水对乙醇溶液荧光光谱和拉曼光谱的影响研究

液相荧光光谱和拉曼光谱的检测是常用而灵敏的检测技术,水作为常用溶剂对荧光光谱和拉曼光谱的影响直接影响检测的灵敏度.本文通过对纯水,无水乙醇及不同浓度乙醇溶液的荧光光谱和拉曼光谱进行理论和实验分析,研究水时乙醇溶液光谱的影响.结果表明,纯水在可见激发光激发下不产生荧光,对乙醇溶液的荧光光谱和拉曼光谱不产生影响;纯水产生拉曼光谱,对用拉曼光谱法检测乙醇浓度有影响.     

俄罗斯Chukchi半岛新生代碱性岩的形成和演化：熔体和流体包裹体证据

Melt and fluid inclusions were studied in the minerals of Cenozoic olivine melanephelinites from the Chukehi Peninsula, Russia. The rock contain several generations of olivine phenocrysts varying in composition at mg=0.88 - 0.77. The phenocrysts bear fluid and melt inclusions recording various stages of melt crystallization in volcanic conduits and shallow magma chambers. Primary fluid inclusions are CO2-dominated with a density of up to 0.93 g/cm^3. All fluid inclusions are partially leaked, which is indicated by haloes of tiny fluid bubbles around large fluid inclusions in minerals. Melt inclusions contain various daughter crystals, which were completely resorbed in thermometric experiments at about 1230~C. Assuming that this temperature corresponds to the entrapment conditions of the CO2 fluid inclusions, the minimum pressure of the beginning of magma degassing is estimated as 800MPa. Variations in the compositions of homogenized silicate melt inclusions indicate that olivine was the earliest crystalline phase followed by clinopyroxene, nepheline and orthoclase. This sequence is in agreement with the mineralogy of the rocks. The melts are strongly enriched in incompatible trace elements and volatiles （in addition to CO2 , high C1, F, and S contents were detected）. There are some differences between the compositions of melts trapped in minerals from different samples. Variations in SiO2 , FeO, and incompatible element contents are probably related to melt generations at various levels in a homogeneous mantle reservoir.     

Nature刊登我国科学家在增强拉曼光谱方法研究方面取得的重要进展

<正>2010年3月18日出版的英国Nature(2010,464,392—395)发表了厦门大学化学化工学院田中群教授研究组与其合作者在壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱方法方面的重要研究进展。该研究组与美国佐治亚理工学院王中林研究组     

爆裂法作为快速测定流体包裹体中二氧化碳（和其它气体）含量的手段及其在勘探中的使用：以中国山东和河北省金矿为例

The acoustic decrepitation method heats a small monomineralic sample and counts pressure impulses as the inclusions burst when they develop high internal pressures. For aqueous fluids, the decrepitation temperature is correlated with the homogenisation temperature, but gas rich fluids give a distinct and characteristic low temperature decrepitation peak which can be used to recognize gas rich fluid inclusions. This information is useful in exploration for Au deposits, which are frequently associated with CO2 rich and sometimes CH4 rich fluids. This distinctive decrepitation occurs because the CO2 rich inclusion fluids expand according to the gas law and develop internal pressures high enough to burst the host mineral grain at temperatures well below their homogenisation temperatures. In contrast, aqueous fluids condense to a liquid and vapour phase during post-entrapment cooling. Upon subsequent heating their internal pressures do not increase significantly until after homogenisation to a single phase occurs and hence they do not decrepitate ＂prematurely＂ as gas rich inclusions do. This behaviour is usually regarded as an annoyance in conventional microthermometric homogenisation studies, but can readily be used as an exploration aid to find mineralisation deposited from such gas rich fluids. Decrepitation results on samples from Cowra Ck, NSW, Australia, which have also been microthermometrically measured for CO2 content, show that amounts of less than 5 mole % CO2 are easily distinguished by decrepitation and amounts as low as 1 mole % CO2 may be determinable. Examples of the use of acoustic decrepitation in the study of 6 gold mines in the Shandong and Hebei provinces of China are discussed.     

低压等离子体结合热解法制备金刚石膜

金刚石膜具有天然金刚石相拟的优异特性，预计会有十分广阔的应用前景，本文介绍了一种新颖的金刚石膜生长技术－强流电子增强化学气相沉积法，它结合了传统的热丝法和等离子体法各自的优点，成为一种具有较高生长速率，能够制备大面积均匀金刚石膜的技术，对用这种方法制备的金刚石膜进行了喇曼、扫描电镜和Ｘ－Ｒａｙ衍射分析，并对这项技术的优点作了阐述。     

Buck电路求解方法的研究

滞回比较器是一种多用途的比较器,本文中选择它来控制Buck电路。利用滞回比较器的滞回特性控制Buck电路的输出在一个很小的范围内变化,从而保证了系统具有很高的稳定性。对受滞回比较器控制的Buck电路而言,其输出的求解方法有状态空间法、微分方程法以及拉普拉斯变换法等。本文所提出的算法是基于状态空间法的,并在其基础上引入一种等价无穷小的概念,从而化简了转移矩阵,避免了由于直接利用状态空间法解方程而带来的不便。通过Matlab编程以及PSPICE仿真,都有力地验证了本解法的有效性和正确性。     

南黄海盆地含烃热液流体活动：流体包裹体证据

南黄海盆地勿南沙隆起古生界地层的地热和地球化学异常一直受到众多地质学家和地球化学家的关注。本文联用显微测温和激光拉曼光谱技术对南黄海盆地勿南沙隆起的常州（CZ）-2-1井二叠系栖霞组灰岩石英脉中的流体包裹体进行了详细研究。根据岩石学特征、室温下包裹体相态特征和成分差别,这些包裹体可以分成三大类六小类。流体包裹体拉曼光谱分析结果表明包裹体中含有甲烷和有机物,证明了该区曾经有含烃类流体活动。显微测温分析表明流体包裹体的均一温度在214℃～305℃之间,远高于该区正常沉积的盆地古地温,暗示包裹体捕获了热液流体。根据岩石学观察和测温分析结果,样品中主要存在三期流体包裹体,其均一温度和流体的甲烷浓度分别为：214℃,0．1347mol／L;265℃,0．1722mol／L;305℃,0．3370mol/L。包裹体甲烷浓度随均一温度升高呈增大的趋势。本次研究证实南黄海盆地勿南沙隆起区曾存在含烃热液流体活动,这些实验结果可以为合理解释热异常和地球化学异常提供证据。     

湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床流体包裹体特征及其意义

对瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿床的石英、萤石和夕卡岩型钨矿床中石榴石流体包裹体的岩相学特征研究表明,与成矿有关的包裹体主要有三类：富液相、富气相和含子晶的多相包裹体。脉型钨矿床中石英包裹体均一温度范围为180℃-300℃,盐度O．88—6．45wt％NaCleqv;矽卡岩型钨矿床中石榴石包裹体的均一温度范围为190℃～300℃,盐度0．1～8．95wt％NaCleqv;成矿溶液的密度为0．81～0．89g／cm^3．表明形成这两种类型矿床的成矿流体均属于中温、低盐度、低密度的流体;成矿压力为120～160MPa,成矿深度约为7—9km,因此该矿床是在中高压力、中深成条件下形成的。激光拉曼探针分析表明,石英中包裹体的气相成分比石榴石中的更富含CH4、CO2和H2O等挥发份,说明流体是一种介于岩浆与热液之间的过渡性流体,具有上部偏液、下部偏浆的特点。由于该区自燕山期以来软流圈上隆,岩石圈经历了强烈的伸展、减薄作用和壳幔相互作用,而C-H还原性组分的增加,指示流体很可能来自于深部的地幔过渡带或者软流圈。     

LM339N、HEF4011B在冰箱电子温控中的应用

本文论述了以芯片构成的电子温控器完成温度检测、温度调节和温度控制等功能,着重介绍了LM339N、HEF4011B的应用过程。     

基于PLC控制的变频技术在恒压供水系统中的应用

针对当前普通供水系统具有能耗大、供应不灵敏等缺点,介绍了目前应用较为广泛的变频调速技术在恒压供水系统上的应用,分析了PLC控制下的变频恒压供水系统的系统构成和工作原理,并在此基础上,对变频调速恒压供水系统的控制方式和节能原理进行了讨论,验证了PLC控制下的变频恒压供水系统能够有效的实现节能。     

中国吉林长白山地区地幔捕虏体中硫化物熔体包裹体

Mantle xenoliths are common in the Cenozoic basalts of the Changbaishan District, Jilin Province, China. Sulfide assemblages in mantle minerals can be divided into three types： isolated sulfide grains, sulfide-meh inclusions and filling sulfides in fractures. Sulfide-inch inclusions occur as single-phase sulfides, sulfide-silicate melt, and CO2-sulfide-silicate melt inclusions. Isolated sulfide grains are mainly composed of pyrrhotite, but cubanite was found occasionally. Sulfide-inch inclusions are mainly composed of pentlandite and MSS, with small amounts of chalcopyrite and talnakhite. The calculated distribution coefficient KD3 for lherzolite are similar to that of mean experimental value. The bulk sulfides in lherzolite were in equilibrium with the enclosing minerals, indicating immiscible sulfide melts captured in partial melting of upper mantle. Sulfide in fractures has higher Ni/Fe and （Fe ＋ Ni）/S than those of sulfide melt inclusions. They might represent later metasomatizing fluids in the mantle. Ni/Fe and （ Fe ＋ Ni ）/S increase from isolated grains, sulfide inclusions to sulfides in fractures. These changes were not only affected by temperature and pressure, but by geochemistry of Ni, Fe and Cu, and sulfur fugacity as well.     

基于水足迹的中国水生态功能分区

水资源问题将成为21世纪人类面临的最重要的自然资源问题,水资源危机将会是世界各国经济发展面II占的“瓶颈”问题。随着30年来经济社会的快速发展,中国的水资源短缺、水环境恶化、洪涝灾害等水问题也日益突出。为满足经济社会快速发展的需要,在水资源开发利用方式,水资源管理上必须要有新的转变和大的突破。本研究在分析了中国水资源现状特点的基础上,引入水足迹等人类影响指标,结合水生态系统服务功能,面状与线状结合,综合运用地理要素,初步对全国水流域进行水生态功能分区。试图为实现水资源的科学管理,维护国家水资源安全,揭示水生态系统健康状况与演变趋势,制定流域水生态系统保护和恢复策略,支撑国家水环境管理理念的转变提供相关理论支持。