概念地图在知识管理中的作用

知识经济时代要求各个组织具有更为有效的知识管理能力,然而,在知识管理的过程中存在着许多的不利因素,致使知识的转化、共享与创新这一知识管理的过程不能有效的进行.概念地图能够提供知识结构的视觉表征.作为一种传达知识的手段,概念地图为文本语言提供了补充.     

体验式教学与研究生个人知识管理能力培养

知识型社会改变了人们传统的知识观,知识管理成为信息时代科技创新的重要手段。研究生是大学知识群体的组成部分,其研究能力的提高和创新思维的培养需要较强的个人知识管理能力作为支撑。隐性知识与显性知识的四种转化方式构成研究生个人知识管理的内在机理,灵感知识管理、过程知识管理、环境知识管理是研究生个人知识管理的重要领域,而体验式教学正是通往知识转化和知识管理的技术桥梁。     

论知识管理在学校管理中的应用与策略

知识经济时代,新的教育改革浪潮使学校面临知识管理的挑战。20世纪末,知识管理理论的兴起及运用为学校知识管理提供了思考的方式与背景。学校知识管理真正的本质应当是对信息与人员的管理,其目的在于对教育知识的创新、生产、储存、转移和共享,使学校成为知识型的组织。基于知识管理理论,学校知识管理的策略包括明确责任、强化知识管理意识与能力;创造条件,促成外明知识的转化及吸收;建构共生和协同发展的管理生态,促成学校成员内隐知识的共享;促进学校同外部知识之间的互动与整合;将知识管理与学校的绩效结合起来。     

论教师知识管理能力的提升

教师是学校知识的传播主体,教师的知识管理能力是教师专业发展的推动力,决定着学校的竞争力和未来的发展。教师在认知上能掌握知识管理的理论知识和了解其目的,在技能上能熟练地去获取、转化、运用和保护知识,这是提升教师知识管理能力的基础。但开放的态度和尊重学术的价值观才是提升教师知识管理能力的根本。     

Exploring the factors that influence knowledge sharing between academics

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of organisational and individual factors on the knowledge sharing behaviour of UK academics. Although there a few articles that explore knowledge sharing between academics in an Asian context, there is currently only one article that explores this topic in a UK context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 academics to gather insights into their views on the factors that affect knowledge sharing. Findings demonstrated that academics are prepared to share different types of knowledge; a range of factors affecting this process were highlighted by interviewees. Trust was discussed more than other individual factors and was often associated with social exchange. Culture was described by most interviewees as collaborative and leaders were generally considered to have integrity, but often did not themselves share knowledge. Regular face-to-face contact was emphasised as being critical for knowledge sharing. This study demonstrates there is a culture of trust in most departments and academics are willing to share knowledge with their colleagues. They do, however, believe that the matrix structure, that is typical of academic departments, has resulted in unclear roles and responsibilities, which could hinder the design of structures to promote collaboration and sharing.     

知识管理评价文献综评

作为知识管理的重要组成部分,知识管理评价旨在帮助企业找出提高企业绩效的关键因素并及时采取有效措施,提升知识管理的能力与水平。本文通过对国内外知识管理评价相关文献的整理,比较系统地对知识管理的评价的文献进行了综评,反映了知识管理评价的趋势和研究这一问题的目的及意义。     

Managing knowledge performance: testing the components of a knowledge management system on organizational performance

The main purpose of the current study is to validate the framework of knowledge management (KM) capabilities created by Gold (Towards a theory of organizational knowledge management capabilities. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) 2001) in a study of South Korean companies. However, the original framework did not provide a thorough explanation of the effect of incentives, which motivate and encourage the knowledge management process. In this study, the modified framework that includes incentives in the knowledge infrastructure capability was tested. Moreover, since there is a weak linkage between KM and organizational performance, this study used empirical evidence to identify the relationship between KM capabilities (KMC) and four perspectives of organizational performance. Since structural equation modeling (SEM) is mostly used to describe causal relationships among unobserved (latent) and observed variables, this study used SEM procedures to determine whether there were any structural relationships between knowledge management capabilities and four perspectives of organizational performance. Moreover, the SEM procedure is “a statistical test to find whether a model fits a set of data, whether it matches a theoretical expectation” (Vogt, Dictionary of statistics & methodology. Sage Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, p 135, 2005). Therefore, this study also used SEM procedures to test a hypothesized model that had a good fit indicates that the model adequately describes the sample data. This study assumed that knowledge management capabilities could be divided into two types: knowledge infrastructure and process capabilities. The original hypothesized model showed that there was a positive relationship between knowledge management capabilities and organizational performance, but the overall model fit was insufficient to be accepted, because knowledge infrastructure and process capabilities were highly correlated. This study proposed two alternative models to find the best fit and found that knowledge infrastructure and process capabilities should be combined under the higher-order latent variable as subordinate latent variables. Lastly, there was a positive relationship between KMC and organizational performance. This study might not be free from common method bias to some degrees. It would be better to divide participants into two groups to respond to either the knowledge management capabilities survey or the organizational performance survey and to investigate the correlation between them. There are two main contributions for the field of knowledge management. First, this study attempted to integrate the fragmented literature of knowledge management into a holistic view and develop a framework for knowledge management. Moreover, this study found that there is a strong and positive relationship between KM infrastructure and process, which could refer that, to improve organizational performance, an organization should support KM processes, as well as build decent KM infrastructure. The results of this study would help KM practitioners to advocate the importance of KM to top managements.     

高校教师个体知识管理绩效评价体系及方法

教师个体知识管理绩效评价的目的在于帮助教师找出影响其绩效提高的关键因素,并及时采取有效措施提高知识管理水平.提出一个四维的教师个体知识管理绩效评价体系,并尝试使用由LWD算子和LOWA算子构造出的综合评价方法对其评价.     

Gender and Management in HEIs: Changing organisational and management structures

This paper reports on the second phase of a multi-country study examining cross cultural perspectives of gender and management in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It examines the broader labour market context and legislative frameworks for higher education in each country and then analyses the literature on women in university management. The paper presents the findings of research with male and female senior managers about their perceptions of women as HEI managers within changing organisational and management structures. It concludes that although HEI’s are now largely aware of barriers to women getting into and on in senior management, they have not addressed the organisational structures and cultures that perpetuate this inequity.

     

Gender and Management in HEIs: Changing organisational and management structures

This paper reports on the second phase of a multi‐country study examining cross cultural perspectives of gender and management in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It examines the broader labour market context and legislative frameworks for higher education in each country and then analyses the literature on women in university management. The paper presents the findings of research with male and female senior managers about their perceptions of women as HEI managers within changing organisational and management structures. It concludes that although HEI’s are now largely aware of barriers to women getting into and on in senior management, they have not addressed the organisational structures and cultures that perpetuate this inequity.     

知识管理:政府管理的新资源

发端于企业的知识管理,已经在政府管理中对政府的流程再造、官僚体制的改革、政府知识创新等诸多方面产生深刻影响,成为政府管理的新资源。     

Work integrated learning for engineering qualifications: a spanner in the works?

Work-integrated learning (WIL) has been identified as a way of equipping graduates with attributes that make them work-ready. Many higher education institutions (HEIs) require their students to go through a compulsory work place learning form (WPL) of WIL. The complications of WPL can affect HEIs’ student throughput. To address this challenge, a university of technology (UoT) in South Africa is curriculating engineering diplomas and degrees which do not make WPL a compulsory module. This is in line with the new Higher Education Qualifications Sub-framework and Engineering Council of South Africa requirements. We employed in-depth interviews to gain an insight into the new programmes without WPL. Our findings indicate that WPL, in its current form, does not make graduates work-ready. Employers use it either to get extra cheap labour or as a recruitment process. It is envisaged that the new programme will increase the UoT’s throughput without adverse effects on the graduates’ attributes. These findings have important implications for HEIs, students and employers. It implies that HEIs will greatly improve throughput, which is desirable for both the HEIs and the students. For employers, this means they will have qualified people who might need higher wages, in comparison with students on WPL and they will need to plan for more in-house induction.     

Sustaining change in a learning organization

Abstract

This article looks at how the application of the concept of a ‘learning organisation’ can be used at a specific organisation in South Africa to change the work performance of its employees. We do this by exploring different theories, models and definitions of organisational learning, learning organisation, organisational knowledge and knowledge management in the field, and against this background examine the perceptions of employees at a South African Organisation. The article underpins this approach by uniquely balancing conceptual rigour with practical experiences of employees at this institution. The view is taken that organisations are living systems that have the capacity to renew themselves by continuously reflecting on their practices and thereby create new knowledge, share and leverage it. Knowledge acquisition and sharing is closely linked to the core values of the organisation in order to achieve business competitiveness, set goals, efficiency, and overall strategic success. The purpose of this article is to understand how an organisation's training department could use the concept of a learning organisation within the South African context to sustain change. To achieve this objective we (the researchers) used a qualitative research paradigm. A phenomenological design presented the research with opportunities to analyse, interpret, and describe the perceptions, feelings and experiences of the participants at the organisation. Eight semi-structured individual interviews provided data for the purposes of this research. The data was analysed to identify categories, themes and sub-themes. The five main themes discussed are organisational learning, organisational culture, organisational change, globalisation and knowledge management and these were linked to the theory of learning organisations and were based on the findings.     

在教育组织中应用知识管理的理论研究

知识管理的思想已被引入教育领域,但目前我国教育学工作者的理论研究还存在认识不够准确、论证不够全面、建议偏宏观等一些问题。教育组织中的知识管理应当聚焦于组织效率,并把“知识管理”视为一种进化的术语,从而挖掘知识管理中人的因素。在教育环境下教育组织具有特殊性。     

论"知识管理"模式下的图书馆建设

文章阐述了知识管理和图书馆知识管理的内涵，并图书馆知识管理的内容，以及在新形式下图书馆的知识管理策略；同时指出以“知识管理”模式指导图书馆建设的迫切性和必要性。     

论基于知识管理的数字参考咨询服务

数字参考咨询服务面临来自多方面的压力与挑战,将知识管理理念引入数字参考咨询服务,是开创参考咨询服务新局面的一项有力举措。在分析知识管理的内涵与主要内容的基础上,概括了知识管理与参考咨询服务的契合关系,提出基于知识管理的数字参考咨询服务的关键举措：激励和开发咨询馆员隐性知识资源,组建以知识为基础的专家系统等。     

高等学校法律事务管理工作刍议

在高等教育领域落实依法治国方略,就要求高等学校积极推进依法治校工作,进一步提高学校管理法律事务的水平和能力.目前高等学校法律事务管理中存在一些问题亟待解决.加强高等学校法律事务管理是依法治国和适应社会主义市场经济发展的需要,是推进依法治校的需要,是维护学校权益的需要,也是建立现代大学制度的需要.国内很多高等学校目前都在进行法律事务管理实践,笔者也在实践中提出了建立完善的高等学校法律事务管理模式的思路和建议.     

浅析高校教务管理组织知识资源的开发与利用

创建学习型高校教务管理组织是近年来高校提升教务管理水平的重要方式,从知识表现形式分类的角度,认识教务管理组织内部隐藏的各类知识资源,以此明晰教务管理组织内部的知识组成,以及各类知识资源的存在状态与彼此关系,从而使高校教务管理组织能够更有针对性地挖掘与利用知识资源,全面提升高校教务管理组织的工作水平。     

基于知识共享的企业组织结构变革

知识共享是知识提供者和接受者之间对知识进行双向传递、吸收和应用的过程.传统的科层制因过分强调分工、集权、秩序和等级正成为知识共享的桎梏.企业要实施知识管理和共享战略,必须根据知识特性和有利共享的组织内部环境要求来不断调整和变革企业组织结构.