禽流感病毒与人类禽流感

禽流感病毒属甲型流感病毒，主要引起禽类流感。1997年首次证明禽 流感病毒(A/Ho ng Kong/156/97)H5N1亚型可感染人，其后在我国内地、香港及荷兰等地又至少发生了5起禽 流感病毒的人间感染。目前，禽流感病毒正在我国及亚洲部分地区肆虐，已造成很大的经济 损失和社会影响，禽流感已成为严重危害人类健康的新发传染病。本文拟就禽流感病毒的基 因特征、致病性及特异检测等方面的进展做一综述。     

百色市林下鸡场禽流感免疫抗体消长情况检测报告

使用重组禽流感灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-5株)、禽流感H5+H9(Re-5、Re-2株)二价灭活疫苗对百色市林下鸡场灵山土鸡开展免疫,免疫后采样检测H5、H9抗体水平。结果表明,1次免疫与2次加强免疫抗体高峰值分别在免疫后45d、60d,60 d后1次免疫鸡群抗体开始衰退;1次免疫H5+H9二价苗比1次免疫H5单价苗H5抗体衰退速度较慢;H9抗体滴度普遍高于H5并且衰退速度慢;二次免疫的抗体水平普遍高于一次免疫,抗体水平与免疫次数呈正相关系。     

八钼酸哌啶鎓盐的合成和性质研究

以钼酸钠（Na2MoO4.2H2O）、哌啶（C5H11N）为原料,在水中合成了电荷转移盐,并在硝基甲烷（CH3NO2）中重结晶得到电荷转移盐（C5H10NH2）3[HMo8O26].3H2O。通过红外光谱、紫外-可见光光谱、热分析等对该化合物进行了初步表征。红外光谱显示固态时标题化合物的八钼酸根与有机基团间存在相互作用。热重研究表明标题化合物的失重分三个阶段。     

高致病性禽流感正在给人类带来严重威胁

高致病性禽流感是由高致病性禽流感病毒所引起的禽类烈性传染病， 发病急，传播 快，致死率高，对养殖业可造成致命性的打击。在1997年香港禽流感事件中，H5亚型高致病 性禽流感病毒因其首次突破了种间障碍，引起了全世界的震惊。虽然该事件无法与以往的人流感的大流行或禽流感的大暴发相比，但却拉开了禽流感病毒直接感染人并致人死亡的序幕 。不幸的是，H5亚型高致病性禽流感自2003年12月在韩国首次暴发以来，目前已遍及亚洲十 余个国家及地区，并在越南和泰国发生了人类感染并致死亡的事件。我国自2004年1月27日 在广西报道高致病性禽流感以来，至今已在十余个省市陆续发生，形势非常严峻。 因此，对禽流感病毒的种间传播及致病机制、流感病毒的分子变异机理、新 型流感病毒的预测、禽流感病毒的快速诊断及人用疫苗的研制等方面开展系统、深入的研究 迫在眉睫，为从根本上控制和防治禽流感提供理论依据和技术支撑。本文同时叙述了人感染 H5亚型高致病性禽流感的临床发病情况和日常预防措施。     

从H5N1论文之争看科学伦理和监管

2011年11月,荷兰和日本科学家人工合成出可在雪貂之间传播的致命流感H5N1病毒株,引发了轩然大波,支持者和反对者阵营都提出了鲜明的观点。科学研究的速度和公共安全之间的矛盾凸显出来。围绕着这一问题也引发了关于科学伦理和科学监管的讨论。     

中国金丝桃属金丝桃组(藤黄科)新分类群

描述了中国云南北部的金丝桃属Hypericum L.(藤黄科)两个新种,即楚雄金丝桃H. fosteri N. Robson和漾濞金丝桃H. wardianum N. Robson。二者均与短柱金丝桃H. hookerianum Wight &; Arn.相近。楚雄金丝桃为一地方特有种,目前仅在模式地点发现;漾濞金丝桃在缅甸东北部还有分布。二者主要以蒴果伸长,非卵状近球形,萼片无中脉而有别于短柱金丝桃。此外,将宽萼金丝桃H. latisepalum (N. Robson) N. Robson从亚种提升为种;将变异较大的纤枝金丝桃H. lagarocladum N. Robson划分为两个亚种,即叶较宽、具有开张习性的原亚种纤枝金丝桃H. lagarocladum ssp. lagarocladum和叶较窄、更为直立的新亚种狭叶金丝桃H. lagarocladum ssp. angustifolium N. Robson。     

束－气反应Ba＋ClC_2H_2Br、Ba＋C_3H_5Br、Ba＋n－C_3H

在分子束－气条件下，研究了反应Ｂａ＋ＣｌＣ２Ｈ２Ｂｒ、Ｂａ＋Ｃ３Ｈ５Ｂｒ、Ｂａ＋ｎ－Ｃ３Ｈ７Ｂｒ，得到了这些反应的产物ＢａＢｒ的ＬＩＦ光谱。考察了烯烃中双键对反应的影响。结果表明：溴丙烯中双键的存在使产物ＢａＢｒ的振动激发和反应截面增大，溴氯乙烯中双键的存在使产物的振动激发和反应截面减小，而氯原子的存在对产物的振动激发有促进作用。     

Lay perceptions of collectives at the outbreak of the H1N1 epidemic: heroes, villains and victims

Lay perceptions of collectives (e.g., groups, organizations, countries) implicated in the 2009 H1N1 outbreak were studied. Collectives serve symbolic functions to help laypersons make sense of the uncertainty involved in a disease outbreak. We argue that lay representations are dramatized, featuring characters like heroes, villains and victims. In interviews conducted soon after the outbreak, 47 Swiss respondents discussed the risk posed by H1N1, its origins and effects, and protective measures. Countries were the most frequent collectives mentioned. Poor, underdeveloped countries were depicted as victims, albeit ambivalently, as they were viewed as partly responsible for their own plight. Experts (physicians, researchers) and political and health authorities were depicted as heroes. Two villains emerged: the media (viewed as fear mongering or as a puppet serving powerful interests) and private corporations (e.g., the pharmaceutical industry). Laypersons' framing of disease threat diverges substantially from official perspectives.     

Emerging coordination and knowledge transfer process during disease outbreak

When multiple agencies respond to a disease outbreak (i.e., H1N1 and SARS), the coordination of actions is complex and evolves over time. There has not been any systematic empirical study of the dynamics of emerging coordination behaviour and knowledge transfer process during a disease outbreak. In this paper, we first introduce our approach for the analysis of multi-agency intervention during a disease outbreak using the study of social networks. Using social networks and its analytic framework, we explore questions such as: How does the multi-agency coordination emerge for supporting the complex knowledge transfer process during different phases of disease outbreak? How effective are these formal and informal coordination mechanisms in achieving a robust outcome in response coordination through effective knowledge transfer process during the outbreak? What are the key lessons learned by studying the emerging coordination and knowledge transfer process during past disease outbreak in improving the multi-agency preparedness for dealing with future outbreaks? The discussion is supported by a qualitative study of the implementation of the results of the analysis. We reveal that profound understanding of social network behaviour and emerging coordination concepts are pivotal to the optimisation of knowledge transfer process which is a prerequisite for successful outbreak intervention. We look qualitatively at how Hunter New England Area Health Services applied these concepts to lead a successful coordination plan during an H1N109 endemic.     

当代资本主义社会的“H1N1病毒”——迈克·戴维斯《资本主义与流感》的启示及其他

迈克·戴维斯把资本主义与当今全球流行性疾病的发展和肆虐联系起来,认为资本主义既是导致全球流行性疾病发展加速的真正罪魁祸首,也是国际社会对全球性流行性疾病的预防和控制难以奏效的原因。他的《资本主义与流感》从一个新的角度说明了当代资本主义给人类社会带来的灾难,也说明了全球流行性疾病的解决绝对不纯粹是一个医学上的问题,人们可以从中解读出当代资本主义社会的＂H1N1病毒＂。     

Silylamido supported dinitrogen heterobimetallic complexes: syntheses and their catalytic ability

Molybdenum dinitrogen complexes supported by monodentate arylsilylamido ligand, [Ar(Me₃Si)N]₃MoN₂Mg(THF)₂[N(SiMe₃)Ar] (5) and [Ar(Me₃Si)N]₃MoN₂SiMe₃ (6) (Ar = 3,5-Me₂C₆H₃) were synthesized and structurally characterized, and proved to be effective catalysts for the disproportionation of cyclohexadienes and isomerization of terminal alkenes. The ¹H NMR spectrum suggested that the bridging nitrogen ligand remains intact during the catalytic reaction, indicating possible catalytic ability of the Mo-N=N motif.     

重订羌活属的分类

在野外实地观察和标本整理的基础上,检查了羌活属各个分类群的分类问题,考证了它们的名 称。通过性状分析,主要以小总苞片的形状及其相关特征作为属下分类的依据,将卵叶羌活N．oviforme 改隶于宽叶羌活之下作为亚种处理,支持张盍曾在1975年将 N.franchetii  与N.forbesii合并为1种。如 此,该属共5种,其中1种含1亚种。描述了两个新组,对属的特征和地理分布作了补充。近年该属新增加2种,因此分种检索表也作了相应的修改。     

基于网络图形分析的ICT技术收敛实证研究

技术收敛表现为技术的逆-多样化发展,本文在分析技术收敛与技术多样化的创新效应及其与经济增长关系的基础上,利用Shannon-Wiener指数和网络图形分析法分别对我国ICT领域的技术多样化与技术收敛进行了实证分析。结论表明,总体而言ICT领域中电信和其他ICT领域的技术多样化程度最高,但从动态角度看,计算机、办公器械领域的技术多样化最高且波动性较大;在技术收敛方面,H04L、G06F、H04B、H04M、H04Q、H04N、G01S、G08C和H01L在ICT领域出现了产业内的技术收敛,而H05K在ICT领域出现了产业间的技术收敛。实证结果也表明了电信领域是最易产生技术收敛的领域,因此电信领域的技术研发对其他领域的发展具有巨大的促进作用,企业应尽可能地关注电信领域的技术研发动向,寻找技术的契合点。     

H7N9 virus infection triggers lethal cytokine storm by activating gasdermin E-mediated pyroptosis of lung alveolar epithelial cells

The H7N9 influenza virus emerged in China in 2013,causing more than 1560 human infections,39％ of which were fatal.A'cytokine storm'in the lungs of H7N9 patients...     

Human activities aggravate nitrogen-deposition pollution to inland water over China

In the past three decades, China has built more than 87 000 dams with a storage capacity of ≈6560 km³ and the total surface area of inland water has increased by 6672 km². Leaching of N from fertilized soils to rivers is the main source of N pollution in China, but the exposure of a growing inland water area to direct atmospheric N deposition and N leaching caused by N deposition on the terrestrial ecosystem, together with increased N deposition and decreased N flow, also tends to raise N concentrations in most inland waters. The contribution of this previously ignored source of  N deposition to freshwaters is estimated in this study, as well as mitigation strategies. The results show that the annual amounts of N depositions ranged from 4.9 to 16.6 kg · ha⁻¹ · yr⁻¹ in the 1990s to exceeding 20 kg · ha⁻¹ · yr⁻¹ in the 2010s over most of regions in China, so the total mass of ΔN (the net contribution of N deposition to the increase in N concentration) for lakes, rivers and reservoirs change from 122.26 Gg N · yr⁻¹ in the 1990s to 237.75 Gg N · yr⁻¹ in the 2010s. It is suggested that reducing the N deposition from various sources, shortening the water-retention time in dams and decreasing the degree of regulation for rivers are three main measures for preventing a continuous increase in the N-deposition pollution to inland water in China.     

力学、物理、化学

三维动态混合过程界面追踪模拟与表征;“激光大气传输与激光雷达”专辑简介；形成素结合蛋白C-端FF结构域的1H和15N NMR谱峰归属和结构分析；纠缠相干态的制备；血清总磷脂脂肪酸组分的固相萃取-气相色谱法分析。     

Unleash electron transfer in C–H functionalization by mesoporous carbon-supported palladium interstitial catalysts

The functionalization of otherwise unreactive C–H bonds adds a new dimension to synthetic chemistry, yielding useful molecules for a range of applications. Arylation has emerged as an increasingly viable strategy for functionalization of heteroarenes which constitute an important class of structural moieties for organic materials. However, direct bisarylation of heteroarenes to enable aryl-heteroaryl-aryl bond formation remains a formidable challenge, due to the strong coordination between heteroatom of N or S and transitional metals. Here we report Pd interstitial nanocatalysts supported on ordered mesoporous carbon as catalysts for a direct and highly efficient bisarylation method for five-membered heteroarenes that allows for green and mild reaction conditions. Notably, in the absence of any base, ligands and phase transfer agents, high activity (turn-over frequency, TOF, up to 107 h⁻¹) and selectivity (>99%) for the 2,5-bisarylation of five-membered heteroarenes are achieved in water. A combination of characterization reveals that the remarkable catalytic reactivity here is attributable to the parallel adsorption of heteroarene over Pd clusters, which breaks the barrier to electron transfer in traditional homogenous catalysis and creates dual electrophilic sites for aryl radicals and adsorbate at C2 and C5 positions. The d-band filling at Pd sites shows a linear relationship with activation entropy and catalytic activity. The ordered mesopores facilitate the absence of a mass transfer effect. These findings suggest alternative synthesis pathways for the design, synthesis and understanding of a large number of organic chemicals by ordered mesoporous carbon supported palladium catalysts.     

Structural and dynamic properties of linker histone H1 binding to DNA

Found in all eukaryotic cells, linker histones H1 are known to bind to and rearrange nucleosomal linker DNA. In vitro, the fundamental nature of H1∕DNA interactions has attracted wide interest among research communities-from biologists to physicists. Hence, H1∕DNA binding processes and structural and dynamical information about these self-assemblies are of broad importance. Targeting a quantitative understanding of H1 induced DNA compaction mechanisms, our strategy is based on using small-angle x-ray microdiffraction in combination with microfluidics. The usage of microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing devices facilitates a microscale control of these self-assembly processes, which cannot be achieved using conventional bulk setups. In addition, the method enables time-resolved access to structure formation in situ, in particular, to transient intermediate states. The observed time dependent structure evolution shows that the H1∕DNA interaction can be described as a two-step process: an initial unspecific binding of H1 to DNA is followed by a rearrangement of molecules within the formed assemblies. The second step is most likely induced by interactions between the DNA and the H1's charged side chains. This leads to an increase in lattice spacing within the DNA∕protein assembly and induces a decrease in the correlation length of the mesophases, probably due to a local bending of the DNA.     

两种绿篱植物对作物养分吸收的影响

种植等高绿篱是丘陵山区实现农业可持续发展较为理想的经营措施,是防治坡耕地的水土流失和土地退化的有效手段。由于绿篱植物的引入,存在着绿篱植物与作物之间的抑制或促进作用,尤其是两者之间在养分、光、水和气方面的竞争作用,又成为植物篱推广应用的限制因子。本研究选用豆科紫穗槐和禾木科香根草为绿篱植物,间作小麦、大豆,设置单作、板隔、网隔和无隔4个处理。借助同位素示踪技术,测定绿篱和作物养分含量及吸收量。研究结果表明：香根草、紫穗槐对小麦N吸收影响不大,香根草不利于大豆N吸收,紫穗槐对大豆N的吸收有利;香根草抑制小麦P的吸收,促进大豆对P的吸收,紫穗槐对小麦、大豆P吸收都有利;香根草、紫穗槐对小麦、大豆K吸收起促进作用;香根草对N的竞争和对P、K的吸收能力均强于紫穗槐,而对N的吸收能力弱于紫穗槐;两种绿篱对小麦影响弱于小麦个体间的影响,对大豆的影响强于大豆个体的相互影响。这些揭示了紫穗槐和香根草对小麦、大豆之间的养分促进与竞争特点,为丘陵山区植物篱技术的推广应用提供理论依据。