借鉴的创新管理经验:围绕组织学习来构建创新活动管理的总体运行机制;相应地设计切合知密集型创新活动特征的管理工具、构建创新管理文化;并依据知识活动的系统性来开展创新成果转化.     

复杂产品系统创新网络的跨组织学习效应与组织治理机制

多种互补性知识的交互作用是推动复杂产品系统创新的内在动力,复杂产品系统创新网络为合作伙伴的跨组织学习提供了机会和平台。建立了复杂产品系统创新能力与互补性知识间的函数关系,对跨组织学习提升复杂产品系统创新能力的原理及影响因素进行了数学分析。将复杂产品系统创新所需要的知识分为低交互作用知识、高交互作用知识和中交互作用知识,分析了不同的组织治理机制对知识转移治理效果的差异,界定了不同组织治理机制的适用范围。