New Reactions to Obtain Aromatics and Hydrogen through Methane''''s Direct Catalytic Dehydroaromatization

Methane is the main component of natural gas and coal-bed gas. Structurally, its molecule is highly symmetric and hence, it becomes one of the most stable hydrocarbon compounds in nature. For a long time in the past, the research of methane transformation is a permanent "hot spot" and disciplinary frontier for chemists as it can be catalyzed directly into top-quality fuel and chemicals.     

情报科学中的符号语言学

The paper argues that the theory that opens out the nature of subject indexing process is required, if the process consists of a tremor of steps and elements and it is a range of interpretations, too. The paper points out that Peirce' s semiotics is the theory by which we may study and understand the lmture of interpretation in subject indexing pro-cess. In recent years, there is a great interest in semiofcs in library and information science field. The paper discusses some basic issues of semiotics and its use in information science.     

Developing a National Innovation System on the Basis of National Conditions

While building a na- tional innovation sys- tem with Chinesecharacteristics, China should not blindly follow developed countries or simply negate its successful prac- tice over the past five decades in scientific and technological (S&T) development and its hard-earned S&T infrastructure and systems, much less forget the basic fact that China is currently in the primary stage of socialism and will remain in this stage for a long time to come, urges CAS Pres ident LU Yongxiang, who is also v…     

Space Scientists Reveal Super Solar Particle Event in History

<正>Researchers from the National Space Science Center(NSSC),Chinese Academy of Sciences have recently unraveled a super solar particle event around AD775,probably the strongest of its kind in the past11,400 years.The intensity of this event was about 4.5x1010 protons/cm2(more than 30 MeV),which is about two times higher than that of the 1859"Carrington Event’’–the largest solar event in the past 154 years leading to the failure of telegraph systems all over Europe and North America.In recent years,scientists from Japan,Europe and China reported a rapid radiocarbon 14C increase by 12‰in cedar/oak tree rings and coral rings around AD775.However,the origin of this rapid increase remains uncertain.     

Water as a Colorful Ink:Transparent,Rewritable Photonic Coatings Based on Colloidal Crystals Embedded in Chitosan Hydrogel

<正>Although our current century is dominated by the use of electronic devices,paper is still believed to play a crucial role in information storage and distribution with the evidence of its tripled global consumption over the past decades.With more than 90%of all information in businesses printed on paper,most of them are disposed after only one-time reading and without de-ink.This not only is a huge waste but also brings disastrous impacts     

Memory Effect Unveils the Correlation between Boson Peak and Structural Relaxation

正Glass is a nonequilibrium state that continually relaxes toward a metastable equilibrium state by structural rearrangements.What is mysterious is that its past state is always memorized,viz.,showing memory effect.Glass exhibits disordered structure and anomalous atomic vibration as compared to ordered crystals,and this anomaly is termed as a boson peak.These two features,both are central to the understanding of glass,are generally investigated separately.     

Thinning and Accretion of Deep Lithosphere in North China Block

One of the major achievements in the study of deep geodynamics over the past two decades is the finding that the subcontinental lithosphere isnot immutable. The instability of the lithosphere may be closely related to the tremendous change in its structure, composition and rheology. The trigger and mechanism of lithospheric destabilization are the key to understanding the generation of intraplate magmatism, ore-forming processes and tectonic evolution. Therefore, along with the development of the research in this direction, the plate tectonic theory can be improved to more successfully cover the tectonics of continental plate.     

A new hypothesis about plant bio-invasion

Although both the generalpurpose genotype hypothesis and the hypothesis about the evolution of invasiveness predict that invasive species are characterized by particular traits that confer invasiveness, what these traits are still remains unclear. A theory put forward by a CAS botanist and colleagues suggests that the success of an invasive plant in a new habitat is due to the allocation of more nitrogen to its photosynthesis. As reported in a recent issue of Oecologia, the hypothesis has been supported by their research on the metabolic comparison between an invasive shrub and five native plants.     

Institute of Physics Celebrates 90th Anniversary

正The Institute of Physics(IOP),Chinese Academy of Sciences celebrated its 90th birthday in June 2018 with hundreds of staff researchers,alumni and international collaborators.By organizing a symposium on the 8th and a forum on the 9th,IOP aimed to"honor the past and look into the future."IOP is one of the oldest,biggest and most prestigious research institutes under the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Its origin can be dated back to 1928,when the National     

Studies Reveal Gene Flow Model of Endangered Plant

Shuhua shuibaizhi (Myricaria laxiflora), an endemic riparian plant in the Three Gorges Valley of the Yangtze River, is the only species in the genus Myricaria that grows in low-altitude regions along the Yangtze River. The other species of the genus are distributed in Tibet and neighboring regions.Over the past decades, scientists are puzzled at why the plant exists alone along the Yangtze while its cousins are suffering from the arid and frigid climate. And the researchers are anxious to know more about the plant because its natural habitat will be mostly plunged under water owing to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam.     

制度的进化

本文分析了制度进化的选择机制：自然选择、个体选择、权威选择和群体选择,制度适应的效率特征,制度竞争的形式与结果、开放与制度竞争的关系、竞争与制度变异的关系;制度的复制、遗传与积累等。并对制度的进化范式进行了总括,阐述了制度进化的多元性、相对性、主动性等特征。最后,对制度分析的进化范式与新古典范式进行了比较。     

场域转变视角下互联网平台企业的制度创业研究

互联网平台企业创业往往是从已有制度场域切入进而向新制度场域拓展，这一过程中，企业常常面临旧场域制度压力和新场域制度真空的两难，已有研究对此应对策略尚缺乏深入剖析。本研究以网约车平台企业从出租车业务向专快车业务的场域拓展为例，剖析其制度创业行为的内在逻辑。研究发现：（1）新旧制度场域对企业形成制度压力和制度真空，企业的制度工作目标各异，旧制度场域强调保持制度前提下的合法性获取，新制度场域强调创造制度下的合法性构建；（2）旧制度场域（出租车业务），平台企业利用已有供方用户基础，从供方切入快速做大进而吸引需方，属于保持制度下的制度创业；新制度场域（专快车业务），平台企业深入挖掘已有需方的多样化需求，满足需方以创造多元市场，进一步利用需方锁定帮助其创造新制度。（3）平台企业达到旧制度场域“冷启动”时，要从保持制度向创造制度进行转移，一旦进入新制度场域，需以“引爆点”作为发展目标，从而成为细分领域寡头。本文在场域转变视角下分析了平台企业的制度创业行为，结合平台企业特征，揭示了其内在机理，为制度理论在互联网平台情境下的应用提供了新思路。     

转型经济中民营企业制度创业机制的多案例研究:制度创业策略视角

中国转型经济所导致的制度变迁,激发了民营企业制度创业行为。制度创业机制的实质是制度创业者实施制度创业策略,克服各种制度创业约束,为新的创业主张获取合法性的过程。因此,制度创业策略视角的研究有利于揭示制度创业机制。把中国民营企业制度创业分为完善型和开拓型,制度创业策略划分为话语策略、理论化策略、社会网络策略、文化策略,紧密结合3个不同的制度创业阶段,通过对吉利汽车、征途网络、春秋航空、阿里巴巴这4个公司的多案例研究,构建转型经济中民营企业制度创业机制的探索性理论模型。     

制度距离、人才流动模式与人才跨区域流动

人才跨制度环境流动时机会与风险并存，制度环境与人才流动之间的关系可能是复杂、非线性的，并在不同流动模式下表现出复杂的叠加效应。为此从软环境的角度，基于制度理论，将流入地和流出地的制度环境同时纳入分析框架，探索不同人才流动模式下制度距离对流动人才跨区域选址的影响。基于2007—2016年领英（中国）在线公开简历数据进行多值逻辑回归分析，结果显示：顺制度差流动时，制度距离对人才流入的概率呈先抑制后促进的“U”型影响，30岁以上、研究生学历、从事高新技术行业、处于管理岗位、来自东部地区的人才对制度距离的反应最为敏感；反之，逆制度差流动时，制度距离显著抑制个体的流入，特别对30～44岁、研究生学历、从事高新技术行业、处于非管理和技术岗位、来自东部地区的人才影响最为明显。基于实证结果，从营造良好的制度软环境角度给出区域引才政策启示。     

创新属性、制度质量与中国产业结构转型升级

基于2004-2015年省际面板数据,从制度质量视角研究了创新数量、创新质量对产业结构转型升级（TUIS）的差异化影响。研究发现：（1）创新数量能显著促进TUIS,创新质量因水平较低对TUIS的促进作用尚不显著;（2）创新数量与制度质量协同发展未促进TUIS,创新质量与制度质量协同发展能显著推动TUIS;（3）创新数量对产业结构高度化（ISA）存在单一制度质量门槛4.9200,伴随制度质量跨越门槛值,创新数量对ISA的影响由负变正,而创新数量对产业结构合理化（ISR）不存在制度质量门槛;（4）创新质量对ISA存在双重制度质量门槛5.4486和6.7066,对ISR存在单一制度质量门槛7.5419,伴随制度质量跨越门槛值,创新质量对ISA与ISR的影响均由负变正;（5）创新质量对TUIS的制度质量门槛高于创新数量,对ISR的制度质量门槛亦高于ISA。未来中国要实现以高质量创新驱动TUIS,要不遗余力提升创新质量,加快推进市场化建设进程。     

中国网络文化产业制度创新演化研究——基于1994-2011年的实证分析

网络文化产业制度创新的目的在于降低原有制度体系下的高交易成本,提高网络文化产业的整体效率、增加社会效益。制度创新层级、创新范域和创新强度形成"三位一体"的网络文化产业制度创新评价模型,通过构建制度创新层级指数、创新范域指数、创新强度指数和创新综合指数对1994-2011年间171项网络文化产业制度进行量化实证分析发现:历经17年的积累,中国已逐步建立起网络文化产业制度体系,但"高数量"的背后缺乏"高质量",尤其是法律制度缺席;总体演化趋势呈现震荡式倒U型发展态势,2000年为中国网络文化产业制度创新的顶峰,2002年、2006年和2009年掀起了21世纪以来制度创新的新高潮,2010年以来趋向平稳,表明产业发展日趋稳定。鉴于此,应加强网络文化产业制度创新的顶层设计,建立系统性、预见性的网络文化产业制度创新体系,借鉴"3C原则",建立多元主体公共治理模式。     

基于Dspace和关联数据的机构知识库合作服务模式构建研究

Dspace是一种免费和有效的机构知识库建设工具,关联数据对于机构知识库的知识组织将起促进作用。文章首先对国内机构知识库构建的相关研究进行述评;然后分析Dspace和关联数据在构建机构知识库服务模式中的应用;最后基于Dspace和关联数据,构建了机构知识库服务模式框架,并提出了需进一步研究的问题。     

贸易开放、城市制度改进与经济增长

"以开放促改革,以改革谋发展"是中国推进开放的一个重要依据,然而鲜有文献专门考察贸易通过制度渠道对经济增长的影响,本文以中国各城市为对象对这一问题进行了研究。本文首先构造城市出口制度密集度指标以衡量世界市场对城市的制度需求,接着本文利用多元回归模型和中介效应模型实证检验出口制度密集度对城市经济增长的影响及其机制。实证结果表明,城市对外贸易带来的外部制度需求会通过促使城市制度改进来促进城市经济增长,并且,本土公司的一般贸易在贸易通过制度渠道促进城市经济增长的过程中起着主要作用。     

高校机构知识库建设实践与探索——以北京工业大学图书馆为例

针对高校图书馆建设机构知识库的问题,以北京工业大学图书馆机构知识库的建设为实例,描述构建机构知识库的实施过程,分别从构建模式的制定、软件平台的选择、资源内容的收集以及推广使用等方面进行阐述,着重介绍了机构知识库系统平台、资源内容的收集。通过分享、交流和讨论在建设机构知识库过程中的经验、体会和遇到的问题,以期共同推动高校机构知识库的建设发展。     

企业制度资本对创新倾向的影响研究

基于制度观点和创新文献,论文理论探讨并实证检验了企业的正式制度资本与非正式制度资本对企业创新倾向的非线性作用机理及效果差异,并进一步探究了企业的创新占用能力对上述路径的边界作用。303家企业的配套调研数据显示：首先,企业正式制度资本与其创新倾向之间呈现出递增的正向关系,而企业非正式制度资本与其创新倾向之间呈现出递减的正向关系。其次,企业创新占用能力显著地增强了正式制度资本与创新倾向之间的正向关系,却显著地削弱了非正式制度资本与创新倾向之间的正向关系。该研究为指导我国企业在提升创新倾向时有效地配置和利用不同的制度资本提供了有力的理论支撑。