我国实施WAPI标准面临的困境及启示

WAPI标准的出台,是我国在高科技产业领域实施“标准战略”的一次重要尝试。WAPI标准最终被无限期延迟,这是由多方面的原因造成的,并由此带来了一些损失。对比韩国强制实施W IPI标准的成功经验,本案例可以给我们提供以下一些有益的启示:(1)制定和实施国家标准必须遵循公开、公平和公正的原则,增强政策制定的透明度。(2)制定和实施高科技标准要进行全面考虑、精心设计,避免仓促出台。(3)标准是一种形式上的技术联盟,应该由企业共同制定完善。(4)要在不断增强企业实力的同时,加强企业间的团结与协调。     

浅议WAPI技术及其发展策略

无线局域网鉴别与保密基础结构WAPI是中国自主知识产权的WLAN标准。本文首先介绍了WAPI技术产生的背景,并详细分析了WAPI的技术特点和发展现状,最后根据分析结果提出了发展WAPI的策略。     

从制造到创造:部门利益、专家网络与国际参与

建设创新型国家,关键在于推进从“制造”到“创造”的转变.以我国WAPI和TD-SCDMA两项自主标准的制定及国际化过程为个案研究对象,从部门利益、技术专家网络及国际参与层次剖析了我国追求自主标准的战略过程,并提出网络经济形势下有效的自主标准国际化模式,具体分析了国际标准化制度下从“制造”到“创造”的转型之路.研究比较了WAPI和TD-SCDMA两项标准的不同发展路径,WAPI因政府主导下的部门利益冲突导致挫败,而TD-SCD-MA则因充分运用了网络经济外部性及技术专家网络的能力获得成功.     

基于WAPI的WLAN安全实现

本文阐述WAPI安全协议的基本原理,分析了WAPI的突出特点并指出WAPI在安全性方面的显著优势。     

WAPI认证协议的研究及改进

WAPI是由中国宽带无线IP标准工作组自行制定的无线局域网认证标准。对WAI模块的身份认证原理及流程作了详细分析,指出了存在的一些不足,提出了改进措施,最后给出了一个稍作改进的WAI认证流程。     

WAPI“产业铁幕“破冰之旅,西电捷通总裁曹军抖露黑幕

WAPI标准之争可以看作是中国标准与国际标准的正面交锋,但不能单纯地当成一次简单的行为.在中国标准进军国际标准的征途中,中国的知识产权和技术标准发展战略必然会与以美欧等国家为代表的国际标准发展战略产生利益冲突.……     

中国标准必将突出重围

曾经为全世界IT业界人士所关注的2004年6月1日已经过去了,原本为这一天的到来做了充分准备的企业不免有些失望,而原本担心这一天到来的很多IT厂商现在却松了口气,中国政府曾经宣布在6月1日开始强制实施的《中国无线局域网国家标准》(WAPI)无限期推迟。事关巨大的利益得失,这样的结果自然是几家欢乐几家愁。但事情还没有完,无限期推迟强制实施不等于永远不实施,之所以推迟,当然有着局外人难以尽知的原因,但以中国政府名义宣布的商业规则非同儿戏,WAPI也决非没有实施的理由和实施的必要。     

WAPI"产业铁幕"破冰之旅,西电捷通总裁曹军抖露黑幕

WAPI标准之争可以看作是中国标准与国际标准的正面交锋，但不能单纯地当成一次简单的行为，在中中标准进军国际标准的征途中，中国的知识产权和技术标准发展战略必然会与以美欧等国家为代表的国际标准发展战略产生利益冲突。     

从WAPI看自主创新

本文回顾了WAPI的历程，说明因认识混乱而导致的态度游移对科技创新的阻碍作用。通过对WAPI在国际标准申请过程中的曲折经历，说明自主创新必然会遇到来自国际垄断势力集团的干涉和打压。通过标准工作组一系列行动以及所取得的进展，说明只有坚持自主创新，才有希望打破垄断封锁和制约我国高科技产业发展的“铁幕”。     

WAPI、802.11i第一回合,中国无线标准“负重伤”

标准之争各方通常会打得鼻青脸肿,但是IEEE的802.11i标准与中国的本土的无线LAN标准WAPI之间的冲突却上升到仿佛是“深仇大恨”的程度.国际标准化组织（International Organization forStandardization,ISO）最近确认其成员已经以压倒多数拒绝将中国的技术作为全球标准,反而批准了802.11i作为更安全的无线协议候选标准.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence