舒芬太尼超前镇痛用于鼻内镜手术的临床观察

目的:探讨舒芬太尼超前镇痛在鼻内镜手术中对血液动力学及术后疼痛的影响.方法:择期全麻鼻内镜手术患者40例,分层随机分为舒芬太尼组(Suf组)和芬太尼组(Fen组).连续监测血液动力学,分别于诱导前即刻(T0),插管后5min(T1),拔管前即刻(T2),拔管后5min(T3),记录SP、DP、MAP、HR并计算RPP,记录硝普钠的用量及输液量,并进行术后4h、8h、12h、24h、48h VAS评分,记录术后恶心、呕吐、呼吸抑制等并发症.结果:Fen组T1时点SP、DP、MAP、HR、RPP均高于T0;T2时点SP、RPP均高于T0;T3时点RPP高于T0.Suf组各时点均无明显变化,与Fen组相比,各时点SP、DP、MAP、RPP均高于Fen组,T1时点HR均高于Fen组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).Suf组硝普钠用量明显少于Fen组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).Fen组各时点VAS评分均明显高于Suf组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:舒芬太尼超前镇痛用于鼻内镜手术血液动力学稳定,镇痛效果好,安全有效.     

舒芬太尼静吸复合麻醉对围术期凝血功能的影响

目的:比较在腹部手术中应用舒芬太尼和芬太尼静吸复合麻醉对患者围术期凝血功能的影响.方法:择期全麻腹部手术患者40例分层随机分为舒芬太尼组(Suf组)和芬太尼组(Fen组).芬太尼按舒芬太尼的等效剂量8∶1计算给药,于术前(T0)、术毕(T1)、术后12h(T2)、术后24h(T3)、术后48h(T4)测定PT、APTT、TT、FIB浓度.结果:舒芬太尼组凝血功能各指标无明显变化,而芬太尼组APTT缩短,FIB增高(P＜0.05),PT、TT虽然有缩短的趋势,但差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:舒芬太尼静吸复合麻醉用于腹部手术患者围术期凝血功能变化较小,避免了围术期高凝状态.     

舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯、格拉斯琼用于开胸术后静脉镇痛的临床观察

目的:观察比较等效剂量的舒芬太尼与芬太尼分别复合氟比洛芬酯、格拉斯琼用于胸科手术术后静脉镇痛的临床效果及不良反应.方法:选择开胸手术成年患者78例,随机均分为两组,观察组(S组)术毕前15min静注舒芬太尼10g+氟比洛芬酯50mg+格拉斯琼3mg,后接PCIA泵,泵内药物为舒芬太尼2.5g/kg+氟比洛芬酯200mg+格拉斯琼6mg;对照组(F组)术毕前15min静注芬太尼0.1mg+氟比洛芬酯50mg+格拉斯琼3mg,后接PCIA泵,泵内药物为芬太尼25g/kg+氟比洛芬酯200mg+格拉斯琼6mg.记录各组术后第4、12、24、36、48h各时间点生命体征、镇痛、镇静及不良反应情况.结果:两组患者术后第4、12、24h时间点心律(HP)、平均动脉压(MPA)差异有显著性(P＜0.05);两组术后镇痛均取得了较好的效果,但S组各时间点镇痛VAS评分明显低于F组(P＜0.05),术后第4、12h时间点镇静评分S组明显高于于F组(P＜0.05).结论:舒芬太尼与芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯、格拉斯琼均可用于开胸手术术后静脉镇痛,但舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯、格拉斯琼用于开胸手术术后镇痛、镇静效果更确切、安全、不良反应低,是一种值得推广的方法.     

舒芬太尼在老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的：探讨舒芬太尼在老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果。方法：180例接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术的老年患者随机分为3组：芬太尼组（F组芬太尼用量20μg/kg）,舒芬太尼1组（S1组舒芬太尼用量为0.5μg/kg）,舒芬太尼2组（S2组舒芬太尼用量为1μg/kg）。比较3组患者镇静后10 min时、麻醉诱导即时、气管插管后3 min、二氧化碳气腹、二氧化碳气腹15 min、手术结束时的SBP、DBP。推算MBP、HR、ECG、SpO2。观察患者手术结束时到自主呼吸恢复时间、初醒时间,气导管拔出的时间及拔管时患者SBP、DBP。推算MBP、HR、ECG、SpO2和并发症发生情况。结果：S1组和S2组两组患者在气管插管,二氧化碳气腹前后血流动力学波动较小,而F组患者的波动相对较大。S1,S2组间比较,差异无统计学意义;S1组与F组比较自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、气导管拔出的时间,差异无统计学意义。拔管时患者SBP、DBP、MBP、HR,S1组血流动力学更加平稳,且术后并发症明显减少,与F组比较,差异有统计学意义;但S2组自主呼吸恢复时间明显延长,部分患者需要加用阿片类药物拮抗药,使用拮抗药后部分患者有烦躁、不自主体动等并发症,与其他两组比较,差异有统计学意义。结论：老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术采用舒芬太尼0.5μg/kg,能良好的控制因气管插管,二氧化碳气腹导致的应急反应,维护血流动力学的平稳,同时不影响患者术后的苏醒。     

瑞芬太尼和芬太尼分别复合丙泊酚对全麻诱导期心血管反应的影响

目的：比较瑞芬太尼和芬太尼分别复合丙泊酚对患者全麻诱导期心血管反应的影响。方法：60例胆囊切除术患者随机分为F组（芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉）和R组（瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉）。入室后常规监测心率（HR）、无创血压（SBP、DBP和MBP）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SPO2）。分别记录入室后（T0）、气管插管前即刻（T1）、气管插管后1min（T2）和5min（T3）时患者的HR、SBP、MBP、DBP数值。结果：两组患者基础值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。患者诱导前后自身比较,在插管后1min时,F组患者的HR、SBP、MBP、DBP各数值均显著上升,同时R组各指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。组间比较,R组患者T1、T2、L时的HR、SBP、MBP、DBP均显著低于F组差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：相比芬太尼,瑞芬太尼可显著抑制患者全麻诱导期的心血管反应。     

盐酸瑞芬太尼复合罗库溴铵在喉显微手术中的应用

目的比较盐酸瑞芬太尼复合罗库溴铵或阿曲库铵及芬太尼复合阿曲库铵用于喉显微手术麻醉的临床效果。方法ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行喉显微手术的病人60例，随机分为盐酸瑞芬太尼阿曲库铵组（A组）、芬太尼阿曲库铵组（B组）、盐酸瑞芬太尼罗库溴铵组（C组），每组20例。麻醉诱导用异丙酚2mg／kg和盐酸瑞芬太尼1．5ug/kg或芬太尼4ug／kg及罗库溴铵0．5mg／kg或阿曲库铵0．5mg／kg，麻醉维持用异丙酚5mg／kg／h和盐酸瑞芬太尼0．25ug／kg／min。观察血流动力学、肌松完全起效时间、术毕肌松恢复、清醒时间、拔管时间及返回病房时间等情况。结果三组麻醉效果均满意，肌松完全起效时间，术毕肌松恢复，清醒时间，拔管时间及返回病房时间均有显著差异性（P〈0．05），C组明显较A组B组起效快，术毕苏醒迅速。结论盐酸瑞芬太尼复合罗库溴铵比芬太尼复合阿曲库铵更优越、更理想。     

舒芬太尼在无痛胃镜检查中的应用

目的:探讨舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚在无痛胃镜检查中的麻醉效果。方法:137例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级、接受无痛胃镜检查术的患者,随机分成2组,Ⅰ组(芬太尼组)68例和Ⅱ组(舒芬太尼组)69例。Ⅰ组芬太尼0.5μg/kg 丙泊酚1mg/kg iv;Ⅱ组舒芬太尼0.1μg/kg 丙泊酚1mg/kg iv。观察指标:BP、HR、SPO2、丙泊酚用量、苏醒时间、体动以及心动过缓等术中并发症的发生率。结果:Ⅱ组的丙泊酚用量较I组显著减少(P<0.05),Ⅱ组的苏醒时间较Ⅰ组显著缩短(P<0.05),两组的术中并发症的发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:0.1μg/kg舒芬太尼复合1mg/kg丙泊酚适用于无痛胃镜检查术。     

舒芬太尼用于全麻术后苏醒期的效果观察

目的 分析舒芬太尼用于全身麻醉(全麻)术后苏醒期的效果。方法 76例进行全麻术患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,各38例。观察组给予舒芬太尼,对照组给予瑞芬太尼,比较两组患者的应用效果。结果 观察组自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间及术后躁动评分均少于对照组,组间经对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 舒芬太尼用于全麻术后苏醒期的效果显著,值得在临床上应用。     

探讨椎管内麻醉行下腹部手术镇静药物的使用

本次研究目的是探讨椎管内麻醉行下腹部手术镇静药物的使用。方法:择80例行下腹部手术患者,随机分为A组和B组。每组各40例,A组给予咪达唑仑+舒芬太尼,B组给予咪达唑仑+芬太尼。观察两组患者术中镇静镇痛情况,术中牵拉反射强度。结果:A组患者术中镇静镇痛强于较B组,牵拉反射小。结论:咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼在椎管内麻醉行下腹部手术术中镇静镇痛效果明显优于咪达唑仑复合芬太尼组,牵拉反射小。     

瑞芬太尼在鼻内窥镜手术中控制性降压的临床应用

目的:观察瑞芬太尼在鼻内窥镜手术期间对血压、心率的影响。方法:选择鼻内窥镜手术患者60例,随机分为观察组(A)和对照组(B),每组30例。A组于手术开始时持续静脉注入瑞芬太尼0.1~0.2μg/(kg.min),B组于手术开始时持续注入硝酸甘油2μg/(kg.min)行控制性降压。分别观测手术开始前及手术开始后5min、15min、30min时的血压、心率。结果:B组麻醉期间的血压、心率与麻醉前比较下降不明显(P>0.05)。A组麻醉期间的血压、心率与麻醉前比较明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:瑞芬太尼可增强镇痛效果,有效地降低手术期间的血压、心率,减少手术野渗血,确保手术野清晰度,使手术顺利进行。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.