我国图书馆事业发展政策刍议

The users demands and the situation of economic & cultural development of the society as wellhinge the rise and fall of the library cause.Demands of users have not been get on the upsurge in thatthe economic and cultural development of china is in a state     

联机公共检索目录系统的发展

Since the development of the Online Public Access Catalogues in the 1970s, libraries in Europe and America have devoted more and more attention to it. To date, it has already developed to the third generation. The OPAC System makes those users who lack training and experience be able to use it directly. It provides the users a kind of capability to access, which is neither like the order language with a very complex function, nor is it like the "menu" one with a very simple function. The interface design of it is an important phase of OPAC device,the study of which falls into the following categories;1)the matching aid.2)the retrieval aid.and 3)the semantic/contextual aid.The successful practice of the development and services of OPAC opens up a wide range of prospect for readers to use library materials directly.     

论联机环境对规范控制的影响

The article explains the basic concepts of authority control, cataloging of copies and the original cataloging. Changes of authority control in the online environment are also discussed, including authority control for shifting from precataloging to postcataloging and separating of mechanical labour from mental labour, and the implementation of authority control at different levels. The paper shows the necessity of partial and local authority control, pointing out that the individual authority of files may have already been obsolete,and they should be replaced by online authority files.The author holds that the vital question confronted by libraries is to make a change of authority work so as to control online catalogues.He also places emphases on the chief problems to be taken into consideration for the ahthority work in China.3 illus.17 references.     

读者心理与图书馆员素质

The major content of the study of library users is the study of their psychology. Readers emotion is subject to the library s environment, the quality and quantity of the documents and the emotion of the readers themselves as well. In order to make a good job of reader services, the librarians, in addition to their erudition and skill, should have the following three qualities: 1) self-cultivation， 2) ability to observe and analyse the readers psychology， and 3) sedate and refined appearance.     

理清比较图书馆学研究的脉络

At present, the research papers on comparative librarianship in China lack the studies of living examples. There are too many approaches to pure theories. On account of the lack of the support from practices, merely depending and drawing on the experience from other countries,it is very hard for the achievements made to guide the practices. Thus, theory and practice would split and break up sooner or later. Besides, some researchers are eager for quick success and instant benefit, trying to accomplish in one move.In addition,narrow knowledge of the researchers and the irrational structure of knowledge also affect the researchers to make a thorough study.     

剖析情报学理论体系流派的用户观

The paper analyses informations, information systems, information users and the interrelations among them. It generally evaluates the user concepts of each of the following schools of information science:the interchange school, the knowledge school, the decision school and the communication school. 3 illus. 9 references.     

改革十年的图书馆学:——“理论与实践脱节”解决方法研究述评

For more than ten years,lots of ways have been set forth to salve the problem of"theory di-vorced from practice",such as:the study of library science should move towards an orderly way andintensiveness;an institute of library science studies should be set     

论图书馆学研究权威——关于图书馆学研究发展的思考

China has achieved brilliant success in library research however,quite a few problems still exist,among which,there are two major problems existing in the order of the research:the thought of aca-demic authorities is weakening and the excessive defendence     

当代图书馆事业所面临的问题

Problems in finance, personnel, technology theory and legislation confronting, the present-day library undertaking are reviewed and compared one with the other in a comparatively systematic way. 114 references.     

图书馆学基础理论研究概述

Since Mr.M.W.Schrettinger of Germany used the term"library science"for the first time in1807,quite a few Chinese and foreign library scientists have been trying to explore its nature,and theobjects,contents and methods of study,at the same time to explain     

试探泡鸭爪的生产工艺条件

以鸭爪为主要原料,通过正交试验,确定了泡鸭爪最佳生产工艺条件为：热烫时间为10min,PH值为3,杀菌条件为15min-5min／100℃。     

谈高校图书馆日常消毒的必要性和措施--预防"非典"引发的思考

随着高校规模的不断扩大，图书馆的读者人数、图书流通量、阅览人次大幅度增加。针对高校图书馆的日常管理普遍缺少消毒环节，提出对图书馆书刊、计算机和公共场所进行消毒的必要性和相应的措施，以便更好地为读者服务。     

Eleanor Swenson Quandt 1921–2002

Abstract

Ancient bronzes in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum are maintained in low-humidity environments to eliminate the possibility of recurring chloride corrosion. A small, low-power, solid-state air drier was considered as an option to silica gel. This relatively new technology combines electrolytic dissociation of water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen with membrane separation. Hydrogen atoms formed on the anodic side penetrate the membrane and combine with oxygen on the cathodic side to form water. Oxygen atoms that remain on the anodic side recombine to form oxygen molecules. The process of water removal was found to be very efficient, but it is suggested that a portion of the oxygen atoms might react further to form ozone, a reactive molecule generally regarded as a deleterious pollutant in museum atmospheres. This was confirmed by passive sampling for ozone using diffusion tubes. While control levels after 60 days ranged from 0.43 to 1.25 parts per billion (ppb), samplers in the test environment recorded a level of 10.5 ppb, an increase of approximately 10 to 25 times. Developments in solid-state driers may overcome this problem in the future.     

纸质档案霉菌防治方法研究

霉菌的侵蚀一直是纸质档案保护过程中面临的最主要问题之一,也是影响纸质档案寿命的关键因素。随着科技发展及人们对档案保护意识的不断增强,纸质档案防霉技术也在不断地进步,抗菌方法和防治技术都有所突破。本文重点介绍了杀菌防霉的物理和化学抗菌方法,并进行总结,分析这些方法的原理及优缺点,以期为纸质档案霉菌的防治工作提供借鉴。     

环保型碳素微型收藏环境对纸质文献的耐久保持作用研究

将混合保护液浸润过的碳素材料作为纸质文献的收藏环境,使其长久保存。样品经干热老化、湿热老化、臭氧老化及几种酸性气体侵蚀后,用耐折度、抗张强度、撕裂度等性能指标,对其内置纸张进行耐久性评价。结果表明,该收藏环境内置纸样的机械强度强于对照纸样,即该收藏环境对纸质文献能起到更好的保护作用,有效延长其寿命。     

喷嘴-筒式放电极负高压脉冲放电协同二氧化钛光催化对偶氮类染料酸性橙Ⅱ的处理

脉冲放电过程在产生放电等离子体的同时,产生高能电子、紫外光．O3等多因素,可综合作用于水中或大气中的污染物。本文把脉冲放电等离子体和TiO2光催化相结合,对我们设计的喷嘴一筒式反应器中的喷嘴放电极进行二氧化钛镀膜,利用脉冲放电过程中的紫外光实现对二氧化钛的催化．增加放电过程以羟基为主的活性自由基的数量。以偶氮类染料酸性橙Ⅱ为研究对象,对比了放电极二氧化钛镀膜对放电等离子体技术对污染物降解效率的影响。研究了镀膜前后分别脉冲峰值电压,溶液初始浓度、溶液pH值、电导率等因素对偶氮类染料酸性橙Ⅱ液降解率的影响。     

古代雕版版片保护研究

雕版印刷技艺是运用刀具在木板上雕刻成“反体”文字或图案,再用墨、纸等材料刷印的一种特殊技艺,是中国印刷史上的重要阶段,形成了极为珍贵的古籍和档案文献。雕版版片是最重要的实物见证,现存数量有限,对其保护研究非常必要。木雕版中含有植物纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、果胶等,其上的墨迹中含有碳、动物胶等物质,易发霉生虫。通过采用超景深显微镜、扫描电镜-能谱仪（SEM-EDS）、红外光谱仪（FTIR）、显微拉曼光谱仪（Raman）、激光粒度仪等现代分析设备,对一套现存清代雕版的病害及印刷材料进行了观察分析,发现其主要病害为虫蛀、霉斑,其印刷所用墨为松烟墨。针对出现的病害情况,选择环氧乙烷杀虫灭菌的方法进行保护,并研究了预防性保护措施。     

Pollution monitoring at heritage sites in developing and emerging economies

Abstract

Air quality is an important factor in the preservation of cultural heritage. Systematic air quality assessment is a requirement in most heritage conservation plans. However, apart from temperature and relative humidity, air pollution, which is another air quality parameter, is less often monitored. This is the case especially, but not only, in developing and emerging economies where the lack of air pollution data is worrying. In this paper, issues with air pollution monitoring at heritage sites in developing and emerging economies, from management to technical, are reviewed. Questionnaire responses from over 20 sites in Africa, Asia, and Latin America reveal that about eight out of ten sites have not yet considered pollution data. The responses also show that cost is not the only obstacle but that lack of awareness and insufficient technical expertise are also significant issues. Different possible solutions are reviewed and their appropriateness discussed. They range from systematic monitoring to model-based estimations. Diffusion tube measurements of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone from 11 sites are reported and discussed.     

档案库房空气微生物物种精准鉴定与防治研究

受环境和气候的影响,不同地区档案库房空气微生物的种类不同,对不同库房消毒灭菌剂的敏感性和效果会存在一定差异。为精准了解青岛地区档案库房空气微生物的物种种类,本研究通过自然沉降法采集、培养、纯化了档案库房空气微生物,并采用宏基因组测序方法对微生物物种进行了精准鉴定。为有效治理档案库房空气的微生物污染,采用甲醛高锰酸钾化学熏蒸法,对微生物污染严重的库房进行了消毒处理。结果显示,青岛地区档案库房中存在多种微生物,包括真菌、细菌和病毒,其中含量前六十的微生物物种按"属"分类的真菌有6属,细菌有51属,病毒有3属;含量前六十的微生物物种按"种"分类的真菌有5种,细菌有54种,病毒有1种。通过甲醛高锰酸钾化学熏蒸消毒15小时后,库房空气真菌消亡率为59.1%,细菌消亡率为46.6%,效果显著。本研究为精准了解档案库房空气微生物物种种类及档案库房空气消毒灭菌提供了理论依据和实践参考。     

Somewhere to Run to,Nowhere to Hide

Stephen Rhind-Tutt of Alexander Street Press described his perspective on historical trends in the information industries, particularly publishing, and extrapolates them to the future. The presentation begins with an examination of the current challenges facing the information industries. This is followed by a definition of technology forecasting and its application to the information industries, showing how the Internet lends itself to particular types of development and the wants and needs of information customers drive change. The likely direction of such change in the information industry is outlined. Members of the industry must choose to embrace and evolve with these changes in order to remain relevant.