PBL教学法在医学硕士研究生系统评价/Meta分析制作教学中的应用

讨论PBL教学法在医学硕士研究生系统评价/Meta分析制作教学中的具体应用,阐述相应的教学效果.     

情境体验教学法在护理教育中应用效果的Meta分析

目的:检索有关情境体验教学法在护理教育中应用的文献,评价其教学效果.方法:检索中外文献数据库,筛选出文献并采Stata13.0进行Meta分析.结果:Meta分析显示:①以理论成绩为结局指标的有8篇,显示SMD=1.098,95％CI(0.392,1.805)(P<0.05).②以操作成绩为结局评价指标的有4篇,显示S...     

门诊糖尿病病人饮食治疗的护理干预

目的探讨护理干预对提高门诊糖尿病病人饮食治疗顺从性的关系.方法专职营养护士跟随内分泌科专科医生定期参加门诊咨询,对门诊糖尿病病人饮食进行护理干预.结果协调了护患关系,明显提高了门诊糖尿病病人对饮食治疗重要性的认识、知识的掌握程度以及正确的执行方法.结论有效的护理干预对门诊糖尿病病人饮食治疗具有重要的临床意义.     

PBL教学法在医学硕士研究生系统评价／Meta分析制作教学中的应用

讨论PBL教学法在医学硕士研究生系统评价／Meta分析制作教学中的具体应用,阐述相应的教学效果。     

浅论家庭护理干预对糖尿病患者自我管理的影响

随着现代生物—心理—社会医学模式的转变,护理服务范畴不再局限于医院,已扩大到家庭。出院后有针对地给予患者家庭护理干预,能影响患者自我管理能力,有效达到治疗、康复的目的。家庭护理干预是持续提高家属及患者对疾病的认知水平及护理能力的重要手段,从而提高了患者治疗的依从性。     

围生期护理干预对妊娠合并糖尿病患者血糖影响的探讨

为了对妊娠合并糖尿病患者围生期护理干预的临床效果进行分析和探讨,本研究选取:76例妊娠期糖尿病患者,随机分为参照组和观察组,每组38例。参照组患者选择常规的护理方法进行护理,观察组患者在常规护理的基础之上选择加强围生期护理干预的方式进行护理。分析并且比较两组患者的临床护理效果。发现与参照组患者相比,观察组在餐后2小时血糖和糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)水平方面优于参照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用围生期护理干预的方式对妊娠合并糖尿病患者进行护理,能够使患者的Hb A1c水平和餐后2小时血糖水平得以明显改善,值得在临床上推广和应用。     

护理缺陷分析与干预

目的:分析护理缺陷发生的原因,提出干预措施,为患者提供安全、舒适、有效的护理服务.方法:通过对2011年1月~2012年12月163例护理缺陷进行回顾性分析.结果:不严格执行制度与规范、责任心不强、违反操作规程等是发生护理缺陷的主要原因;不同护理职称缺陷发生率由高到低依次为护士、护师、主管护师.结论:严格执行规章制度和操作规范、认真履行岗位职责、加强责任心、强化服务理念和安全意识,加强护理人员专业技能培训,可有效预防或杜绝护理缺陷的发生,从而保障护理安全、提高护理质量.     

全程护理干预在老年糖尿病患者护理工作中的实施效果探讨

目的探讨老年糖尿病患者护理中全程护理干预的实施效果。方法选取我科收治的76例老年糖尿病患者随机分对照组和实验组,对照组采取常规护理,实验组采取全程护理干预,观察两组患者护理效果。结果对比两组患者空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖值发现显著差异,具备统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患者生活质量评分、护理满意度均明显优于对照组,数据差异满足统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者护理中应用全程护理干预,护理效果显著,能够改善患者血糖指标和生活质量,提高护理满意度,值得临床推广与应用。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病健康俱乐部护理干预模式的构建及其影响

通过整群抽取Ⅱ型糖尿病患者117例,随机分为实验组和对照组,对实验组实施为期1年的护理干预研究,探讨健康俱乐部护理干预模式对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的治疗效果和生活质量的影响.     

针对性护理干预在前列腺增生手术患者中的应用分析

目的:研究针对性护理干预在前列腺增生手术患者中的应用。方法:选择2013年8月-2014年6月在我院收治的88例前列腺增患者研究对象,将其分为观察组和对照组,每组44例。对照组采取常规护理,观察组患者进行针对性护理干预。对两组患者治疗后的护理满意度情况进行分析,以及两组患者治疗后的不良反应情况。结果:观察组患者的总满意度为90.9%,不良反应发生率为13.6%,对照组患者的总满意度为70.5%,不良反应发生率为29.5%,两组相比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:前列腺增生手术患者实施针对性护理干预效果显著,能有效缓解患者的焦虑情绪,降低术后不良反应发生率,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Changes in the gut microbiota of osteoporosis patients based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Osteoporosis (OP) has become a major public health issue, threatening the bone health of middle-aged and elderly people from all around the world. Changes in the gut microbiota (GM) are correlated with the maintenance of bone mass and bone quality. However, research results in this field remain highly controversial, and no systematic review or meta-analysis of the relationship between GM and OP has been conducted. This paper addresses this shortcoming, focusing on the difference in the GM abundance between OP patients and healthy controls based on previous 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing results, in order to provide new clinical reference information for future customized prevention and treatment options of OP.

Methods

According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we comprehensively searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). In addition, we applied the R programming language version 4.0.3 and Stata 15.1 software for data analysis. We also implemented the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), funnel plot analysis, sensitivity analysis, Egger’s test, and Begg’s test to assess the risk of bias.

Results

This research ultimately considered 12 studies, which included the fecal GM data of 2033 people (604 with OP and 1429 healthy controls). In the included research papers, it was observed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus increased in the OP group, while the relative abundance for Bacteroides of Bacteroidetes increased (except for Ireland). Meanwhile, Firmicutes, Blautia, Alistipes, Megamonas, and Anaerostipes showed reduced relative abundance in Chinese studies. In the linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis, certain bacteria showed statistically significant results consistently across different studies.

Conclusions

This observational meta-analysis revealed that changes in the GM were correlated with OP, and variations in some advantageous GM might involve regional differences.

     

Interleukin-6 polymorphisms modify the risk of periodontitis： a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective  

To clarify the association of IL-6 polymorphisms and periodontitis, a meta-analysis of case-control studies and a systemic review were conducted.     

Efficacy and safety of rituximab therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of rituximab therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trails and observational studies that evaluated the effect of rituximab based on the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), British Isles lupus assessment group index (BILAG), urine protein levels, and the prednisolone dose, and had adequate data to calculate the mean, standard deviation (SD), and 95% confidence intervals, and to systematically review and meta-analyze observational studies with fixed effects model or random effects model. Results: We included 2 randomized controlled studies and 19 observational clinical studies. We summarized the data from the 19 observational studies, analyzed the heterogeneity of the literature, and then used fixed effect model or random effect model for statistical analysis. The SLEDAI, BILAG, and urine protein levels and the prednisolone dosage were decreased after rituximab treatment, and the decreases in the BILAG, urine protein levels, and the prednisolone dose were found to be significant (P<0.05), when compared with baseline level. Rituximab’s adverse effects generally could be controlled with an effective dosing regimen. Conclusions: Although there are still controversies about rituximab’s treatment on SLE, but our study had showed that rituximab had favorable effects on refractory lupus. The long-term efficacy and safety of rituximab require further study.     

Retraction Note to: Ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B - This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1800122     

Twenty years of research on total quality management in Higher Education: A systematic literature review

Faced with intensified global education competition, universities and other Higher Education institutions are implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) to keep rivals at bay. Meanwhile, research interest in TQM in Higher Education is growing. This paper reviews the achievements and limitations of extant research on TQM in Higher Education, and discusses directions for future research. The paper finds that extant research focuses on (1) teaching and learning but neglects research and industry engagement; (2) an isolated factor (e.g., teacher) but neglects other factors (e.g., facilities); (3) the Higher Education sector in advanced countries but neglects the Higher Education sector in developing countries; and (4) TQM as a phenomenon but neglects theory development and integration. Future research needs to address these limitations, adopt a more holistic perspective, and take a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to TQM in the Higher Education sector.     

Radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for breast cancer liver metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective

To evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and hepatic resection (HR) for breast cancer liver metastases (BCLMs).

Methods

Studies that had examined the outcomes for both RFA and HR for BCLM were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Pooled analyzes of the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and short-term outcomes of BCLM were performed.

Results

Patients with BCLM gained many more survival benefits from HR than from RFA with regard to the 3-year OS rate (combined odds ratio (OR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.59, P<0.001), 5-year OS rate (combined OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.32–0.46, P<0.001), 3-year DFS (combined OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.27–0.49, P<0.001), and 5-year DFS (combined OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.40–0.66, P<0.001). RFA had fewer postoperative complications (combined OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.44, P<0.001) and shorter hospital stays (combined OR -9.01, 95% CI -13.49–4.54, P<0.001) than HR.

Conclusions

HR takes precedence over RFA in the treatment of patients with BCLM, considering the better survival rate. RFA gives rise to fewer complications and can be carried out with a shorter hospital stay, compared to HR. RFA should be reserved for patients who are not optimum candidates for resection.

     

Physical and sexual abuse in orphaned compared to non-orphaned children in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review assessed the quantitative literature to determine whether orphans are more likely to experience physical and/or sexual abuse compared to non-orphans in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It also evaluated the quality of evidence and identified research gaps. Our search identified 10 studies, all published after 2005, from Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya and Uganda. The studies consisted of a total 17,336 participants (51% female and 58% non-orphans). Of those classified as orphans (n = 7,315), 73% were single orphans, and 27% were double orphans. The majority of single orphans were paternal orphans (74%). Quality assessment revealed significant variability in the quality of the studies, although most scored higher for general design than dimensions specific to the domain of orphans and abuse. Combined estimates of data suggested that, compared to non-orphans, orphans are not more likely to experience physical abuse (combined OR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.79, 1.16]) or sexual abuse (combined OR = 1.25, 95% CI [0.88, 1.78]). These data suggest that orphans are not systematically at higher risk of experiencing physical or sexual abuse compared to non-orphans in sub-Saharan Africa. However, because of inconsistent quality of data and reporting, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Several recommendations are made for improving data quality and reporting consistency on this important issue.     

The empirical review of meta-analysis published in Korea

Meta-analysis is a statistical method that is increasingly utilized to combine and compare the results of previous primary studies. However, because of the lack of comprehensive guidelines for how to use meta-analysis, many meta-analysis studies have failed to consider important aspects, such as statistical programs, power analysis, publication bias, model selection, test of heterogeneity, and identification of heterogeneity. Therefore, the current study reviewed 84 meta-analysis studies conducted in Korea to examine proper application of the six categories named above. With regard to the issue of effect sizes, it was found that most of the meta-analysis studies obtained more than ten effect sizes, which seem to be an adequate number for representing an issue. However, many studies failed to consider the other issues: power analysis, publication bias, model selection, test of heterogeneity, and identification of heterogeneity.     

The quality of systematic reviews of effectiveness in literacy learning in English: a ‘tertiary’ review

Recent governments in the United Kingdom have introduced a number of initiatives aimed at improving the literacy levels of children. Policy and practice should be informed by rigorous evidence, and this evidence should be subjected to critical scrutiny. In the present paper the results of a ‘tertiary’ review of systematic reviews in literacy learning are presented. The methods, results and conclusions of 14 systematic reviews, containing meta‐analyses and meeting all the inclusion criteria for the tertiary review, are presented. The quality of the reviews, appraised using an adaptation of the Quality of Reporting of Meta‐analyses statement, is discussed. Overall the quality of the meta‐analyses included in this tertiary review was good; all reviews clearly stated their research question, and their methods of searching for and selecting included studies; most described their data extraction and used some form of quality assessment of included studies. However, six reviews did not make an assessment of publication bias, which is potentially a major threat to the validity of any systematic review. A number of reviews in this tertiary review are judged to be of sufficiently high quality in order to provide reliable evidence for the effectiveness of literacy interventions.     

A systematic review of AI role in the educational system based on a proposed conceptual framework

Education and Information Technologies - Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) is an emerging interdisciplinary field that applies artificial intelligence technologies to transform...