集体记忆与历史重构——评《山西抗战口述史》

梁启超在《新史学》中，指出二十四史不过是“二十四姓之家谱而已”，而“汗牛充栋之史书。皆如蜡人院之偶像”。当代学者将历史研究的视角扩展到史料文本之外，以口述史的形式，从社会下层发掘反映历史变动的轨迹，以集体记忆的传承力量最大限度地触摸历史的真实。由张成德、孙丽萍主编的《山西抗战口述史》（山西人民出版社2005年版），无疑是这种积极探索的又一新成果。     

历史与现实之间的思想突围——试论张炜《你在高原·西郊》中创作立场的转换

张炜的《你在高原。西郊》是对自己创作立场的一次自我清理。通过文本的结构、意象及众多的隐喻，通过对于历史记忆、田园记忆的“记忆的理想主义”的返回、探寻，张炜在矛盾中建构了自己的“现实原则的理想主义”创作原则，从观念的写作走向了生活的写作，实现了自己艺术思想的一次艰难的蜕变与超越。     

《红旗谱》：民族国家的历史革命化叙事范本

《红旗谱》作为一部新中国革命历史长篇小说．不仅是新中国革命历史记忆的书写．而且将历史的进程革命化了：历史被纳入革命的意识形态中予以见证和讲述．成为叙速的“主体”，直接由后台走向前台．作为人物的阶级身份、成长历程直接见证革命历史记忆中“英雄时代”的社会秩序、人格化想象。它呈现的是一种对于崭新的现代民族国家历史革命化叙事文本，是对社会秩序合理性的一种文学体认和确证。     

先锋历史小说的历史观

本文分析了先锋小说的历史观 ,指出先锋历史小说的内在精神更多地与海登·怀特的“元历史”理论相通。而且“元历史”理论的疾病——认为历史是文本 ,否认历史客观真实的存在 ,同样是先锋历史小说的不足所在 ;先锋历史小说创作存在着自身的矛盾 :在解构历史的同时质疑着历史真实的存在 ,却又企图在自己的叙述中重新结构历史的真实     

历史记忆的想像与重构:从小说《金山》到电影《金山》

作为社会文化建构的历史记忆,其重点或许不在于探寻哪种表征方式更接近真实的历史,而是质询历史记忆表征的政治学及其生产机制。小说《金山》和电影《金山》涉及对同一段华裔历史的再现,两种文本受制于不同的场域,呈现出迥异的记忆政治。处于跨文化场域中的海外华裔作家,个人习惯及其在文学场中的位置是影响文本表征的主要因素,历史记忆表现为一种寻根情愫与文化认同,而电影媒介处于资本与市场博弈的场域之中,历史记忆更像是一场视觉的消费盛宴。     

“守恒”与“新变”——封面图像与《文城》的互释

余华《文城》的封面图像选自当代艺术家张晓刚的一幅画作《失忆与记忆四号》,与小说的文字文本构成一种相互阐释和相互补充的关系。“历史”与“记忆”一直是张晓刚最关注的创作主题,而《文城》展开的是对新旧之际个体记忆与国家历史的探讨,凝聚在图像背后的内涵与《文城》在新的层面上达到了契合,展开了一场画家与作家的对话。面对视觉文化时代的冲击,他们不约而同的采取了特别的“格式”来应对这一变化,张晓刚将摄影技术融入绘画,余华将文学“电影化”,共同表达对“过去”和“已逝”的追忆和对历史远距离的深刻体会,实现了跨媒介的审美现代性。通过封面图像与小说文本的互文现象,或许可窥见余华创作的“守恒”与“新变”。     

《红旗谱》:作为革命历史记忆的历史革命化文本

《红旗谱》作为一部新中国革命历史长篇小说,它不仅是新中国革命历史记忆的书写,而且将历史的进程革命化了。人物的阶级身份、成长历程直接见证革命历史记忆中“英雄时代”的社会秩序、人格化想象,呈现的是一种对于崭新的现代民族国家历史革命化叙事文本。     

艺术置换历史的琼崖传奇——关于《红色娘子军》背后的真实性问题

《红色娘子军》在“红色经典”中无疑是演出次数最多、最受好评的一部作品。从最初的报告文学发表开始,作者就一再宣称其故事的真实性。然而当我们重新查阅历史资料,寻找这些英雄儿女的感人事迹时,却发现了许多值得进一步探究的问题：取材于“女子军特务连”历史的“红色娘子军”故事被当做了“历史真实”来讲述,实现了艺术对历史的巧妙置换,成为一代人对琼崖革命的“真实”记忆。     

历史叙述的程式--以黎城“离卦道”事件解析为例

历史的魅力在于过去“不在”与过去“实在性”之间的难以重合的断裂,而连接二者是史家为我们提供的历史叙述。在这些叙述程式各具特色的文本中,具有强烈的时代特征与个人倾向,从而呈现出比真实历史更为丰富的文本叙述历史。对此,历史研究者所能做的不是否定与排斥,而是正视与利用,是在不同程式的历史叙述中寻找其共同性与兼容性,比较文本之间的冲突与差异,从而完成对事件的更为全面的认知。     

围屋化：族群历史记忆的社会化叙事——贺州客家围屋作为叙事文本的文学人类学分析

叙事学的“叙事”包括叙述方式和实际所讲述的东西两个基本范畴。贺州客家围屋用空间结构手段来立体地记录和理解贺州客家人的文化，围屋作为一种视觉表达方式实质上是贺州客家人在自然与人文、怀旧与崇新、传承与变迁等多层面上进行的一种文学叙述，围屋不仅成为贺州客家人的自我意识表征，而且还成为了贺州客家族群历史的记忆，是贺州客家人对自身文化进行表达和表述的一种社会叙事“文本”，同时也为叙事学提供了一种族群历史记忆的叙事范式。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.