PBL教学法在医学硕士研究生系统评价/Meta分析制作教学中的应用

讨论PBL教学法在医学硕士研究生系统评价/Meta分析制作教学中的具体应用,阐述相应的教学效果.     

PBL教学法在医学硕士研究生系统评价／Meta分析制作教学中的应用

讨论PBL教学法在医学硕士研究生系统评价／Meta分析制作教学中的具体应用,阐述相应的教学效果。     

门诊糖尿病病人饮食治疗的护理干预

目的探讨护理干预对提高门诊糖尿病病人饮食治疗顺从性的关系.方法专职营养护士跟随内分泌科专科医生定期参加门诊咨询,对门诊糖尿病病人饮食进行护理干预.结果协调了护患关系,明显提高了门诊糖尿病病人对饮食治疗重要性的认识、知识的掌握程度以及正确的执行方法.结论有效的护理干预对门诊糖尿病病人饮食治疗具有重要的临床意义.     

浅论家庭护理干预对糖尿病患者自我管理的影响

随着现代生物—心理—社会医学模式的转变,护理服务范畴不再局限于医院,已扩大到家庭。出院后有针对地给予患者家庭护理干预,能影响患者自我管理能力,有效达到治疗、康复的目的。家庭护理干预是持续提高家属及患者对疾病的认知水平及护理能力的重要手段,从而提高了患者治疗的依从性。     

护理缺陷分析与干预

目的:分析护理缺陷发生的原因,提出干预措施,为患者提供安全、舒适、有效的护理服务.方法:通过对2011年1月~2012年12月163例护理缺陷进行回顾性分析.结果:不严格执行制度与规范、责任心不强、违反操作规程等是发生护理缺陷的主要原因;不同护理职称缺陷发生率由高到低依次为护士、护师、主管护师.结论:严格执行规章制度和操作规范、认真履行岗位职责、加强责任心、强化服务理念和安全意识,加强护理人员专业技能培训,可有效预防或杜绝护理缺陷的发生,从而保障护理安全、提高护理质量.     

围生期护理干预对妊娠合并糖尿病患者血糖影响的探讨

为了对妊娠合并糖尿病患者围生期护理干预的临床效果进行分析和探讨,本研究选取:76例妊娠期糖尿病患者,随机分为参照组和观察组,每组38例。参照组患者选择常规的护理方法进行护理,观察组患者在常规护理的基础之上选择加强围生期护理干预的方式进行护理。分析并且比较两组患者的临床护理效果。发现与参照组患者相比,观察组在餐后2小时血糖和糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)水平方面优于参照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用围生期护理干预的方式对妊娠合并糖尿病患者进行护理,能够使患者的Hb A1c水平和餐后2小时血糖水平得以明显改善,值得在临床上推广和应用。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病健康俱乐部护理干预模式的构建及其影响

通过整群抽取Ⅱ型糖尿病患者117例,随机分为实验组和对照组,对实验组实施为期1年的护理干预研究,探讨健康俱乐部护理干预模式对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的治疗效果和生活质量的影响.     

针对性护理干预在前列腺增生手术患者中的应用分析

目的:研究针对性护理干预在前列腺增生手术患者中的应用。方法:选择2013年8月-2014年6月在我院收治的88例前列腺增患者研究对象,将其分为观察组和对照组,每组44例。对照组采取常规护理,观察组患者进行针对性护理干预。对两组患者治疗后的护理满意度情况进行分析,以及两组患者治疗后的不良反应情况。结果:观察组患者的总满意度为90.9%,不良反应发生率为13.6%,对照组患者的总满意度为70.5%,不良反应发生率为29.5%,两组相比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:前列腺增生手术患者实施针对性护理干预效果显著,能有效缓解患者的焦虑情绪,降低术后不良反应发生率,值得在临床上推广应用。     

国内中学生考试焦虑干预效果元分析

本文采用元分析方法对国内中学生考试焦虑干预研究做了总结。结果表明总干预效果是十分有效的,其效应量值为1.20。干预方法方面,精神分析疗法的效果最好。干预技术方面,沙盘游戏效果最好。组织形式方面,个体训练比团体训练效果好。在干预时间方面,总疗程在2～3个月,干预次数在5～8次,干预间隔时间在1周以内,每次干预时间在60分钟以上的干预效果将会是最好的。     

Effectiveness of grade retention: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Research on the effectiveness of grade retention has a long history, yet, has seen an upsurge during the last decade. In this study, we review 84 recent, methodologically sound studies estimating effects of retention in grades K-12 on repeaters' and nonrepeaters' development, in a variety of countries across the world, disentangling grade and age comparison results. Based on vote counting analysis and three-level metaregression analysis we find grade retention to have an average zero effect, indicating that repeaters and non-repeaters seem to show a similar development, on average. At the same time, we find grade retention effects to differ according to some specific effect and study characteristics. More specifically, grade retention seems less effective in countries applying a mixture of grade retention and tracking to tackle student heterogeneity, and when repeaters are compared with non-repeaters of the same age. Conversely, grade retention seems more effective in countries using strategies such as ability grouping, setting, and streaming to deal with student heterogeneity. Positive effects also seem to arise when studying students' psychosocial functioning, when investigating short-run effects, when comparing repeaters with their younger non-retained grade-mates, and when evaluating effects via a regression discontinuity method.     

Changes in the gut microbiota of osteoporosis patients based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Osteoporosis (OP) has become a major public health issue, threatening the bone health of middle-aged and elderly people from all around the world. Changes in the gut microbiota (GM) are correlated with the maintenance of bone mass and bone quality. However, research results in this field remain highly controversial, and no systematic review or meta-analysis of the relationship between GM and OP has been conducted. This paper addresses this shortcoming, focusing on the difference in the GM abundance between OP patients and healthy controls based on previous 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing results, in order to provide new clinical reference information for future customized prevention and treatment options of OP.

Methods

According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we comprehensively searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). In addition, we applied the R programming language version 4.0.3 and Stata 15.1 software for data analysis. We also implemented the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), funnel plot analysis, sensitivity analysis, Egger’s test, and Begg’s test to assess the risk of bias.

Results

This research ultimately considered 12 studies, which included the fecal GM data of 2033 people (604 with OP and 1429 healthy controls). In the included research papers, it was observed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus increased in the OP group, while the relative abundance for Bacteroides of Bacteroidetes increased (except for Ireland). Meanwhile, Firmicutes, Blautia, Alistipes, Megamonas, and Anaerostipes showed reduced relative abundance in Chinese studies. In the linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis, certain bacteria showed statistically significant results consistently across different studies.

Conclusions

This observational meta-analysis revealed that changes in the GM were correlated with OP, and variations in some advantageous GM might involve regional differences.

     

The myth of contextual interference learning benefit in sports practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The contextual interference (CI) model hypothesizes random practice (high CI) leads to inferior acquisition, but superior retention and transfer capabilities compared to blocked practice (low CI). These phenomena are well established in laboratory settings. However, the transfer to applied settings, particularly in sports practice is still under discussion. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the possible generalisability of the CI phenomenon in sports-based contexts with regard to performance outcomes. Up to April 16th, 2022, five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and SciELO) were used to search for relevant studies investigating differences between blocked and random schedules at post-acquisition, retention, and/or transfer tests. Using the PICOS criteria, a total of 933 records were screened. Outcomes evaluating the acquisition, retention, and/or transfer performances in sports skills in healthy participants were included. The quality of the selected studies was scored using the PEDro scale. Thirty-seven studies were selected, of which twenty-seven were of good quality and the remaining ten were rated as fair quality. Out of 205 overall pooled outcomes, only 43 performance outcomes (21%) agreed with the CI phenomenon after the acquisition (18 out of 103), retention (19 out of 84), and/or transfer (6 out of 36) phases. No statistically significant overall difference between blocked and random practice was detected at post-acquisition (effect size (ES) = 0.1, p = 0.154), retention (ES = −0.159, p = 0.141) or transfer testing (ES = −0.243, p = 0.071). The subgroup analysis showed inferior acquisition and superior retention following random practice only in individuals aged 20–24 years (ES = 0.282, p = 0.030 during the acquisition, and ES = −0.405, p = 0.011 during retention), with no difference at transfer testing for this specific age group. No similar significant effects have been concurrently identified during both acquisition and retention phases in any of the remaining subgroups (e.g., examined based on experience level, sports, skills, and testing protocol categories). The present results suggest CI effects can only be confirmed under very limited conditions, which seriously challenges the extension of CI effects to the sport context in general. Problematic conclusions for children's learning are discussed, as well as future research strategies to better understand counterintuitive learning approaches.     

Interventions for academically underachieving students: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Despite decades of research on interventions for academically underachieving students, no clear answers have emerged. Synthesizing across existing intervention efforts can help in understanding not only the overall effectiveness for these interventions, but also the factors that may moderate such effectiveness. In the current study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of interventions for academically underachieving students, exploring effects on achievement and psychosocial outcomes. Overall, findings from 53 studies revealed that interventions are moderately effective in improving achievement and psychosocial outcomes. Moderator analyses revealed that intervention effectiveness varied by grade level. Implications for research and practice are discussed, particularly the need for rigorous evaluations of well-designed interventions that consider the fit between students’ unique reasons for underachievement and the makeup of the intervention.     

Interleukin-6 polymorphisms modify the risk of periodontitis： a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective  

To clarify the association of IL-6 polymorphisms and periodontitis, a meta-analysis of case-control studies and a systemic review were conducted.     

Beyond cold technology: A systematic review and meta-analysis on emotions in technology-based learning environments

Understanding emotions in technology-based learning environments (TBLEs) has become a paramount goal across different research communities, but to date, these have operated in relative isolation. Based on control-value theory (Pekrun, 2006), we reviewed 186 studies examining emotions in TBLEs that were published between 1965 and 2018. We extracted effect sizes quantifying relations between emotions (enjoyment, curiosity/interest, anxiety, anger/frustration, confusion, boredom) and their antecedents (control-value appraisals, prior knowledge, gender, TBLE characteristics) and outcomes (engagement, learning strategies, achievement). Mean effects largely supported hypotheses (e.g., positive relations between enjoyment and appraisals, achievement, and cognitive support) and remained relatively stable across moderators. These findings imply that levels of emotions differ across TBLEs, but that their functional relations with appraisals and learning are equivalent across environments. Implications for research and designing emotionally sound TBLEs are discussed.     

InterIeukin-6 polymorphisms modify the risk of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To clarify the association of IL-6 polymorphisms and periodontitis, a meta-analysis of case-control studies and a systemic review were conducted. Material and methods: We performed a literature search using PubMed and Medline database to May 2009, with no restrictions. We also reviewed referebces from all retrieved articles. Six case-control studies involving 1093 periodontitis cases and 574 controls were selected for meta-analysis to assess the purported associations between IL-6 polymorphisms and the risk of periodontitis. IL-6 -174 G/C and -572 C/G polymorphisms were included in the present meta-analysis, and the association between IL-6 -6331 T/C polymorphism and the risk of periodontitis was adequately reviewed as well. Results and conclusion: The present meta-analysis indicates that the IL-6 -174 G allele could not modify the risk of chronic periodontitis, but increased the risk of aggressive periodontitis. And -572 C/G polymorphism is associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis, including chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis.     

Gender differences in the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Child maltreatment has well-documented long-term, adverse effects on mental health, but it is not clear whether there are gender differences in these effects. We conducted a systematic review to investigate whether there are gender differences in the effects of maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety. Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Lilacs were searched for relevant studies published up to May 2016. Eligible studies included population-based studies (with a cohort, case-control or cross-sectional design) which assessed maltreatment during childhood or adolescence (≤18 years) and its association with major depression or generalized anxiety disorder (DSM/ICD diagnostic criteria) in adulthood (>18 years) separately for females and males. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between each exposure and outcome using fixed and random effects models. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were estimated separately for women and men and compared. Five studies of physical and sexual abuse were included in the meta-analyses. These provided twenty-two effects sizes estimates (11 for men, 11 for women) for associations between physical/sexual abuse and depression/anxiety. Exposure to each kind of abuse increased the odds of depression/anxiety. Associations were larger for women than for men, however, these gender differences were not statistically significant. Physical and sexual abuse in childhood/adolescence are risk factors for depression/anxiety in adulthood and the effect could be larger for women; however, currently there is insufficient evidence to definitively identify gender differences in the effects of maltreatment.     

Adverse childhood experiences and associated health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe Center for Disease Control (CDC) and Kaiser Permanente developed the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scale to identify negative experiences in childhood. The goal of this study is to systematically review outcomes associated with the ACEs in the CDC-Kaiser ACE scale to understand the diversity of outcomes associated with this scale.MethodsThe authors conducted a search of English language articles published through September 30, 2016 using OVID Medline®; Ovid Medline® Daily; Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-indexed citations; ERIC®; HAPI®; and SCOPUS®. Articles were selected by trained reviewers based on a priori inclusion criteria including: research, healthy sample, used the CDC-Kaiser ACE scale, and assessed some health outcome. Two reviewers used an abstraction form to independently collect data from each study. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio associated with ACE scale scores were aggregated and compared.ResultsFrom 3167 unique titles, we identified 96 articles that assessed health outcomes associated with the ACEs in the CDC-Kaiser ACE scale. There were more studies focusing on psychosocial/behavioral outcomes than medical outcomes. The majority of the included studies were retrospective, observational, and relied on the same data set. Psychosocial/behavioral outcomes had higher odds ratio than medical outcomes with increasing ACE scale scores.ConclusionsExposure to multiple ACEs is associated with a wide variety of outcomes. This data suggests a benefit of screening for ACEs using this scale and highlights the need to find interventions to ameliorate their effects.