A novel control strategy for load converter of DC isolated distribution system under unbalanced loading conditions

A novel control strategy for the load converter supplying the unbalanced AC load in a DC isolated distribution system is presented. The control algorithm results in balanced and sinusoidal load voltages under unbalanced AC loading. The unbalanced load is characterized in the d-q-0 rotating coordinate based on symmetrical sequence components. Also, the mathematical model of the load converter in both a-b-c and d-q-0 coordinates is derived by using the average large signal model. Then, two control strategies for the load converter are presented. The first one uses the conventional d-q-0 controller to ensure the voltage and current regulation. The second one is a newly proposed control strategy based on the decomposition of the voltage and current into in- stantaneous positive, negative, and zero sequences. These three sequences are controlled independently in their own reference frames as DC signals. The performance of the load converter using these two control strategies is compared. Simulation results show the validity and capability of the newly proposed control strategy.     

质子交换膜燃料电池系统电气输出的动态控制

This paper discusses dynamic characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) under rapid fluctuation of power demand. Wavelet neural network is adopted in the identification of the characteristic curve to predict the voltage. The system control scheme of the voltage and power is introduced. The corresponding schemes for voltage and power control are studied. MATLAB is used to simulate the control system. The results reveal that the adopted control schemes can produce expected effects. Corresponding anti-disturbance and robustness simulation are also carried out. The simulation results show that the implemented control schemes have better robustness and adaptability.     

MEMS Test System Based on Virtual Instrument Technology

On account of the multiformity of MEMS devices, it is necessary to integrate with some optical measurement techniques for meeting static and dynamic unit test requirements. In this paper, an automated MEMS test system is built of some commercially available components and instruments based on virtual instrument technology. The system is integrated with stroboscopic imaging, computer micro-vision, microscopic Mirau phase shifting interferometry, and laser Doppler vibrometer, and is used for the measurement of full-view in-plane and out-of-plane geometric parameters and periodical motions and single spot out-of-plane transient motion. The system configuration and measurement methods are analyzed, and some applications of the measurement of in-plane and out-of-plane dimensions and motions were described. The measurement accuracy of in-plane dimensions and out-of-plane dimensional is better than 0.2 μm and 5 nm respectively. The resolution of measuring in-plane and out-of-plane motions is better than 15 nm and 2 nm respectively.     

A sensorless and simple controller for VSC based HVDC systems

Voltage source converter high-voltage direct current （VSC-HVDC） is a new power transmission technology pref- erable in small or medium power transmission. In this paper we discuss a new control system based on space vector modulation （SVM） without any voltage line sensors. Using direct power control （DPC） SVM and a new double synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop （DSRF-PLL） approach, the control system is resistant to the majority of line voltage disturbances. Also, the system response has accelerated by using a feed forward power decoupled loop. The operation of this control strategy was verified in a SIMULINK/MATLAB simulation environment. To validate this control system, a 5 kV.A prototype system was constructed. Compared to the original controllers, the current total harmonic distortion （THD）, the active and reactive deviations and the DC voltage overshoot were lowered by 2.5%, 6.2% and 8%, respectively. The rectifier power factor in the worst condition was 0.93 and the DC voltage settling time was 0.2 s.     

WAMS-based monitoring and control of Hopf bifurcations in multi-machine power systems

A method is proposed to monitor and control Hopf bifurcations in multi-machine power systems using the information from wide area measurement systems （WAMSs）. The power method （PM） is adopted to compute the pair of conjugate eigenvalues with the algebraically largest real part and the corresponding eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix of a power system. The distance between the current equilibrium point and the Hopf bifurcation set can be monitored dynamically by computing the pair of conjugate eigenvalues. When the current equilibrium point is close to the Hopf bifurcation set, the approximate normal vector to the Hopf bifurcation set is computed and used as a direction to regulate control parameters to avoid a Hopf bifurcation in the power system described by differential algebraic equations （DAEs）. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by regulating the reactive power loads in a 14-bus power system.     

Measurement of Rotatory Optics Element in Tensor Dielectric Matrix for Rotatory Optical Fiber

The rotatory optics element in the tensor dielectric coefficient matrix is an important parameter for analyzing and calculating a rotatory optical fiber by electromagnetic theory. But the measurement of rotatory optics element is difficult for the rotatory optical fiber. A simple principle and method for measuring rotatory optics element are put forward in this paper. Firstly by using electromagnetic theory it was demonstrated that the rotatory optics element has a simple linear relation with the rotatory angle, and then the rotatory optics element has a simple linear relation with the magnetic field strength (or bias current in the helix coil) . Secondly a measurement system for the rotatory optics element in the rotatory optical fiber was designed. Using the measurement system the rotatory element can be obtained by measuring the bias current simply.     

Approach for electrodynamic force for compensation in low voltage circuit breaker WP 630-1.2 type

Undesirable repulsive force between contact members due to both a current path shrink near a real contact area and/or so-called pinch effect is particularly onerous for power switch applications, and results in either contact floating or bouncing which are associated with an electric arc following contact welding. This problem is of great importance for any circuit breaker especially for compact low voltage vacuum circuit breakers. To avoid contact floating at closure and during any inrush current under short circuit conditions, the electrodynamic repulsive force can be employed successfully if we use a special compensation system flexibly combined with the contact itself. However to select and design the compensation system properly, its efficiency has to be known. This paper presents an approach to obtain the electrodynamic force value depending on different shaped (rectangular, square, circle and arch) copper plates used in the compensator by using ANSYS for current values 40 kA RMS. Curve-fitting was done according to the calculating results, the optimization designing of compensation unit is based on them.     

Influence of Exposure Time on Prototyping Accuracy in Stereolithography

A novel stereolithgraphy system with conventional UV light as a light source uses the 2D worktable as moving components,whose characteristics determine the accuracy of the prototyping parts. Many factors including mass of the worktable, elasticity and damp coefficients, speed and acceleration affect the non-uniform exposure time of the resin, and eventually influence the cured line shape and the curing accuracy. A light shuttle is used to eliminate the cure errors, greatly improving accuracy of the parts.     

Dynamical Measurement Method of Handle Reaction Vector for FES-Assisted Paraplegic Walking

To analyze the use of upper limb support during paraplegic walking assisted by functional electrical stimulation （ FES）. a new dynamical measurement for handle reaction vector （HRV） applied by patient to walker was proposed. To avoid the discomfort of direct monitoring, the dynamometer system was designed based on 12 string-gauge bridges instrumented on a standard walker frame. The detailed positions of these bridges were determined according to the deformation distributions of the walker frame under different directional components of HRV. To adapt the system to quantitative and reliable measurement, a redundant-optimized technique was developed in calibration. The measurement accuracy, nonlinearity, and crosstalk of the designed system were investigated, which were better than 1.01%. 2.91%. and 3. 19% respectively. Clinical trials were done with 6 paraplegic subjects using the system and one case was given as the example of actual measurement. All experiment and clinical trial results show that this method is reliable and practicable.     

New analytical solution for the analysis and design of permanent magnet thrust bearings

On the basis of the current sheet model, a new analytical solution for permanent magnet （PM） bearings is developed. Compared with analytical methods based on the coupling energy model and the magnetic dipole model, the proposed one is more physically intuitive and convenient for engineering designers. According to the analytical model, the thrust characteristics of a novel PM thrust bearing is studied and verified by finite element analysis （FEA）. In the proposed thrust bearing configuration, the rotor is composed of stacked PM tings with alternative axial magnetization directions, and the stator with alternative radial magnetization directions while copper rings are used to separate adjacent PM rings. A prototype PM thrust bearing with the proposed configuration is designed and fabricated. The performances of the PM thrust beating are experimentally validated. It is shown that the calculation accuracy of the presented analytical solution is satisfying.     

基于MSP430F169单片机的直流电子负载的设计

为了智能测量和研究直流稳压电源、蓄电池等电源的负载特性,设计了一台以TI公司的16位超低功耗单片机MSP430F169为中心控制的直流电子负载。外置16位D/A转化芯片ADS1115实时高精度采样电源电压和电流信号,经过单片机程序控制,单片机内置12位D/A转换电路输出一个直流信号并经过运放放大后驱动功率MOS管工作。MOS管作为功率消耗元件,整个电路构成了电压和电流闭环调节系统,可工作于恒压和恒流2种模式。被测电源的输出电压、输出电流和负载调整率可以实时测量并显示在图形液晶显示屏上,电流和电压的测量精度可达（0.02%±0.02%FS）。电子负载人机交互友好,测量精度高,单片机外围电路简单,可靠性高,扩充性好,具有很强的实用价值。     

用于高压电子式电流互感器的能力和数据复合光纤传输系统

This paper describes a prototype power delivery system developed for high voltage electronic current transformer (ECT) that uses laser light to transfer power to and communicates with the primary converter. The design is based on optical-to-electrical power converters, solid-state diode lasers and optical fibers. Command signals are transmitted via the same up-fiber used to send power from secondary power supply to primary converter. The upward data transmission is completed during the brief interruption of power delivery without affecting steady power-supply. A simple comparator added to the primary converter can take the command data. Experimental results show that the fibers can provide reliable up-link for data transmission at 200 kb/s from the secondary to the primary converter. Based on the delivery system, the secondary converter can control three auxiliary channels to provide additional information. These monitoring channels are used in a time-multiplexing mode to provide information about the operation temperature, voltage and current at the remote unit for monitoring the ECT. This preventive maintenance or built-in test can increase reliability by giving early warning for necessary maintenance request.     

LCL-S型ICPT系统输出电压特性分析与设计

针对很多无线供电应用场合需要保持输出电压恒定的需求,提出了一种高频逆变器前动态调压的恒压输出控制方法。以LCL-S型感应耦合电能传输系统为研究对象,通过阻抗分析法建模,发现通过元器件的参数配置,可使系统输入阻抗为纯阻性,减少无功分量,同时逆变器开关管实现了零电流开通与关断,但此时系统输出电压并不恒定。针对分析结果提出基于模糊自适应PI控制算法的逆变前动态调压控制的恒压输出控制方案,最后搭建了仿真实验平台和实验样机证明了分析结果的正确和控制方案的有效。     

一种简易RLC测量系统的研制

本系统采用STC89C52RC单片机为主控芯片,JSY-MK-163单相互感计量模块为辅助,将开关电源提供的5 V直流电压通过升压电路升压,再经过NE555芯片和滤波电路转换为一定频率输出的正弦交流电压信号,为待测RLC元器件提供测试信号源.单相互感计量模块通过其内部A/D对被测元件参数进行处理,通过MODBUS通信规...     

电力数据采集终端中滤波方法研究

在电力数据采集终端中滤波器常用来滤除耦合在电力信号传输线路上的高频谐波、抑制干扰,以确保有效地采集电力线上的电压和电流信号,提高系统的采样精度．本文提出一种新的混合滤波方案,即采用二阶压控电压源低通滤波电路的硬件滤波和去极值平均魔波与维纳滤波相结合的数字滤波方案,采用硬件滤波滤除采集信号中的高频分量,通过软件滤波抑制低频分量中的干扰．实验结果表明,这种方案可行且能达到预期的效果．     

负阻抗变换器的实现与应用研究

章介绍了由一级运算放大器实现的电流反向型负阻抗变换器，以及它与无源元件联接后，在改变阻抗大小和性质，用作阻抗逆变器和构成负内阻电压源等方面的应用。     

一种自动调节的常压低温等离子体电源的设计

介绍了一种用于织物表面处理常压低温等离子体电源的工作原理及控制方法。根据纺织物表面处理工艺要求,高压电源采用前级PWM控制Buck电路DC／DC变换,后级H桥逆变经变压器升压结构产生稳定、均匀、柔和的低温等离子体。自动调节以计算机为控制单元,利用传感器技术实现自动控制,提高电源的可靠性。实际应用等离子体高频高压电源在纺织材料中的结果表明：该技术在提高了电源效率的同时,快速有效地抑制浪涌电压和峰值电流,改善了纺织材料表面处理的性能。     

Dynamic modeling and direct power control of wind turbine driven DFIG under unbalanced network voltage conditions

This paper proposes an analysis and a direct power control （DPC） design of a wind turbine driven doubly-fed induction generator （DFIG） under unbalanced network voltage conditions. A DFIG model described in the positive and negative synchronous reference frames is presented. Variations of the stator output active and reactive powers are fully deduced in the presence of negative sequence supply voltage and rotor flux. An enhanced DPC scheme is proposed to eliminate stator active power oscillation during network unbalance. The proposed control scheme removes rotor current regulators and the decomposition processing of positive and negative sequence rotor currents. Simulation results using PSCAD/EMTDC are presented on a 2-MW DFIG wind power generation system to validate the feasibility of the proposed control scheme under balanced and unbalanced network conditions.     

虚拟电功率计的设计与测试

在功率测量中,由于非整周期采样、随机噪声、通道延时的存在,会降低测量准确度.针对这个问题,首先设计算法来减小这些因素的影响;然后在Labview平台上编写数据采集和数据处理程序;接着用信号发生器作为信号源和噪声源,NI ELVISⅡ作为数据采集设备采集电信号,并用所设计的采样整周期性算法、去除随机噪声算法、修正通道延时算法处理采集的数据,测量出源信号的有效电压值、有效电流值、平均功率、视在功率、无效功率和功率因数;最后进行数据分析和讨论.结果证明,所设计的功率测量算法能够减小上述3种因素对功率测量的影响,得到具有较高准确性的功率测量值.