Gender and prestige in Swedish academia: Exploring senior management in universities and university colleges

This article highlights the multifaceted character of the Swedish higher education sector and investigates senior academic management positions from a gender perspective using theories about an academic prestige economy and academic capitalism. The focus is on an aspect often overseen in research on Swedish academia: the distinction between universities and university colleges. The analysis draws on interviews with 22 women in senior management positions in Swedish higher education and a quantitative mapping of the Vice-Chancellor and Pro-Vice-Chancellor positions in universities and university colleges between 1990 and 2015. The results illustrate that the academic prestige economy is interwoven with both gender and academic capitalism and produce different working conditions and requirements for senior managers at universities and university colleges.     

美国社区大学

以美国伊里诺州TRITON学院为例，通过对学位及证书教育、大学预科教育、职业教育等的教学计划和教学方式的论述和分析，说明了美国是如何开办社区大学的，这对我国将要建立社区大学的计划具有参考意义。     

研究型大学在美国科技研发中的地位与作用

科技研发活动(R&D)在本质上促进了美国的知识创新和经济增长。研究型大学是美国科技研发,特别是基础研究的重要执行部门。美国研究型大学在数量上占全部高校的6%左右,却从联邦政府获得大部分科技研发经费,发表大量的科技论文,培养了超过60%的科学工程博士毕业生,获取超过90%的高校专利。这表明美国研究型大学的科技研发是知识生产与人才培养的良好结合,是研究型大学履行职责、服务社会的有效方式。     

科学研究与美国研究型大学

本文追溯了美国研究型大学的历史发展,分析了科学研究在美国研究型大学形成中的作用以及取得今日成就的原因,描绘了其当前面临的挑战,并指出了要继续谱写辉煌所需应对的问题.     

The effect of school starting age policy on crime: Evidence from U.S. microdata

Does school starting age policy have an impact on the propensity of individuals to commit crime as adults? Using microdata from the U.S. Census, we find that a higher school starting age cutoff leads to lower rates of incarceration among both those directly affected by the laws and those only indirectly affected. However, the reduction in incarceration among those directly affected is smaller in magnitude, implying that the delay itself was harmful with respect to crime outcomes. These findings provide further support for early childhood interventions influencing future criminal activity.     

美国研究型大学的教育改革与创新——以杜克大学为例

杜克大学在短时间内成功实现从一所地区性大学向全国一流大学的跨越,教育创新功不可没.本文在对杜克大学成功的原因进行深入分析后发现,先进的教育理念、前瞻性的发展规划、完善的资金管理与筹措制度、教学模式和管理体制的创新是研究型大学实现跨越式发展的重要途径.     

马里兰大学及美国高校的捐赠工作

介绍了对美国教育体制的感性认识和美国的教育捐赠;指出了马里兰大学的捐赠工作及校友工作对江南大学开展相关工作有很大的启示和帮助。     

浅析面临挑战与机遇的美国研究型大学本科教育

存在于美国研究型大学中由来已久的教学与科研的紧张关系直接导致本科教育的削弱和水平下降。文章分别从本科教育的五项内容－－课程、学生、教学、校园文化和师资所存在的问题与应该达到要求出发，探寻了研究型大学本科教育的定位及优势；并指出了今后研究型大学本科教育的发展趋势；利用优势重构系统，树立以学生为中心的观念，走与工业企业结构、提高学生创造能力的途径。     

Pomp and circumstance: University presidents and the role of human capital in determining who leads U.S. research institutions

While there is wide agreement that leaders matter, little is known regarding the role that human capital plays in determining who becomes one. We exploit unique attributes of the higher education industry to examine if training and academic ability affect the placement of university presidents within the research hierarchy of U.S. institutions. The analysis uses two data sets drawn from the American College President Survey conducted over three decades and a digitized sample of 212 curriculum vitae for presidents at top U.S. universities in 2009, to model the factors that determine who among the pool of university presidents places at Carnegie-classified research institutions. The findings suggest the rise to the presidency of a research institution depends on the investments in research-specific human capital over the entire course of a career consistent with prior evidence that the knowledge of the research enterprise is critical to the success of such institutions.     

美国战后政策对日本右翼势力泛起的影响

战后美国从其全球战略出发,在其主导下对日本进行了改革,随着冷战和美苏争霸的全面展开,美国对日政策由抑制改为扶植,减轻对日惩罚,对日改革半途而废,可以说美国的战后政策与日本右翼势力泛起密不可分;日本右翼势力再度泛起,对亚太和平特别是东北亚区域安全构成了潜在的威胁。     

美国新世纪教师质量公平配置政策及实施探析

美国于2002年初正式出台了教师质量公平配置的联邦政策,实施至今已近十年。该政策指出了在实施中的重点难点,分析了有关对策的得失,并通过反思美国推进该政策的经验,对解决我国中小学教师配置失衡问题有启示作用。     

美国研究型大学医学院的研究中心和研究所

本文是一篇由Mallon博士和Bunton博士主持的有关美国研究型大学医学院研究中心和研究所情况的描述性研究，作者报告了604个研究中心和研究所的状况，包括研究中心和研究所的规模、所涉及的领域、研究人员的构成以及活动范围。原文已发表在美国医学教育杂志上（Academic Medicine2005，80（11））。     

Quality assurance in Europe and the U.S.: Professional and political economic framing of higher education policy

In this article we study globalization in termsof the diffusion of quality assurance modelsand practices between two ``core' regions, theU.S. and Europe, as well as within Europe,concentrating particularly on Germany andAustria. We examine the timing of theemergence and diffusion of quality assuranceand relatedly of strategic managementpractices. We then consider the prominence ofU.S. models and voices in Europe, addressingthe professional and political economic framingof higher education policies. Finally, weexplore local variations in the meanings andpractices of quality assurance and strategicmanagement. We emphasize the ways in which inthese ``core' settings, professionals areimplicated in the diffusion and adaptation ofpolicies and practices in higher education,even as their activities are shaped by largerstructures of global professional and politicaleconomies.     

美国大学捐赠基金的谨慎投资者规则及其启示

谨慎投资者规则是指导受托人投资基金的行为指引,在美国大学捐赠基金的保值和增值过程中起到了积极作用.从谨慎人规则演变到谨慎投资者规则顺应了市场需求,体现了捐赠基金投资多样化和回报最大化的客观要求.美国大学捐赠基金的谨慎投资者规则启示我们应规范我国大学捐赠基金在资本市场的投资活动,须启动相关立法工作,完善相关法律.     

美国公立大学教育创新成功案例探析——以加州大学蒙特瑞分校(CSUMB)为例

本文分析了位于蒙特瑞海湾加州州立大学分校创新成功的根本原因.大量财政支持固然重要,但CSUMB的创新定位,围绕课程和教学创新的核心思想形成一定凝聚力,是取得成功的关键因素;同时公共政策对该校创新实践的支持也对创新的成功起到了促进作用.     

大学自治与政府干预:英国大学-政府关系的变迁历程

大学自治一直被认为是大学最基本的特征,但随着时代的发展,政府对大学的干预实际上一刻也没有停止过。本文剖析了英国政府干预逐步加深的过程,对英国大学与政府间的缓冲器——大学拨款委员会的兴衰给予说明,最后对英国大学一政府关系的变迁历程提出阐释。     

Student Evaluations as Effective Indicators of Learning Outcomes:Evidence from Japanese University Students in English Language Courses

The term"student learning outcomes"refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilitiesthat students achieve during a course, and is typically assessed based on student evaluations conducted at the end of the semester. Previous studies in this area have investigated the effects of instructional quality and academic demands separately and have been limited primarily to examining findings using student samples fromthe United States. With Japanese college students' perceptions of self-improvementin English language courses as the dependent variable, the present study directly tests the hypothesis that students who perceive instructional quality to be higher, andcourse demands to be greater, also estimate higher levels of self-improvement in English language skills. The analysis provides strong support for this hypothesis.Higher ratings of instruction and academic demands have already beenshown to increase levels of student learning(Greimel-Fuhrmann and Geyer 2003;Nois and Hudson 2006; Mc Fadden and Dart 1992). The present study is the first toprovide direct evidence of the relative importance of student evaluations ofinstructional quality and academic demands as predictors of student learning and thefirst ever to do so with a sample of Japanese college students enrolled in a required English as a foreign language course. Our hypothesis is that Japanese students whoperceive instructional quality to be higher, and course demands to be greater,estimate higher levels of self-improvement in English language skills. Thus we test Japanese students' attitudes toward instructional quality and course demands asindependent variables predicting their perceptions of self-improvement in English language courses. The research focuses on Japanese students' improvement in English language skills because English education in Japan is an arena in which thedebate over limited English proficiency rages on, and because other research suggests reconsideration of English education in light of the demands of the rapidly expanding global era(Amaki 2008).     

20世纪90年代大学与校办科技企业的关系及其变动——以北大校办科技企业为案例的社会学分析

20世纪90年代校办科技企业的大规模兴起与衰退的发展过程,充分展示了我国大学、政府与校企的复杂关系。大学再生产的需要给予校办科技企业发展的合法性,政府、大学与校企之间的“声望等级制”是校企得以迅速扩展的关键因素,而校企的混合体制有利于校企有效地利用这种声望等级制。但这种混合体制和大学组织的特点,导致大学难以有效管理校企和确保大学的利益,最终使校、企的互动关系在90年代后期陷入僵局,从而导致校企在大学中的再次边缘化及大学与校企的分离。     

Students positioned as global citizens in Australian and New Zealand universities: A discourse analysis

ABSTRACT

Higher education plays a critical role in producing society’s leaders by preparing graduates with the knowledge, capabilities and disposition to appreciate diversity and address social injustice. Many higher education institutions within and beyond Australia have aimed to internationalise their curricula to ensure students achieve capabilities that enable them to contribute to an evolving global knowledge economy. However, the inclusion of global citizenship as a graduate attribute embedded in internationalised curricula, and the processes to achieving this, are highly contested. Guided by a discourse analysis approach, this study explored how Australian and New Zealand universities position students as global citizens in public web pages. Publicly available policy and other text documents on university websites relating to internationalisation and/or global citizenship were collected and screened. Those that met inclusion criteria were analysed to identify discourses and to further understand how higher education institutions describe their plan to advance and achieve global citizenship agendas. Two key themes were generated: expressions of internationalisation policy and global citizenship as an obscured educational intention. These findings are further elaborated, providing an outline of the possible implications for higher education policy and practice relating to the internationalisation of curriculum for global citizenship and its potential impact on educators and students.     

“放蒋出笼”:50年代的美国远东新战略

本文阐述了50年代美国远东新战略的形成及其结果,认为它是冷战前提下美国遏制中国政策的产物,这种政策不变,则中美两国关系的僵局就无法打破。