Sustaining motivation and academic goals: The role of academic delay of gratification

This study examined college students' academic delay of gratification; that is, their preference for an immediately available option (e.g., go to a favorite concert the day before a test even though the student is not well-prepared) or a delayed alternative (e.g., stay home studying to get later a good grade in the course). Academic delay of gratification, its motivational determinants (i.e., importance, utility, interest, perceived cost of success, and social expectancy), and students' use of motivation regulation strategies were examined among students identified on the basis of their task-goal orientation, performance-approach-goal orientation, and performance-avoidance-goal orientation using a hierarchical cluster analysis (N = 102). The results supported the notion that academic delay of gratification and its motivational determinants differed as a function of goal orientation. Students in Cluster 1, the high task-goal oriented learners, are high in delay of gratification and have high motivation. Students in Cluster 2, labeled combined high task-high-performance approach, considered the delay of gratification's alternatives as important and useful while perceiving the nondelay alternatives as highly interested and socially beneficial. Students in Cluster 3 were low in all of the three goal orientations and reported low preference for delay of gratification. Academic delay of gratification was discussed in view of the macro-analytic model of Mischel's cognitive—affective personality system.     

Engaging the wider academic community in a postgraduate certificate in academic practice: the issue of standards

This paper critically reflects on the challenges associated with academic standards in a postgraduate certificate in academic practice, which involved the wider academic community of the institution. It is underpinned by a socio-cultural constructivist view that suggests standards do not exist independently of assessors, but are co-constructed by participation in communities of practice through the process of making assessment judgements. Following an outline of the programme design, the discussion focuses on the uncertainties around standards arising from the fragility and fragmentation of a nascent community of practice comprised of a multiplicity of personal standards frameworks and disciplinary perspectives.     

学术认可与学术系统内部的运行规则

赢得学术界的认可对于学者而言具有特殊的意义。它不仅意味着个人的研究成果为他人所接纳,而且也意味着学者本人在学界获得了相应的职业声望、地位和等级等各种资源。因此,学术认可构成了学术共同体内部运行的核心议题。然而学术认可的过程究竟是为个体意义上的自致性因素所主导,还是为社会性因素所建构?揭示和理解学术认可背后的相关规则对于我们考察中国当下的学术制度具有非同寻常的意义。     

奥尼尔悲剧中的雾

奥尼尔悲剧中,雾作为一种大气状态,为剧本提供客观环境。雾更是一个神秘的象征,它使人物染上死亡情结,也具备净化和梦幻功效。作者对雾既诅咒又迷恋的复杂心态使得它承载了丰富的内涵,雾为剧本涂上一层浓厚的象征色彩。雾的神秘性指代了奥尼尔终生探索的"天边外"的神秘力量,反映了他宿命论的人生观。     

近年来学术界有关《钢铁是怎样炼成的》争论述评

本对于近年来有关《钢铁是怎样炼成的》是否经典的学术争论进行了梳理和述评，目前国内争论的主要趋向是，学界普遍认为该作品在反映生活方面缺乏真实性；保尔作为主要形象塑造得不太成功；“全译本”的提法有误，以及成书的过程缺乏完整性和独创性；形成“《钢铁》热”的原因与作品本身的价值无关，因而得出结论：《钢铁是怎样炼成的》只不过是一部具有一定学性的读物，而远没有达到经典名的程度。     

Building community in academic settings: the importance of flexibility in a structured mentoring program

Academic mentoring is increasingly being used by many universities as a tool to enhance the quality of research‐led teaching, promote cross‐faculty collaboration and encourage a mentoring culture and community. This article reports on a pilot project established to investigate the benefits of building flexibility into a structured academic mentoring program at the University of Sydney. Twenty‐six academics from the Faculty of Business and Economics and the Faculty of Education and Social Work participated in the program. The mentors ranged in position from lecturer to professor and the mentees from associate lecturer to senior lecturer. Flexible arrangements were shown to be important in a variety of ways, from the pairing of mentor with mentee, to focussing on issues of work survival and life balance, research outcomes and career advancement. The project highlighted the lower number of male academics involved in formal mentoring, which merits further exploration. All participants reported positive outcomes, although refinement of the pairing process was recommended. A variety of unanticipated outcomes was reported by mentees.     

苔丝悲剧的解读

《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名作家托马斯.哈代最优秀的小说。作品描写了一位贫穷、美丽、善良的农家女子苔丝的短暂而悲惨的一生。本文从社会的悲剧、命运的悲剧、人为的悲剧,这三个方面来解读"堕落女性"——女主人公苔丝的人生悲剧,揭示资本主义发展给英国偏远农村个体小农经济带来的深重灾难。     

Building an online academic learning community among undergraduate students

Online learning communities are frequently created for higher education students; however, these are most often designed to cater to a particular unit or subject. In an effort to strengthen the Bachelor of Arts course at the University of New England, the author sought to create an online space that would promote an interdisciplinary and collegial dialogue among their broad on- and off-campus student cohort. This paper examines the building of an academic community among a large and diverse group of undergraduate students on a Moodle platform. The paper tracks the development of the multi-layered portal from the initial stages of planning to the indicators of strong engagement taken up by students, and eventually leading to the creation of similar portals across the university. In examining this process this paper highlights the shared desire by distance education students and academics for authentic and personal higher education participation regardless of the students’ location.     

论《包法利夫人》悲剧的必然性

《包法利夫人》是法国文学史上一个里程碑式的作品,它和塞万提斯的《唐·吉诃德》有异曲同工之妙,如果说塞万提斯的《唐·吉诃德》是对骑士小说的批判的话,那么福楼拜的《包法利夫人》就是对浪漫主义小说的讽刺。     

论贾环的悲剧

贾环是<红楼梦>中的一个悲剧人物.导致他悲剧的根本原因是封建宗法制度及其影响下的家庭环境对他的精神伤害和不良熏陶,导致他悲剧的关键因素是他的阴暗心理和邪恶抗争手段.贾环的悲剧实质是由一个受害者变成了一个害人者.     

论孔融的悲剧

孔融罪状并非全系“枉状”。它符合孔融后期的性格特点和思想风貌。孔融罪状究其实质。还是一种奇言奇行,是一种个性高扬的表现。它是各种因素共同作用的结果,是孔融非常时期的非常行为。真实的孔融是恪守儒礼、既忠且孝之人。曹探杀害孔融的根本原因还在政治,其它都是附属和派生。由于孔融的政治根性所决定,屡屡触犯曹探的忌讳,终于导致身死族灭的悲剧。     

The academic and the community meet: two Black,female voices

This paper focuses on some of the life histories and presents experiences of two Black, professional women: one, a university, academic researcher (Doreen), and the other, a state nursery head teacher and research gate-keeper (Syble). We united with a mutual purpose, that is to embark on research into the success of Black children, now adults, of a 1970s Black-led, inner-city community nursery. Although sharing a research stage/agenda, the same gender, racial and social class grouping and thus seemingly having much in common, this paper will show that our stories sometimes vary substantially due to distinctive social, geographical, time-frame, career-choice factors, and personal and professional values. Issues such as identity, culture, citizenship, and race and racism will feature strongly here among some matters arising with regards to femininity and social class. The paper will conclude by emphasizing that among a homogeneous, gender and racial grouping of apparent generalities, individuals exist—a frequent oversight, especially with regards to African-Caribbean people.     

从儒家审美理想看白族文学中的悲剧意识

文学艺术中的悲剧意识属于审美范畴。白族文学中悲剧意识的存在表明，儒家审美理想对白族文学的影响客观存在。探讨二者的关系，可以进一步窥管到汉、白文化的融合。     

杨志悲剧之卡塔西斯

本文尝试撇开传统悲剧的冲突分析方法,从我国传统用人制度的用人环境、用人者和人才自身三个方面对我国古典小说《水浒》中人物杨志悲剧的卡塔西斯进行了论述。     

A discourse analysis of collaboration between academic and student affairs in community colleges

The purpose of this study was to understand the nature of collaboration between academic affairs and student affairs units in the community college context from a qualitative perspective. A discourse analysis study was conducted to explore the ways in which collaborative practice was discussed and understood by chief and midlevel academic and student affairs practitioners in three different community college settings. By using their actual practice and desired practice to understand collaboration in this setting, this article offers a definition for academic and student affairs collaboration that has been absent from most literature on the topic.     

不同的海伦,同样的悲剧

海伦作为传说中引起特洛伊之战的绝世美女,成为许多文学创作的灵感之源。众多作品对其是否应该受到谴责以及其最终命运如何等有着不同的说法。本文将试从对《荷马史诗》及欧里庇得斯的两部戏剧,《特洛伊女人》和《海伦》,对海伦的不同描述的分析来阐释其命运中的悲剧色彩,即无论如何被描述,海伦只不过是文学家们根据时代对女性的要求塑造出的形象符号而已,其是非功过的评定标准皆是由男性来界定的。     

苔丝悲惨命运的社会根源

作为19世纪英国批判现实主义最后一住代表哈代在其不朽之作《德伯家的苔丝》中描述了主人公苔丝的悲惨结局并批判了当时维多利亚盛世帷幕掩盖下的资产阶级的虚伪及传统道德的桎梏对苔丝的迫害。但由于其所处时代的阶级局限性．哈代并没有认清苔丝悲剧的社会根源。历史唯物主义从劳动是人类的本质活动出发，揭示了人本身最根本的特点，即人是一种社会存在物．人的本质是一切社会关系的总和。本文拟从人的社会存在的观点来探讨苔丝悲惨命运的社会根源。