几组常见同义词辨析

本文介绍了英语中几组常见同义词在用法上的区别,以便在英语学习中更好地使用.     

Common Arguments about the Strengths and Limitations of Home Schooling

I've always wanted to use drama methods in my sophomore lit class, but I don't know where to start

History is full of dramatic events, but how can I get teenagers to willingly take on roles and act things out?

Everything I read tells me that involving students in learning through drama is effective and enjoyable, but nothing tells me how to do it     

How and Why to Support Common Schooling and Educational Choice at the Same Time

The common school ideal is the source of one of the oldest educational debates in liberal democratic societies. The movement in favour of greater educational choice is the source of one of the most recent. Each has been the cause of major and enduring controversy, not only within philosophical thought but also within political, legal and social arenas. Echoing conclusions reached by Terry McLaughlin, but taking the historical and legal context of the United States as my backdrop, I argue that the ideal of common schooling and the existence of separate schools, which is to say, the existence of educational choice, are not merely compatible but necessarily co-exist in a liberal democratic society. In other words, we need both common schooling and educational choice. The essay proceeds in four parts. First, I explain why we need to understand something about pluralism in order to understand common schooling and school choice. In the second and third parts, I explore the normative significance of pluralism for common schooling and educational choice, respectively. In the fourth part, I show how the two can be reconciled, given a certain understanding of what pluralism demands.     

What is Common About Common Schooling? Rational Autonomy and Moral Agency in Liberal Democratic Education

In this essay I critique two influential accounts of rational autonomy in common schooling that conceive liberalism as an ideal form of life, and I offer an alternative approach to democratic education that views liberal theory as concerned with coexistence among rival ways of living. This view places moral agency, not rational autonomy, at the heart of schooling in liberal societies—a moral agency grounded in initiation into dynamic traditions that enable self-definition and are accompanied by exposure to life-paths other than one's own. This alternative challenges the tendency in large diverse democracies (such as those of the US and the UK) to prefer common to particularistic schools, thereby placing many types of faith and secular schools on a more equal footing and providing moral justification for education in the national cultures of small liberal republics (such as Denmark, Israel and Lithuania) that maintain special relationships to particular groups while acknowledging the rights of all citizens. I call this approach the pedagogy of difference.     

Cultural Coherence and the Schooling for Identity Maintenance

An education for cultural coherence tends to the child's well-being through identity construction and maintenance. Critics charge that this sort of education will not bode well for the future autonomy of children. I will argue that culturally coherent education, provided there is no coercion, can lend itself to eventual autonomy and may assist minority children in countering the negative stereotypes and discrimination they face in the larger society. Further, I will argue that few individuals actually possess an entirely coherent identity; rather, most of us possess hybrid identities that lend themselves to multiple, not necessarily conflicting allegiances.     

Compulsory Schooling for Nomads

The following article deals with recent attempts of the French government to cope with an unusual minority problem: how to educate the children of nomads. The author, Inspecteur de l'Academie de L'Indre (a regional school administrator of the national government), is well familiar with this problem, since it is in the Indre - located in southern France — that a large number of the nearly 89,000 nomads are living. These are gypsies, and it is interesting to note that the author never refers to them by this term, but only by the terms "nomads." (Not all gypsies are nomads any longer.) The life style of these people has made it extremely difficult for their children to obtain any formal education at all, and in past times the local and national government authorities have done little to remedy the situation.     

Schooling and socialization for moral commitment

Central to socialization is the growth of commitment to values and moral rules and the formation of beliefs about society as a moral order. To what extent does schooling influence these processes? In what ways? How might it influence them? Answers to these questions have been rhetorical for the most part because so little is known about the ways that schooling fosters and constrains students' commitments and beliefs. Analyses of schooling as social control and as structured activity should increase this knowledge significantly.     

长白山区常见易混药用植物的鉴别

本文对长白山区部分易混的药用植物进行了鉴别,减少了误采、误用药用植物现象的发生.     

Religious Education, Religious Literacy and Common Schooling: a Philosophy and History of Skewed Reflection

In recent times, questions of religious education—about the place and significance of knowledge and understanding of religious belief and practice in the general educational development of children and young people—seem to have been largely overshadowed or overtaken by controversies concerning the relative merits and shortcomings of common and faith schools. However, in as much as such controversies have also turned upon questions of the relative merits of so-called confessional and non-confessional conceptions of religious education, they have mostly served to obscure the inadequacies of both these approaches to religious education. The present paper maintains that the real question of religious education—as a key element in the educational formation of all children—is that of how the great religious narratives of diverse cultural inheritance might be meaningfully understood and taught in a broadly liberal educational spirit. To this end, it is argued that a form of religious literacy—avoiding the errors of both confessional and non-confessional approaches—can and should be promoted in common schools as not just compatible with but indispensable to liberal education.     

Understanding Motivation and Schooling: Where We've Been, Where We Are, and Where We Need to Go

This paper presents an interpretive summary of the progress that has been made in the study of motivation, especially as this work relates to the area of education. Motivation research has come of age with theoretical frameworks rooted in an established body of findings, and with the development of core methodologies for pursuing further knowledge. It has begun to provide a firm base for guiding educational practice. Current work is clearly in accord with mainstream psychology in that cognitive models of motivation are the predominant guides for research. Future work is likely to focus increasingly on how the meaning construction process affects engagement in tasks. Researchers should consider a wider array of research procedures and give greater attention to understanding motivation as it occurs in natural settings, especially as educational interventions are attempted. A serious deficiency in the motivation literature is that relatively little attention has been given to differences related to sociocultural backgrounds.     

社会性别与性别诗学--女性(主义)文学批评笔记之二

社会性别理论是西方女性主义学者对女性主义文学研究的重要贡献，它标志着西方女性主义学者的理论自觉。作为女性主义的核心概念，它是在20世纪90年代中期以后开始被介绍进中国来的。社会性别理论对于开阔中国女性主义批评先在的理论视野，对于20世纪80年代普遍运用的性别本质论限度的认识与反思，尤其对于中国女性文学批评的健康发展具有启示意义。     

Time and the Environments of Schooling

In this article, we explore questions related to the meaning and nature of time in schooling environments. Cultural, historical and ecological images inform our thinking, using concepts from postmodern perspectives such as semiotics and critical pedagogy. We begin by reviewing the historical development of conceptions of time and describe what is meant by framing our research and thinking in a postmodern vision of time. We examine ideas about other potential meanings of time using semiotic and critical pedagogical interpretations. As the research and recommendations are of value to professional educators and policy makers, we discuss the value of nurturing intellectual relationships, the value of collaboration, and the importance of developing new ways to give voice to teachers to allow them to articulate their views about what is most meaningful and significant in the organization of learning environments.