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自2002年以来,日本的一些研究人员开始对学业成就和社会阶层的关系进行调查研究。本文使用“日本教育纵向调查”的2003年数据考察影响儿童学业成就的诸因素以及这些因素的外延,主要分析结果为:1、某地方小城市的调查结果显示各社会阶层儿童的学业成就差距相对较小;2、位于首都圈的某中等城市的调查结果显示儿童的学业成就受到教育费支出、教育期待和家庭收入的影响。 相似文献
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Maria Papapolydorou 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2014,35(4):559-577
This paper draws on social capital theory to discuss the way social class plays out in the friendships of teenage students. Based on data from individual interviews and focus groups with 75 students in four London secondary schools, it is suggested that students tend to form friendships with people who belong to the same social-class background as them. Social-class ‘sameness’ is considered to be an element that importantly exemplifies the quality of their friendships, and hence close, inter-class friendships were significantly less common than close, intra-class ones. In addition, class differentials were evident and often reproduced by students, even in the context of the rarer inter-class friendships. This paper concludes that social class is of continuous importance in teenagers’ lives and despite some agentic negotiation of class boundaries, as in the case of omnivorousness, students’ friendship networks are dynamically informed by class inequalities. 相似文献
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Lower secondary school teachers from six different schools in one Norwegian municipality reported on the prevalence of problems among pupils entering lower secondary school and types of problems among pupils in Grades 8–10. Teachers report that the transition from Elementary to Lower secondary school is problematic for approximately 30% of the pupils. About 70% of the teachers report that 25% or more of pupils transitioning to Grade 8 lack academic experiences and skills and have problems following directions. There is also a tendency for teachers who report higher values on professional (un)certainty about pupils' learning and on two efficacy variables included in the study, to be more favourably inclined towards inclusion of children who are perceived as having learning or behaviour problems. Additionally, teachers who report higher values on efficacy scales tend to report lower values on problems among pupils, and teachers who are less favourable towards inclusion report higher numbers of pupils having problems. The results are discussed in relation to schools as workplaces and professional development for pre‐service and in‐service teachers. 相似文献
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Dean Lusher 《Gender and education》2011,23(6):655-675
This study utilises a quantitative case study social network approach to explore the connection between masculinity and scholastic achievement in two secondary, all-boys schools in Australia. In both schools two social networks representing social status are explored: the friendship network as a measure of status that includes emotional investment, and the influence network as a measure of status without emotion. Results demonstrate that for both schools the friendship network is not associated with academic achievement, though boys with similar levels of academic application cluster together. However, for the influence network there are effects related to achievement, application and attitudes toward an anti-academic/masculinity connection, as too toward ethno-cultural background. The results differ by school and show the importance of local context. However, similarities in the schools show that masculine identities may be engaged in the social interactions of students, ones which engage masculine stereotypes in public but not in private. 相似文献
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张乐 《沈阳教育学院学报》2011,13(3):22-24
阐述了旧的教学文化的主要体现:本土教学文化与外来教学文化冲突,传统教学文化与现代教学文化的冲突,教师文化与学生文化的冲突,都对当时的课堂教学改革造成了不良影响。在分析传统教学文化冲突的基础上提出了新的教学文化转型——文化自觉下的课堂教学。认为文化自觉下的课堂教学改革应在当前社会背景之下把握现代教学观,以学生的发展为核心研究域,力促课堂教学的本土化生成。 相似文献
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Anita Norlund 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(5):659-678
This article uses a Bernsteinian approach to explore, examine, and theorize about an activity in the upper-secondary curriculum within the Swedish Language subject. Based on an examination of the interplay between different educational actors in this recontextualization process the possibilities for pupils with different social backgrounds and their possibilities to gain access to valuable knowledge are delineated. The analysis is conducted in relation to a specific classroom activity called ‘reading critically’, of which four different aspects are described, each of which in its own way illustrates how didactic choices are justified in general and also specifically for pupils from different social backgrounds. Finally, an attempt is made to examine the findings in light of the recent neo-liberal turn in education in Sweden. 相似文献
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Amy Elizabeth Stich Todd D. Reeves 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2016,37(1):116-132
In this paper, we critically analyze institutional mission statements as discursive texts replete with symbolic meaning, as we believe these texts reveal a great deal about the ways in which higher education remains increasingly stratified. We argue that beneath the generalized rhetoric of institutional mission statements, lie powerful messages seemingly coded with varying forms of class-based academic capital. We further argue that these messages reflect two distinct, competing discourses surrounding the purpose and value of higher education, that parallel the stratification of the larger system itself. Findings reveal evidence of these competing discourses and contribute to larger discussions surrounding educational inequality. 相似文献
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Addressing the ‘the social class attainment gap’ in education has become a government priority in England. Despite multiple initiatives, however, little has effectively addressed the underachievement of working‐class pupils within the classroom. In order to develop clearer understandings of working‐class underachievement at this level, this small research study focused on local social processes by exploring how secondary school teachers identified and addressed underachievement in their classrooms. Our analysis shows how teachers’ identifications of underachieving pupils overlapped with, and were informed by, their tacit understanding of pupils’ social class position. While many teachers resisted the influence of social class, they used stereotypes to justify their practice and expectations, positioning pupils within educational and occupational hierarchies. This, we conclude, suggests the need for more systematic attention to the micro‐social processes that provide the conditions through which working‐class underachievement is produced. 相似文献
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黄娟 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2013,(11)
吉登斯的阶级思想是在"批判"历史唯物主义阶级思想的基础上提出的。吉登斯讨论了阶级的本质、阶级社会的类型以及阶级斗争等问题。这些思想带有强烈的资产阶级意识形态性,但是也不乏一些闪光点,对此,我们要有正确的认识。 相似文献
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José Joaquín Brunner;Mario Alarcón; 《European Journal of Education》2024,59(4):e12798
This article analyses academics' perceptions of work management and their job satisfaction in Chilean universities, using a multi-level approach (macro, meso and micro) to study changes in the academic environment. It is based on the survey ‘The Academic Profession in the Knowledge-Based Society’ (APIKS) with data from 11 universities and 1258 valid responses. Three groups of academics are identified according to whether they are engaged in research, teaching or a balance of both. The results of the study show that, at the university level, resource allocation favours teaching, while individual recognition tends to favour research. Institutionally, teaching is prioritised because of its economic impact, but individually, research is more highly valued. This picture reflects a hybrid management model, with tendencies towards de-professionalisation in teaching and entrepreneurialisation in research. Despite these pressures, academics report high levels of job satisfaction, an aspect that requires further research. 相似文献
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姜朝晖 《河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,35(1):148-151
学术期刊负有遏制学术不端行为的社会责任,对营造良好学术生态的形成具有重要的作用。学术期刊的社会责任主要表现在引领科学研究方向、实现研究成果的积极转化、促进学术界之间的交流、奖掖与培养学界新人等方面。为了有效发挥学术期刊的社会责任,需要加强学术期刊的制度化建设,提升编辑的个人素养,切实提高所发论文的质量;同时,在经费上,政府和所在单位对学术期刊应予以大力支持。 相似文献
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随着大学与象牙塔之外的社会结合越来越紧密,作为高深知识的制度保障的学术自由也不得不面对社会环境对其产生的影响和监督。知识本身的发展和大学组织的变化,在一定程度上改变了大学和学术自由的原始意义,使得大学和学术自由在保留了其本质精华的基础上,又在内涵和外延的边界上不断发生着变化。本文分析了学术职业中的学术自由与社会责任、学术自律、学术规范的关系。认为,高深知识的发展使大学的学术自由与学术责任越来越相互交融。伴随着社会知识化与知识社会化的进程,学术自由越深入,它对学术职业的责任、伦理和自律的要求也就越高。 相似文献
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Moosung Lee 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2010,31(6):779-792
This article discusses conceptual considerations for social capital research in education from a social network perspective. Specifically, the article raises three key conceptual issues that call for further elaboration of concepts of social capital: redefining potential resources as accessible but un‐utilized sources of social capital; differentiating social capital itself from the process of social capital formation; and investigating both network orientation of resource‐seekers and willingness of resource‐givers. Based on these three conceptual issues, the article suggests conceptual considerations relevant to each issue for social capital research in education. 相似文献
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Mean or median student growth percentiles (MGPs) are a popular measure of educator performance, but they lack rigorous evaluation. This study investigates the error in MGP due to test score measurement error (ME). Using analytic derivations, we find that errors in the commonly used MGP are correlated with average prior latent achievement: Teachers with low prior achieving students have MGPs that underestimate true teacher performance and vice versa for teachers with high achieving students. We evaluate alternative MGP estimators, showing that aggregates of SGP that correct for ME only contain errors independent of prior achievement. The alternatives are thus more fair because they are not biased by prior mean achievement and have smaller overall variance and larger marginal reliability than the Standard MGP approach. In addition, the mean estimators always outperform their median counterparts. 相似文献
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论学术自由的社会控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
跟学校管理相比,社会控制是对学术自由的更大侵害。这在孔子和苏格拉底的故事以及大学学术发展的历史中都有体现。学术自由带来的知识探索对国家和社会既有利又有潜在威胁,知识的有用性和权力性使得社会对学术自由的控制丝毫不敢懈怠。面对脆弱的学术自由,作为“思想者”的学者应以内在坚定的“学术自,由”信念,策略性地突破外在限制而实现实质的学术自由,以不辱学者之使命。 相似文献
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埃米·古特曼是美国当代著名政治理论家,她提出的民主教育思想影响非常广泛。文章对她的这一思想进行了介绍和分析,把其定性为一种商议民主的教育理论,并把其主要内容总结为三个方面。最后,简要分析了她的理论对于我国当前教育问题的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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分析了我国农村社会现状和社会阶层。作者认为只有在此分析基础上才能切实贯彻落实党在农村的基本路线方针,深化农村经济体制改革,开创农村工作新局面。 相似文献
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学业求助是一种非常重要的自我调控学习策略,学生在学业中遇到困难时如何去求助对其学业及社会化发展都有很大的影响。前人从课堂上的成就目标结构、课堂气氛及其他不同角度研究了课堂环境对学业求助的影响,这些研究对课堂教育有重要的启示作用。未来研究应该在扩展目标定向与学业求助的关系、重视学业求助的发展与干预研究、改进研究方法、扩展研究内容等方面有所突破,以促进学业求助研究的进一步发展与创新。 相似文献